...Managemet Figure 1 Some critical job skills of today's managers are the ability to work under pressure, manage people, manage conflict, manage crisis, motivate people, and intuit answers. Many people work under their supervision and look to them for guidance, so these are the skills which are needed in order to carry the different operations of the business. According to Lawrence S. Kleiman, in order to operate successfully at the top managerial level, managers should have a broadened understanding of how competition, world economies, politics, and social trends affect organizational effectiveness. Managerial skills include conceptual skills, interpersonal skills, and technical skills. These three managerial skills are used by different managers in different degrees. Successful managers usually display more conceptual than technical skills. They have to continuously think about the company's goals and objectives and how they can be effectively communicated to employees. Middle Level Management Middle management is the intermediate management level accountable to top management and responsible for leading lower level managers. Image of Middle managers fig. 1 Middle managers Middle management is the intermediate management of a hierarchical organization, being subordinate to the senior management but above the lowest levels of operational staff. Key Points Middle management is the intermediate management of a hierarchical organization...
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...‘Whirlpool Corporation’ has been prepared towards the purpose. Objective of the report: There are several objectives to conduct the study which are: To Provide an overall information about the whirlpool company To provide the position in the BCG Matrix To analyze the SWOT of the organization To give an economical analysis. Methodology: To prepare this report we mainly depend on the primary data. But also take some help from our seniors. Process of collecting secondary data: We went to our senior to know about the procedure of making a good report. Then we ask for advices that should be followed to collect a standard data. Process of collecting primary data: Primary data are collected from the following sources: We collected our necessary primary data by the help of internet. Here the web address of Whirlpool proved to be very helpful to us. Reasons for collecting primary data: It is not possible to complete the report with the secondary data. To cross checking the secondary data couldn’t be possible without using primary data. Scope of The Report: Everything has some advantage which helps that work to be completed thoroughly. We get some scope which helps us to make a standard report. Major of them are- Enough Time: We have got enough time to prepare a report so that we could gather information with much tension free mind. . Easy access to internet: We have a very smooth access to internet in our computer lab. So that we didn’t face any kind of trouble in this...
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...as a new paradigm for specifying information systems requirements. Sol. The accompanying are the four reasons why business rules methodology is upheld as another standard for indicating the information systems requirements: a. Business rules can be considerd as the core concept in a enterprise as they are an expression of any business policy, and they guide the individual and the sumup of the overall behaviour. b. Business rules are considered as the core concepts in an enterprise since they are an expression of business policy, and they guide individual and aggregate behavior. Well organized rules of a business can be expressed as characteristic dialect for end clients and in a information model for system developers. c. Business rules should be expressed in the terms that are familiar to the end users. Thus, users can define and then maintain their own rules. The business rules should be highly maintainable: they will be stored inside a central repository and each rule will be expressed only single time, then will be shared all over the organization. Requirement of business guidelines can be automated by using the software that can interpret the guidelines and enforce them using the integrity mechanisms of the database management system. d. Enforcement of the business rules can be automated by using the software which can interpret the rules and implement the rules using the coupling mechanisms of the database managemet systems. Q6. Explain where you can find...
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...function. Many businesses have turned to electronic procurement (e-procurement) in the purchasing and supply of goods and services. In as much as there are many advantages ranging from cost saving, time saving and effectiveness, e-procurement also has it disadvantages; high cost of implementation and lack of readiness. More importantly a lot of businesses are not only concerned about cost saving advantage of e-procurement but also achieving high level of customer satisfaction through CRM. Electronic data interchange (EDI) enables the transfer and sharing of data and other forms of information electronically. This research paper will analyze the need for e-procurement, the IT tools and system involved, the advantages and disadvantages of e-procurement, factors inhibiting and supporting e-procurement. Questions such as: will e-procurement add value to my business? does it worth investing in? What IT tools, system and software do I need to implement e-procurement? Do I need to involve every member of my organization? will be addressed in this paper. Keywords: e-procurement, e-government, e-business, e-commerce, supply chain management, Customer relationship management, IT tools, TABLE OF CONTENTS Abstract...
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...Introduction This paper will show how external and internal issues affect the managemet functions of the Enron Corporation. Enron’s business strategy was to control all of the enery supplies without owning all the power plants. as a substitute, Enron would use contracts to have power over the services in which other companies had invested their hard earned money. The paper will describe how the management functions which consist of controlling, leading, organzing and planning are utilizrd by Enron. Enron Corporation is the world leading electricity, natural gas, pulp and paper and communication company. Stakeholders and employees lost large sums of money in the Ernon scandel. The top exectives were able to cash out before the scandel was publizeised. Enron became known as the Enron Scandal because of a creatively planned accounting fraud. The paper will also address globalization, technology, innovation, diversity and ethics and how they affect the management functions of Enron. The paper will show how supervisors will use delegation to control the different causes and purposes listed. The Enron history is not plainly a story of a isolated business that steped into thee fire and got burned. Enron got just what they describe. Enron was able to take large chances while keeping shareholders in the dark because it could expolit accounting loopholes for subsidaries that are available to most openly traded companies. Companies like Enron can legally cover up large debts...
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...At the roots of globalization there are a lot of mechanisms conected with economies of scale. The higher border of demand and bigger problems with knowledge and capital using in high developed countries went far towards some solutions for easier entries to different markets. That is why countries deleted administrative and economic borders limiting competition. Free flow of information, ideas through the world, caused that some values, lifestyles, consumption models are common for some nations. That is why customers needs are higher and higher and similar (unified) – califionisation of needs. It means that consumers have a lot of information about level and style of life in the richest countries, they want the same in their mother country. That is why we have some global products for every customer (coca cola, pampers, cars). General results of globalization 1. New division of the world; - information revolution and very fast technical development, create new opportunities for developing countries, economies, companies, and people. But not every country is able to use these opportunities on the same level. It depends on the level of social-economic country’s development. It is called Triad Power: bigger technological, economic, social and cultural integration is present among three most developed regions of the world: North America, west of Europe, east and south-east Asia.- it is a center of the world. (highly educated people, good organization of their work, capital) ...
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...S.NO. | CONTENT | PAGE.NO | 1. | ABSTRACT | 1 | 2. | INTRODUCTION | 2 | 3. | CUSTOMER FOCUS | 3 | 4. | CUSTOMER RELATIONSHIP MANAGEMENT | | 5. | CONCLUSION | | CUSTOMER FOCUS AND RELATIONSHIP MANAGEMENT CUSTOMER FOCUS AND RELATIONSHIP MANAGEMENT 1.Abstract CRM (Customer Relationship Management), sometimes it is called customer management, customer value management, customer centricity, and customer-centric management. CRM has long been the buzzword for airlines aspiring to 'one-to-one' relationships with all customers, all of the time. Its underlying principles are well established too - those airlines that can effectively attract, serve and retain the best customers will see significant positive effects on their bottom line profitability. The deeper the relationship the airline holds with these customers, the more opportunities there will be for selling additional products and services. However, with the emergence of e-business and the 'new economy', the challenges of building strong customer relationships have become even greater. 2.Introduction The jet age and the resulting euphoria in the market have given the ultimate weapon in the hands of the marketers. They now possess many options with them to persuade the customers to buy their products and services. But also because all of these advance, the...
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...Lean Management In Automobile Industry Lean Management In Automobile Industry Arvinder Singh, Bargavi Poloju, Inderpreet Kaur, Inderjeet Kaur, Jaskaran Singh Gill Eastern Institute of Technology September 10, 2015 Abstract Lean and six sigma are widely known business improvement processes for industries /organisations these days for achieving drastic results, which are majorly cost cutting, quality maintenance and time management by specializing in processes to boost performance. Nowadays, There are some industries that are even integrating lean and six sigma into a more cohesive strategy i.e., lean sigma in order to establish even more powerful and effective process which focuses at eliminating wasteful activities and retaining most of the strengths of each activity. Lean Sigma aims to combine waste eliminating strategies of Lean Thinking with variability reducing techniques of six sigma to promote growth and increase revenue from the bottom line of organisations(M. Kumara). Lean management is outlined as a consistent and a methodical approach to determining and eliminating waste through continuous improvement, flowing the merchandise at the pull of the client in pursuit of perfection. The idea of lean management was developed for maximizing the resource utilization through reduction of waste, and eventually lean was developed in response to the unsteady and ever-competitive business organisations. For organisations to face major challenges and competition can be...
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...CHAPTER NO 1 FINANCIAL ACCOUNTING To understand the financial statements of company, one must understand first its operations. Accounting is a system the collects and processes financial information about an organization and reports that information to the decision makers. Decision makers could be internal decision makers and outsider decision makers. External decision makers are creditors, investors, suppliers and customers. Internal decision makers could be managers to make day to day operations. Balance Sheet reports financial position (assets, capital, and liabilities) of a company at a point of time. Assets: Assets are the economic resources controlled by the organization so that future benefits can be obtained. Assessment of assets is important to its creditors and to its owners because assets provide a basis for judging whether the company has sufficient resources available to operate the business. Typically, the assets of a company include the following: 1. Current assets (short-term): short term assets that transform into cash and within the next year or the operating business cycle of the company. a. Cash and cash equivalents: Highly liquid assets, that can be easily convertible to cash such as bonds, marketable securities. b. Short-term investments: represents the reported values of shares of other companies as investment of access cash c. Trade receivables: When a company sells it products on credit, and receives promises...
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...owner expects that the business will earn him or her higher returns from his or her invested funds. However, this is not always the case almost businesses fail to meet this desired goal. What then are the causes of these disappointments? How can the problem be resolved? Well, project management is among the best techniques or strategies that can enable a business to attain its desired goal of profit maximization. Failure to implement project management in a business has been found to affect the performance of many businesses (Robbins & Coulter, 2005). This paper contains a detailed explanation of three companies that have been unsuccessful because of their refusal to implement project management. The three companies with some background information Alpa, MiniScribe and Panther are among the companies that have become unsuccessful due to lack of implementing project management. Beginning with Alpa, it previously used to design and manufacture 35 mm SLR cameras. It was known as among the best companies in this task. However, Alpa could not attain their goal. Not only did they fail to earn higher returns or profits but they ended up experiencing a bankruptcy something that made them to sell the company. Today, those who bought the company do designing and manufacturing medium and high end cameras and this is what the company does (Pride, Hughes & Kapoor, 2003). Secondly, MiniScribe was formed in the year 1980 in Longmont. They then used to design and sell hard disk drives ad stepper...
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...MBA 6661 XTIA, Strategic Marketing Management Sonic Marketing Plan Executive Summary Sonic is an emerging telecommunication company that produces multifunctional Personal Digital Assistants (PDA). The company will launch a new multi-functional device called the Sonic 1000. This device allows consumers to have the usage of various telecommunication abilities at once in the palm of their hand. As Sonic enters a mature market, it will face many challenges from existing PDA makers such as Apple, Palm, Hewlett-Packard, and other well-established companies. Sonic will also face the challenge of the development of new and more innovative technology, industry consolidation, and pricing pressures. During its first-year sales, Sonic’s primary marketing objective is to achieve 3 percent growth sales and keep their losses to a minimum. The Challenge Brief product description: The Sonic 1000 is a sleek, stylish handheld PDA with Sonic Software that supports Windows and Mac, 400 Mhz processor, 128 MB of memory and 3.5-inch touch screen. The device will allow you to easily manage email on the road or access files on your office desktop PC. It offers built-in wireless connectivity via Wi-Fi and Bluetooth, expansion slot that supports SD/SDIO memory cards. Consumers can also listen to music and watch videos via its Media Player, as well as, view, share, and manage photos. Strategic Goals: Some of the key issues that Sonic faces are: What is the best way to confront changes...
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...marketed domestically. Marketing domestically will allow ForSure to test out the product and to get a feel for what the customers wants really are. Because the market, customer needs, tastes, geography, demographics, and distribution methods are likely familiar, it's often the easiest place for companies to launch a product. The four P's of marketing - product, price, place and promotion - are often easier for companies to determine within the domestic market. The marketing concept will be used because finding a product that fits the customers’ needs is first priority. WishChips is made in mind of what an individual would like. By being able to control this device provides each customer with options. A company that has a strong value system and is able to communicate it to its customers will have a competitive advantage over other firms because customers will be in a better position to develop a relationship with the brand. There is a need to be honest here. If the brand is communicating values that it is obviously not representing, then customers will resent...
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...I. Introduction Cecillio Kwok Pedro recognized an opportunity in producing aluminum toothpaste tubes for Colgate and Unilever and by 1977; he invested and opened Aluminum Container Inc. It was the start of his battle against entrenched giants to becoming the number one toothpaste producer in the Philippines. However, in 1986, a new packaging arrived and the two multinational companies (MNC) decided to switch to plastic tubing. Instead of closing down, Pedro decided to use his machinery and make and offer his own toothpaste. Knowing little about toothpaste, he had technical tie-up with a Japanese company and Lamoiyan Corporation was formally launched in 1988 and produced the first tube of Hapee. Sales have been thwarted by three significant barriers: consumer fears that locally produced goods were inferior, their preference for Colgate’s taste and the lack of awareness of the Hapee brand. Pedro and Lamoiyan Corporation counteracted these obstacles by capitalizing on their tie-up with a Japanese company, imitating Colgate’s taste and doing aggressive promotional strategies like sponsoring the Philippine Olympic team. Pedro also signed an exclusive contract with Sesame Street and featured the characters. Hapee created a niche in the kids market. Hapee toothpaste entered the market at a 50% discount and the multinationals made no move to combat the band. Hapee then dropped to 30% discount and soon, captured 20% market share. The entry of Hapee to the market didn’t...
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...Introduction Organisational behavior is a subject that covers a wide variety of topics such as, such as motivation, leadership and organizational design- that relate to different aspects of behavior in organizations. Examining these topics has involved incorporating perspectives and insights from a number of disciplines including psychology, economics, sociology and politics.’ (Knights and Willmott, 2007:p.3) Numerous disciplines that explore the complexity and diversity of collective human activity have contributed to the formation and development of OB. Something of this complexity is apparent in the sometimes conflicting purposes and objective embraced by, or attributed to, management and organizations. Given the demanding nature of organizing and managing people, it is not surprising that OB is widely regarded as the foundation of management studies. (Knights and Willmott, 2007:p.3)Within the notion of behavior, including thinking and feeling as well as acting. OB aspires to have relevance for understanding the behavior of people working at all hierarchical levels- from the workers employed part-time or on a casual basis on the shop floor or in the office to the most senior executive. Each is involved in processes of organizing and being organized and managing and being managed. OB should be better to understand how and why people are organized; to identify and assess the likely consequences of making changes; and to introduce changes in ways that anticipate and minimize...
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...BAB 2 LANDASAN TEORI 2.1 Pengertian Sistem Menurut Shelly-Rosenblatt (2012, p7), sistem adalah serangkaian komponen yang saling berhubungan yang menghasilkan hasil tertentu. Menurut James A. Hall (2011, p5), sistem adalah sebuah kelompok dari dua atau lebih komponen yang saling berhubungan atau subsistem untuk mencapai tujuan bersama. Dari definisi diatas, dapat disimpulkan bahwa sistem adalah komponenkomponen yang saling berkaitan dan bekerjasama untuk mencapai suatu tujuan tertentu. 2.2 Pengertian Informasi Menurut Shelly-Rosenblatt (2012, p7), informasi adalah data yang telah diubah menjadi output yang lebih berharga bagi penggunanya. Menurut Mokoginta (2010, p1) ”Konsep Teknologi Informasi”, informasi dapat didefinsikan sebagai berikut : 1. Data yang disimpan, diproses, atau ditransmisikan. 2. Pengetahuan yang didapatkan dari pembelajaran, pengalaman, atau instruksi. 9 10 3. Data yang sudah diolah menjadi suatu bentuk lain yang lebih berguna yaitu pengetahuan atau keterangan yang ditujukan bagi penerima dalam pengambilan keputusan, baik masa sekarang atau yang akan datang. Maka dapat disimpulkan bahwa infomasi adalah kumpulan data yang telah diproses dan menjadi sebuah pengetahuan yang memiliki arti bagi penggunanya. 2.3 Pengertian Akuntansi Menurut Warren, Reeve dan Duchac ( 2011, p3), akutansi adalah sebuah sistem informasi yang memberikan laporan kepada pengguna mengenai kegiatan ekonomi dan kondisi dari sebuah bisnis. Menurut Stice/Stice/Albrecht/Swain...
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