...on “Analyzing Motivation Strategies, Techniques And Performance of Dhaka Bank Ltd.” Principles of Accounting: Term paper on “Accounting Practices in Square Pharmaceuticals Limited”. Human Resources Management: Research on “Occupational Safety and Health: Status in the Tannery Industry” Microeconomics: Term paper on “Structure of rice market in Bangladesh”. Principles of Management: Term paper on ‘The Management of Beximco Pharmaceuticals limited”. Managerial Accounting: Term paper on “Analyzing how to Managerial Accounting Practice of Square Pharmaceuticals limited”. Financial Management:- Term paper on “Working Capital Management of Textile Industries in Bangladesh” Production & Operation Management: Term paper on “Production & Operation Management of Shinepukur Ceramics Ltd.” Strategic Management: Case study on Sun Microsystems and General Dynamics: Compensation and Strategy (A) and also develop a case BCG Matrix. Marketing Research: A research on “The Effect of Corporate image in Formation of Customer Loyalty of the Mobile Phone industry in Bangladesh”. Corporate Finance: A research on “The Effect of Dividend Policy in Pharmaceuticals industries in Bangladesh” Financial Markets & Institutions: A report on “Investment Banking Operations of ICB Capital Management Limited”. PARTICIPANT OF THE WORKSHOP Workshop on “Research Methodology” organized by BUP, Recourse person: Dr. Muhammad Z Mamun, Professor, Institute of Business Administration...
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...capitalism, financial market experience and knowledge, Asia is definitely a fertile ground for the study od behavioral finance. According to conventional financial theory, the world and its participants are, for the most part, rational "wealth maximizers". However, there are many instances where emotion and psychology influence our decisions, causing us to behave in unpredictable or irrational ways. Asians in general suffer from cognitive biases, more so than Westerners, often being viewed as ‘Gamblers. Behavioral finance is a relatively new field that seeks to combine behavioral and cognitive psychological theory with conventional economics and finance to provide explanations for why people make irrational financial decisions .It calls for investigation into higher mental processes, memory, perception, problem solving and thinking .This paper looks at some of the anomalies (i.e., irregularities) that conventional financial theories have failed to explain. In addition, review underlying reasons and biases that cause some people to behave irrationally. 2.- Brief survey of the literature The following areas of research have been covered, from the mid 1980’s to the main focus of the article(special edition 2008): Overreaction and Availability Bias, Overconfidence, Cultural difference, Superstition, education and life experience, “house money effect” managerial optimism, collective orientated vs individual dynamic, or Gambler's Fallacy, Trading venue affect, life experience and...
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...usually a lump-sum amounting to millions, that is paid in the event of a change in control of the company1. The reasons for the implementation of the Golden Parachute is something that has been constantly debated, but the most common objective, and the objective I will be focusing on in this paper is to control the behaviour of the management in the event of a acquisition2. Often times when an acquisition occurs, the management of the acquired firm will not stay with the new firm, meaning that their will not benefit from the acquisition, but would rather suffer if the acquisition occurs. As such they might be inclined to try to prevent the acquisition, and not act in the best interest of the shareholders3. The Golden Parachute serves to ensure that the management acts in the best interest of the shareholders by providing a mechanism to protect their own personal self interest. Another objective that is often talked about would be that of an anti-takeover mechanism4. The Golden Parachute serves as a antitakeover mechanism in a number of ways, but in summary it is assumed to increase the cost of acquisition making the company less attractive for takeover. Through the course of this paper, we hope to learn a number of things about the whole Golden Parachute situation. Firstly, focusing on it being a tool to control the behaviour of the 1 Richard A....
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...attaining a certain goal. In this paper I am going to scrutinise a number of courses offered in four different disciplines within a business school and identify how these courses relate with decision making. The conclusions are presented in tabular form. IVEY Business School and The University of Pennsylvania were my source of information. There school of Business offers many different courses all of them lying under or comprising of the different disciplines that are found in business school. Some of these include: i. Business, Economics and Public Policy Course Relation to Decision making Focus Computerized support Intro to Business Economics Explores the economics and politics of public policy to provide the student with an analytic framework. Policy issues relating to taxation, social security, low-income assistance. High Financing and Managing Government Covers cost-benefit evaluations which influence decision making. Role of public policy in affecting the efficiency of markets and the distribution of resources in society. High. Economic Analysis of Law Teaches students how to think as an economist about legal rules and evaluate alternative legal rules. Interpretation of legal rules Moderate Behavioural Economics, Markets, and Public Policy Applies insights from psychology to the study of economic phenomena and decision making. How psychology plays out in markets, where consumers and firms interact and compete. Moderate Managerial Economics The application of microeconomic...
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...Public Policy and Administration Research ISSN 2224-5731(Paper) ISSN 2225-0972(Online) Vol.4, No.11, 2014 www.iiste.org Relationship between Capital Structure and Ownership Structure: A Comparative Study of Textile and Non Textile Manufacturing Firms Muhammad Arslan* M.Phil (Management Sciences) Bahria University Islamabad, Pakistan, PO box 44000, E-8, Islamabad, Pakistan Email: MuhammadArslan73@gmail.com Rashid Zaman M.Phil (Management Sciences), Bahria University Islamabad, Pakistan Email: Rashidzamantanoli@gmail.com Abstract The current study explores the impact of ownership structure on capital structure in textile sector and rest of the manufacturing sectors (non-textile) in Pakistan using regression analysis with fixed effect model. As textile sector is the largest manufacturing sector in Pakistan and having diversified financial characteristics, however, there exists a gap whether textile sector’s ownership and capital structure relationship matches with other manufacturing sectors or not. Current study tries to fill this gap. The results indicate that in textile sector, no significant relationship exists between ownership concentration and capital structure whereas a significant negative relationship is found between these two variables in case of non-textile firms in Pakistan. However, institutional ownership variable was found to be non-significant in both textile and non-textile sectors. Other control variables were found to have the results as hypothesized. Period...
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...ACC 122 Career Paper Managerial Accounting Managerial Accounting, also known as Cost Accounting, is defined as: “A branch of accounting that observes and calculates the actual costs of a company’s operations. It is the process of identifying, measuring, analyzing, interpreting, and communicating information in the pursuit of a company’s business goals. “ Farlex Financial Dictionary. (2012). Retrieved from: financial-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/Managerial+Accounting Managerial accountants provide information to managers within a company. The managers then use the information to make decisions, prepare external reports, and budgets. They make decisions by analyzing the statements to evaluate performance and control costs in the most efficient way possible to meet the company’s goal. Managerial accountants must have a bachelor’s degree, in some places a master’s degree, and in some states be a CPA. Once a person becomes a managerial accountant they can work in an office or from home depending on the employer. With the rise in globalization, the need for managerial accountants familiar with international finance is also on the rise. Managerial accounting should not be confused with financial accounting as there are many differences between the two, outlined in the following table: Financial Accounting Managerial Accounting Must be accurate and timely Usually approximate but relevant & flexible Is compulsory under company law Except for few industries...
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...attracted a great deal of attention from financial economists. Indeed, the increase in academic papers on the subject of CEO compensation during the 1990s seems to have outpaced even the remarkable increase in CEO pay itself during this period (Murphy, 1999). Much research has focused on how executive compensation schemes can help alleviate the agency problem in publicly traded companies. To understand adequately the landscape of executive compensation, however, one must recognize that the design of compensation arrangements is also partly a product of this same agency problem. Alternative Approaches to Executive Compensation Our focus in this paper is on publicly traded companies without a controlling shareholder. When ownership and management are separated in this way, managers might have substantial power. This recognition goes back, of course, to Berle and Means (1932, p. 139) who observed that top corporate executives, “while in office, have almost complete discretion in management.” Since Jensen and Meckling (1976), the problem of managerial power and discretion has been analyzed in modern finance as an “agency problem.” Managers may use their discretion to benefit themselves personally in a variety y Lucian Arye Bebchuk is the William J. Friedman Professor of Law, Economics and Finance, Harvard Law School, and Research Associate, National Bureau of Economic Research, both in Cambridge, Massachusetts. Jesse M. Fried is a Professor of Law at Boalt Hall School...
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...International Finance: A Course Overview Mihir A. Desai* Harvard University and NBER ABSTRACT This paper describes the International Finance course at Harvard Business School for instructors considering adopting the associated material. The paper begins by arguing that the forces of globalization have fundamentally changed the scope and activities of firms thereby altering the practice of finance within these firms. As a consequence of an increasing reliance on tightly-integrated foreign operations, a parallel world of finance has been opened within every multinational firm and this world has, heretofore, been overlooked. The course materials are designed to address the many aspects of financial decision making within global firms prompted by these changes that are not addressed in traditional materials. The paper provides an overview of the structure of the course and its seven modules with particular emphasis on the three modules that constitute the core of the course. The paper also describes an analytical framework that has been developed through the creation of the course materials to guide critical financial decisions on financing, investment, risk management and incentive management within a multinational firm. This framework emphasizes the need to reconcile conflicting forces in order for multinational firms to gain competitive advantage from their internal capital markets. The paper concludes with a discussion of the course's pedagogical approach and detailed descriptions...
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...International Review of Finance, 11:1, 2011: pp. 1–17 DOI: 10.1111/j.1468-2443.2010.01125.x Two Common Problems in Capital Structure Research: The FinancialDebt-To-Asset Ratio and Issuing Activity Versus Leverage Changes IVO WELCH Brown University, RI and NBER ABSTRACT This paper points out two common problems in capital structure research. First, although it is not clear whether non-financial liabilities should be considered debt, they should never be considered as equity. Yet, the common financial-debt-to-asset ratio (FD/AT) measure of leverage commits this mistake. Thus, research on increases in FD/AT explains, at least in part, decreases in non-financial liabilities. Future research should avoid FD/AT altogether. The paper also quantifies the components of the balance sheet of large publicly traded corporations and discusses the role of cash in measuring leverage ratios. Second, equity-issuing activity should not be viewed as equivalent to capital structure changes. Empirically, the correlation between the two is weak. The capital structure and capital issuing literature are distinct. I. INTRODUCTION Leverage is defined as the sensitivity of the value of equity ownership with respect to changes in the underlying value of the firm. Empirically, leverage ratios are frequently independent variables (sometimes as part of a hypothesis, sometimes as a control). Leverage ratios are also the dependent variable in the empirical capital structure literature. This literature tries...
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...TOPIC: ANALYSIS OF EQUITY SHARE CAPITAL AS A SOURCE OF FINANCE IN AN ORGANISATION RESEARCH PAPERS The 2 research papers under study are 1. The effect of CEO ownership and shareholder rights on cost of equity share capital. 2. What motivates seasoned equity offerings? Evidence from the use of issue proceeds. COST OF EQUITY CAPITAL AND ITS EFFECTS TO THE MANAGEMENT Introduction This paper investigates the cost of equity capital and its effects to the management which intends to hinder shareholders right. The purpose of which is to investigate whether managerial ownership affects the associations between the shareholders rights and the cost of equity capital. There are two variables in the article which can be clearly identified. The variables are; 1) The shareholders rights and 2) The cost of the equity capital. 1) THE SHAREHOLDERS Shareholders should have the right to discipline the managers, who are the employees of the organization, in the case of the mismanagement or the improper use of the funds. The shareholders have right to demand for the success of the organization through competing aggressively in order to gain profitability. The shareholders have right to elect and remove the management from the office and also to access or evaluate the books of accounts of the organization. 2) COST OF EQUITY CAPITAL Rate of return of equity Current market price and the nominal value of equity capital CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK THE AGENCY PROBLEMS: THE MANAGEMENT...
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...Changing ownership and its impact on Firm performance: A detailed pre and post crisis study on Indian firms Several studies are available establishing relationship between firm performance and ownership structure and the results are mixed. Several authors have found significant relationship while others have not found any significant relationships. In Indian context also, there are several studies which propagates to have both kind of results. The way literature is linking the owner ship with performance has always been via addressing the agency (outsiders and insiders) problem, board structure, size, leverage etc. but, literature is sparse to identify these variables as moderating the relationship between ownership and firm performance. The purpose of this study is to establish and study the relationship between ownership and performance in Indian context. Considering following points, I recommend a framework to study the changing ownership and firm performance under the premise that agency costs and information asymmetry acts as moderating variable, which increases/decreases performance when ownership changes. * In India, it is confirmed by several authors that concentrated and complex ownership structure is found which creates problem of heterogeneity and opacity. * India has agency type 2 problems; few studies are available addressing type 2 problem and variables to measure this. * Opacity and complexity creates Information asymmetry and tunneling respectively...
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...MBA 710- HF2B Managerial Finance ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY OF FINANCE CURRENT EVENTS This assignment is due on the established "Due Date", no exceptions allowed and no late submissions accepted. ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY Objective: This assignment allows an explanation of the issues and challenges facing companies today in the context of Managerial Finance. Additionally, this assignment allows students to focus on a topic in order to explore the relevant topic and comprehend how the topic relates to the article. DESCRIPTION OF WEEKLY ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY ASSIGNMENT (60 POINTS IN TOTAL): Steps to complete the Weekly Annotated Bibliography Assignment: 1- Each week select one article that relates to the current topic for the week. 2- Write a concise and comprehensive review of the article relating it to the current topic for the Week. You must state in the paper how the article relates to the associated topic. Points will be deducted if there is not a clear reference to the associated topic. 3- Describe the relevance of the article to the topic of the Week (use the current week's syllabus and objectives as a guide). Points will be deducted if there is not a clear reference to the relevance of the associated topic. 4- Provide a comprehensive and thorough analysis of the article. Do not repeat what the article states, but describe the highlights and the applicability of the highlights to the applicable Topic. Points will be deducted if there is not a comprehensive...
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...Journal Of Financial And Strategic Decisions Volume 10 Number 3 Fall 1997 STRATEGIC ASSETS, CAPITAL STRUCTURE, AND FIRM PERFORMANCE Rahul Kochhar* Abstract Possession of strategic assets is a necessary condition for sustained competitive advantage. This condition is, however, not sufficient. Firms require financial management capability to realize the rents present in their strategic assets. The firm-specific nature of strategic assets implies that they be financed primarily through equity; other less specific assets should be financed through debt. Firms are likely to suffer increased costs and decreased performance if they do not adopt suitable governance structures in their transactions with potential suppliers of funds. INTRODUCTION The recently developed “resource-based view of the firm” seeks to focus the attention of researchers and managers alike on the unique and hard-to-copy strategic assets of the firm [7, 61]. Firms earn economic rents from these assets when there is an initial level of asymmetry in resource endowments, there is imperfect mobility of these assets, the market for these assets is imperfect, and competitors cannot easily obtain similar assets [2, 6, 7, 20, 24, 48]. Strategic assets provide the firm with a source of steady stream of rents so that it gains a sustained competitive advantage over its rivals. While researchers in this area have a general agreement over the characteristics of strategic assets (albeit adopting slightly different terminology...
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...Evanston, IL 60208 Telephone: (847) 491-2662, Fax: (847) 467-1202 E-mail: c-chapman@kellogg.northwestern.edu SSRN Research Page: http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/cf_dev/AbsByAuth.cfm?per_id=417740 Education HARVARD BUSINESS SCHOOL, BOSTON, MA Doctor of Business Administration degree, Accounting and Management, 2008. Dissertation Committee: Professors Paul M. Healy, V.G. Narayanan & Thomas J. Steenburgh. HARVARD BUSINESS SCHOOL, BOSTON, MA Master of Business Administration degree, 2003. Graduated with High Distinction as a George F. Baker Scholar. UNIVERSITY OF OXFORD – MAGDALEN COLLEGE, ENGLAND Master of Arts degree in Mathematics, 1995 Bachelor of Arts degree in Mathematics, 1989. Graduated with Honors. Publications “Buy-Side vs. Sell-Side Analysts’ Earnings Forecasts” with Boris Groysberg and Paul M. Healy. The paper examines relative accuracy and bias of different analysts and proposes a number of possible explanations for the findings that the analysts at the Buy-side firm studied appear significantly less accurate and more optimistic than those working for sell-side firms. Financial Analysts Journal, July/August 2008, Vol. 64, No. 4: 25-39. “An Investigation of Earnings Management through Marketing Actions” with Thomas J. Steenburgh. Combining new, hand-collected data regarding firm performance with an existing and widely studied dataset, the paper examines how firms use marketing actions to manage earnings. We identify predictable changes in the frequency of...
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...is much less compared to the owners of the firm who have a much bigger stake in the company. Thus managers being risk averse, they forego profitable ventures if they anticipate them to be risky (Guay, 1999, Jensen & Meckling, 1976). Making the salary structure more convex by introducing more option-based compensation and stock awards is one way owners try to align the goals of the managers with the owners. But managerial wealth attached to the firm is only a fraction of their total personal wealth in the portfolio. Other components of manager’s total wealth could be stocks owned in other companies, real estate portfolio, and other debt related securities. A lot of research has been done in the past explaining how managerial compensation structure (options, stock awards etc.) affect his risk taking abilities (Knopf et al. 2002, Rogers, 2002, etc.). But not much research has been done showing how manager’s outside wealth affects his risk taking in the firm. As far as we know, the only paper that has looked at this relationship is by Elsila et al. 2013 but that paper only looked at the Swedish listed firms. They found that higher the proportion of the CEOs wealth to the firm, more risk averse the manager would be. Similar to them, we would be using the “wealth ratio” variable, which is defined as the proportion of the manager’s total personal wealth invested in the company. It has been shown in the previous literature that higher delta corresponds to more risk taking and higher...
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