...SEGMENTATION – TARGETING – POSITIONING Fragmentation of mass markets segments Consumers: variety of needs & preferences Marketers: offer variety of choices via multitude of marketing offerings Marketing segmentation: Needs Action Linking market needs to an org’s marketing program Market needs Segmentation/Targeting MM A market segment: Group of consumers with homogenous profile & common needs will similarly respond to a marketing program Segmentation – targeting – positioning 1 Using market-product grids: see how Reebok use different Reebok shoes to reach segments of customers with different needs Single product multiple market segments e.g. TIME magazine multiple geographical mkts multiple products multiple segments firm offers variations of the basic product to high-end and low-end users e.g. GAP with Old Navy, Banana Republic segments of one mass customization built to order Segmentation – targeting – positioning 2 How to segment and target markets: 1. Group potential buyers into segments 2. Group products into categories 3. Develop a Market-Product Grid and estimate size of the market 4. Select target markets 5. Take marketing actions to reach target markets Segmentation – targeting – positioning 3 Criteria used in defining segments: 1. profitability 2. similarity of needs of potential buyers within a segment 3. differences of needs and buyers across segments 4. potential of a marketing action to reach a segment 5. simplicity...
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...STP include : market strategy; target markets; positioning; market segmentation and target markets; market segmentation and demographics Segmentation Segmentation : Identifying al segments for the product/service. Many of the resources listed in module 3 will be helpful to you when you develop segments. To be useful, segments should be: Measurable Accessible (can you reach them) Profitable Distinct from one another The objective of segmentation is to find attractive markets. Strategies include Break market into components Regroup into market segments Select which segment to target Positioning. Positioning is an essential component -- and skill - in good marketing. Perceptual maps are used to determine the position of a product, firm, person, service or idea. Positioning maps, or perceptual maps can be simple, yet very effective marketing tools. One definition of Positioning Theory is: the science of perceptual strategy. It is based on a theory that strategy can only be planned in the mind of the consumer, not the marketplace*. It is important to understand the levels of competition because positioning applies at all levels of competition. For example: Product Level (e.g., Pepsi vs. Coke) Category Level (e.g., Cola vs. Root beer) Corporate Level (e.g., Pepsi Inc. vs. Coca Cola Company) Industry Level (e.g., Beverage Industry vs. Snack food Industry) Targeting. What is target?. This is the real goal/objective in market that marketer want...
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...consumers display in searching for, purchasing, using, evaluating, and disposing of products and services that they expect will satisfy their needs is known as ________. A) the production orientation B) consumer behavior C) narrowcasting D) positioning E) the marketing mix Answer: B Diff: 1 Page Ref: 5 Skill: Concept Objective: 1.1: Understand what consumer behavior is and the different types of consumers 2) Which of the following is considered an example of consumer behavior? A) Janice prefers to buy name-brand pain relievers like Tylenol and Advil, rather than the store brand. B) Javier generally gets gas on Monday mornings on his way to work. C) Jessica prefers to buy her produce from the farmer's market instead of the grocery store. D) Jeremy generally recycles his old newspapers and cardboard boxes. E) All of the above are examples of consumer behavior. Answer: E Diff: 2 Page Ref: 5 Skill: Application Objective: 1.1: Understand what consumer behavior is and the different types of consumers 3) When Bill orders five movie tickets online for himself and his friends for a Friday night showing of the latest action thriller, he is acting as a(n) A) organizational consumer B) team consumer C) non-profit consumer D) market consumer E) personal consumer Answer: E Diff: 2 Page Ref: 5 Skill: Application Objective: 1.1: Understand what consumer behavior is and the different types of consumers 4) The term "consumer behavior" describes two different...
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...MKT001 – Segmentation, Targeting, and Positioning Additional information Market segmentation involves dividing a market into smaller groups of buyers with distinct needs, characteristics, or behaviors that might require separate marketing strategies or mixes. Through market segmentation, companies divide large, heterogeneous markets into smaller segments that can be reached more efficiently and effectively with products and services that match their unique needs. Geographic segmentation calls for dividing the market into different geographical units such as nations, regions, states, counties, cities, or even neighborhoods. Demographic segmentation divides the market into groups based on variables such as age, gender, family size, family life cycle, income, occupation, education, religion, race, generation, and nationality. Demographic factors are the most popular bases for segmenting customer groups: Age and Life-Cycle Stage means offering different products or using different marketing approaches for different age and life-cycle groups. Gender segmentation has long been used in clothing, cosmetics, toiletries, and magazines. Income segmentation has long been used by the marketers of products and services such as automobiles, clothing, cosmetics, financial services, and travel. Psychographic segmentation divides buyers into different groups based on social class, lifestyle, or personality characteristics. Behavioral segmentation divides buyers into groups based on their...
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...decisions—how to divide up markets into meaningful customer groups (segmentation), choose which customer groups to serve (targeting), create market offerings that best serve targeted customers (differentiation), and positioning the offerings in the minds of consumers (positioning). Chapter Objectives: 1. Define the four major steps in designing a customer-driven marketing strategy: market segmentation, market targeting, differentiation, and positioning 2. List and discuss the major bases for segmenting consumer and business markets 3. Explain how companies identify attractive market segments and choose a market targeting strategy 4. Discuss how companies differentiate and position their products for maximum competitive advantage in the marketplace. Most companies have moved away from mass marketing and toward target marketing—identifying market segments, selecting one or more of them, and developing products and marketing programs tailored to each. Figure 7.1 (pg.216) shows the four major steps in designing a customer-driven marketing strategy. Market segmentation involves dividing a market into smaller groups of buyers with distinct needs, characteristics, or behaviors that might require separate marketing strategies or mixes. Market targeting (or targeting) consists of evaluating each market segment’s attractiveness and selecting one or more market segments to enter. Differentiation involves actually differentiating the firm’s market offering to create...
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...Segmentation, Targeting and Positioning LEARNING OBJECTIVES After reading, studying and analyzing this chapter, students should be able to understand: 2.1 The interrelationship among market segmentation, targeting, and positioning, and how to select the best target markets. 2.2 The bases used to segment consumers, including demographics, psychographics, product benefits sought and product usage-related factors. 2.3 Behavioral targeting and its key role in today’s marketing. 2.4 How to position, differentiate and reposition products. CHAPTER SUMMARY Learning Objective 2.1: To understand the interrelationship among market segmentation, targeting and positioning and how to select the best target markets. Segmentation is defined as the process of dividing a potential market into distinct subsets of consumers with a common need or characteristic and selecting one or more segments to target with a specially designed marketing mix. Besides aiding in the development of new products, segmentation studies assist in the redesign and repositioning of existing products, in the creation of promotional appeals, and the selection of advertising media. In order to be a viable target market, a segment must be identifiable (by some criteria such as demographics, lifestyles, or others), sizeable (i.e., large enough to be profitable), stable or growing, accessible (i.e., can be reached economically), and congruent with the marketer’s objectives and resources...
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...Marketing Designing Customer Driven Strategies: Positioning Differentiation Targeting Segmentation Create Value for the Targeted Customers Decide on a Value Proposition Select Customers to Serve To Design a Customer Driven Strategy: * Select Customers to Serve: * Segmentation: Dividing the market into smaller groups with distinct needs, characteristics or behaviours who might require separate products or marketing mixes * Targeting: The process of evaluating the attractiveness of each segment and selecting one or more segments to enter * Decide on the Value Proposition: * Differentiation: Differentiating the firm’s offering to create a value for the target customers * Positioning: Arranging for a market offering to occupy a clear, distinctive and desirable place relative to competition in customers’ minds. Chapter One: Segmentation: Segmentation is dividing the market into smaller groups with distinct needs, characteristics or behaviours who might require separate products or marketing mixes Requirements for Effective Segmentation: * Accessible * Substantial * Differentiable * Actionable Types of Market Segmentation: * Segmenting Consumer Markets: * Geographic: Divides the market into different geographical units such as nations, regions, states, countries or cities * Demographic: Divides the market into groups based on variables such as age, gender, family...
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...first edition of Marketing Management, published in 1967, introduced the concept that companies must be customer-and-market driven. But there was little mention of what have now become funda- mental topics such as segmentation, targeting, and positioning. Concepts such as brand equity, customer value analysis, database marketing, e-commerce, value networks, hybrid channels, supply chain management. Marketing Management is the leading marketing text because its content and organization consistently reflect changes in marketing theory and practice. The very first edition of Marketing Management, published in 1967, introduced the concept that companies must be customer-and-market driven. But there was little mention of what have now become funda- mental topics such as segmentation, targeting, and positioning. Concepts such as brand equity, customer value analysis, database marketing, e-commerce, value networks, hybrid channels, supply chain management. Marketing Management is the leading marketing text because its content and organization consistently reflect changes in marketing theory and practice. The very first edition of Marketing Management, published in 1967, introduced the concept that companies must be customer-and-market driven. But there was little mention of what have now become funda- mental topics such as segmentation, targeting, and positioning. Concepts such as brand equity, customer value analysis, database marketing, e-commerce, value networks, hybrid channels...
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...Week 5: ch 6 Customer-driven marketing strategy:Creating value for target customers Consumer behaviour and consumer markets - Most companies have moved away from mass marketing and towards target marketing – identifying market segments, selecting one or more of them, and developing products and marketing programs tailored to each. - Companies must design customer-driven marketing strategies that build the right relationships with the right customers. Customer-driven marketing strategy Definition of market segmentation - The process of analysing a market with the aim of directing marketing focus towards smaller segments of buyers with distinct characteristics or behaviours that might require separate marketing strategies or mixes. Segmenting a market consists of ... - dividing the market into distinct groups of buyers (segments) - that are as similar as possible within each segment but clearly distinct from other segments - in order to adapt the company’s marketing-mix to each market segment. Why segment? Buyers in any market differ in their wants, resources, locations, buying attitudes and buying practices. Segmentation allows companies to divide large, heterogeneous markets into smaller segments that can be reached more efficiently and effectively. Segmentation: Bases and variables for segmenting markets Geographic segmentation- Divides buyers into different geographical units such as nations, regions, states, LGAs, cities or even neighbourhoods...
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...incorporate Segmentation, Targeting and Positioning. Segmentation, targeting and positioning is a three stage process. Segmentation describes what kinds of customers exist, targeting describe target market which is best to serve and positioning which describe segmentation by categorizing the products or services for that segment. Segmentation is “the process of defining and subdividing a large homogenous market into clearly identifiable segments having similar needs, wants, or demand characteristics. Its objective is to design a marketing mix that precisely matches the expectations of customers in the targeted segment.” Segmentation try to find out what kinds of different consumers with different needs exist. Segmentation depend on? Gender Age Social class Personal Disposable Income Family life cycle Employment status Marital status / living arrangements and many more. Segmenting consumer markets - Geographic -Demographic -Psychographic -Behavioural There are different kinds of variable which are used for segmentation: -Demographic – to this belong: gender, income, education, location, and family size, ethnic. -Behaviour – some customers are “brand loyal”- customers stay with the brand they are stick to. Some consumers are “heavy” users while other are “light” users. Targeting evaluate the attractiveness of each segment. Defending a target market requires market segmentation, “the process of pulling apart the entire market as a whole...
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...Segmentation, Targeting and Positioning Objectives: 1. To identify and define the three steps in target marketing: segmentation, targeting, and positioning. 2. Understand bases for segmenting consumer markets. 3. To know how to identify attractive market segments. 4. To understand how to position products to gain competitive advantage. Topics for Discussion: 1. Steps in market segmentation, targeting and positioning 2. Bases for segmenting consumer markets 3. Evaluating and selecting market segments 4. Choosing a positioning strategy 5. Developing a positioning statement 6. Communicating and Delivering the Chosen Position Introduction Companies are recognizing that they cannot serve all buyers in the marketplace. There are various types of customers with different needs and buying behavior. Rather than competing in the entire market (mass marketing) companies identify parts of the market that they can serve well and profitably (market segmentation and targeting). Let’s Define the Terms Market Segmentation – dividing a market into distinct groups with distinct needs, characteristics, or behavior who might require separate products or marketing mixes Target Marketing – the process of evaluating each market segment’s attractiveness and selecting one or more segments to enter Market Positioning – arranging for a product to occupy a clear, distinctive, and desirable place relative to competing products in the minds of target consumers. ...
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...need. Likewise, it is just as important to position a product offering in the minds of customers in their target market in a way that consumers understand why the product the company is offering meets their needs better than other competitive offerings (Grewal & Levy, 2014). A marketing plan must be put in place that identifies and evaluates opportunities by performing a marketing segmentation, targeting, and position evaluation. Hands-Free Can Opener Many people have difficulty opening cans due to multiple issues ranging from arthritis to hand pain or those that have weak grip strength. There are manual can openers on the market as well as automatic ones, though these can sometimes not open cans as efficiently and leave cans with extremely sharp edges that can cause injury. A hands-free automatic can opener that cuts from around the rim of the can as opposed to cutting from the top of the can like other openers can alleviate the problem of sharp edges. In addition, the design will be ergonomic in that it fits in the palm of your hand and can be stored in a small drawer where it does not take up counter space like traditional automatic can openers. It will be activated with a push of a button and feature a magnet that holds the top of the can in place to prevent the top from falling into the can once cut. Segmentation In developing a segmentation plan for the hands-free can opener, a company must first have a clear vision and objective that must be derived from...
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...Table of contents | introduction | 3 | | outcome 2 – the concepts of segmentation, targeting and positioning | 3 | §2.1 | macro and micro environmental factors which influence marketing decision | 3 | §2.2 | segmentation creterias for products in different markets | 4 | §2.3 | targeting strategys | 5 | §2.4 | how a byer behaviour affects marketing activities in different buying situations | 5 | §2.5 | new positioning for a selected product/service | 6 | | outcome 3 –elements of the extended marketing mix | | §3.1 | explantion of how products are developed to sustain competitive advantage | 6 | §3.2 | explnation of how distribution is arranged to provide customer convinience | 7 | §3.3 | explnation of how prices are set to reflect an organisation’s objectives and market conditions | 8 | §3.4 | evaluation of how promotional activity is integrated to achieve marketing objectives | 10 | §3.5 | the analyse of the additional elements of the extended marketing mix | 12 | | outcome 4 – use of the marketing mix in different contexts | 14 | §4.1 | the plan of marketing mixes for two different segments in consumer markets | 14 | §4.2 | the illustration of differeces in marketing products and services to businesses rather than consumer | 16 | §4.3 | how and why international marketing differs from domestic marketing | 19 | | conclusion | 21 | | bibliografy and references | 22 | introduction ...
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...MARKET SEGMENTATION, TARGETING AND POSITIONING MARKET SEGMENTATION INTRODUCTION: - The market for any product is normally made up of several segments. A ‘market’ after all is the aggregate of consumers of a given product. And, consumer (the end user), who makes a market, are of varying characteristics user and buying behavior. There are different factors contributing for varying mind set of consumers. It is thus natural that many differing segments occur within a market. In order to capture this heterogeneous market for any product, marketers usually divide or disintegrate the market into a number of sub-markets/segments and the process is known as market segmentation. segmentation Thus we can say that market segmentation is the segmentation of markets into homogenous groups of customers, each of them reacting differently to promotion, communication, pricing and other variables of the marketing mix. Market segments should be formed in that way that difference between buyers within each segment is as small as possible. Thus, every segment can be addressed with an individually targeted marketing mix. The importance of market segmentation results from the fact that the buyers of a product or a service are no homogenous group. Actually, every buyer has individual needs, preferences, resources and behaviors. Since it is virtually impossible to cater for every customer’s individual characteristics, marketers group customers to market segments by variables they have in common. These...
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...Segmentation and Target Marketing Andrew Swanson MKT/571 December 21, 2015 Steven Kraus Segmentation and Target Market Paper “Marketing segmentation and targeting are particularly important for finding customers that are the best match for a business’s products and services” (Suttle, 2014, ¶ 2) This statement speaks directly to the ideal scenario every company hopes to find; one where it’s strengths as a product and service provider are best matched with the client and consumer base most in need of these outputs. When reviewing soft drinks giant Coca Cola, we find a company that specializes in diversity; dominating the world’s beverage market with a wide variety of product choices specifically targeted to the most opportune consumers. The paper that follows will outline several critical market segments used by the company including overviews on demographic, psychographic, geographic and behavioral characteristics of the Coca-Cola Company. Coca Cola’s target markets and the company’s plans for targeting these markets will also be discussed, and a proposed positioning statement for the company will also be introduced. Company Overview Founded in 1886, The Coca-Cola Company is headquartered in Atlanta GA, and “is the world’s largest beverage company, refreshing consumers with more than 500 sparkling and still brands.” (Coca-Cola Company, 2015). Coca-Cola’s mission focuses on consistently transforming its product line to stay in step...
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