...It is institutionalized in social structures and ideologies that men is superior. It is top ranking masculine form in terms of privilege. It posseses all the traits, behaviours and characteristics that a “real man” must have. Being successful, dominant, powerful, and strong allow men to be at the top of the hierarchy of power which exists within masculinity. Hegemonic masculinity is considered to be one of the most powerful ideologies of masculinities (Addis &Mahalik, 2003).Men usually compare themselves to this form of masculinity and this can be only achieved when they have certain qualities such as bravery, competitive and...
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...AND CULTURES TOPIC: SOCIALIZATION 1.0 Definition / Scope Sociologists, Social Psychologists, anthropologists, as well as Educationalists and Politicians use the word “Socialization” in reference to the process through which an individual inherits the norms, customs and ideologies of the social order they live in. Socialization is necessary for making an individual capable of interacting within the society and a society itself shares the common values, customs, norms, traditions languages etc. Socialization is the process whereby the helpless infant gradually becomes a self-aware, knowledgeable person, skilled in the ways of the culture into which she or he is born. Socialization is not a kind of ‘cultural programming’, in which the child absorbs passively the influences with which he or she comes into contact. Socialization is a lifelong process by which one keep learning and developing oneself as a human being. Socialization process is very important as it teaches one to behave in a society. Without socialization, one would not be able to learn the accepted customs, norms, symbols, languages and behaviours. Socialization helps one develop and shape one’s place by learning social skills. Socialization in a layman’s sense is the process of learning from others. This learning process starts right after birth or after the emergence from the womb. It is Socialization that fills the tabula raza mind we come into existence with. Socialization technically starts at...
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...Assignment #1: Male/ Female Socialization Name: Patrius Kerr, Keneel Marshall, Zilpah Joyette, Chrisla Phillips, Varina James, Jozel Morgan Lecturer: Frances Williams Date: 19th October, 2014 MALE AND FEMALE SOCIALIZATION | | | | INTRODUCTION In society, they expect different attitudes and behaviors from males and females. Socialization is the process whereby individuals learn about the culture of their society (Mustapha, Nasser, 2009); this process occurs from the moment individuals are born and continues throughout adult life. Sex refers to the biological characteristics with which we are born. Gender identity, usually learned in early childhood, refers to one’s perception of him or her as either masculine or feminine. Gender socialization is the tendency for boys and girls to be socialized differently. Boys are raised to conform to the male gender role, and girls are raised to conform to the female gender role. A gender role is a set of behaviors, attitudes, and personality characteristics expected and encouraged of a person based on his or her sex. There are many factors in which male and female socialization are influenced by in...
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...The media is the most powerful source of information available to society. News broadcasts influence what society thinks about by perpetually spreading a particular concept or idea to its viewers. As one of the most significant agents of socialization, the media’s coverage and portrayal of crime has significantly marginalized blacks. The media is a structural force, its discourse has a direct impact upon the lives of millions of blacks. Black people’s behaviour in society is affected by the media’s discourse, the aspirations of millions are reduced to a bare minimum because of the media’s racialisation of crime. It is imperative for sociologists to understand the hegemony used by the media, to successfully dismantle prevailing racist beliefs...
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...1. Sociologists are merely interested in how socialization impacts society as a whole and are also concerned with knowing whether every individual in society go through the stages of socialization in a similar way or order and if it is effective in teaching them how to fit into society. When it comes to one 'self', one is constantly evolving. Sociologists seem to have a great interest with how 'self-identity' is acquired and how people begin to develop into their own person. Everyone is different and each individual evolves differently; whether it is physically, mentally or emotionally (which goes without saying). Furthermore, Sociologists view the topic from the sociological perspective "seeing the strange in the familiar", by looking at socialization and digging deep into into how socialization shapes people's lives and every step from childhood to adulthood of how they evolve. Sociologists observe that nothing in society is obvious on the surface. Secondly, when it comes to "depersonalizing the personal", sociologists usually look at the way an individual is growing up and how socialization plays a huge role in it. Such as, gender roles and the ongoing patterns that gender roles have whilst a child is growing older. For example, from a young age, girls play with dolls, have little cooking materials as toys to prep them for the future when they have to perform their maternal duties such as cooking. Girls are also taught that pink is their 'color'. They have pink clothes, pink...
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...duction Socialization is the process by which society integrates the individual and the individual learns to behave in socially acceptable ways this involves learning interpersonal and interactional skills that are in conformity with the values of one's society. the society expects an individual learns to live in accordance with the its expectations and standards, acquiring its beliefs, habits, values, and accepted modes of behavior primarily through imitation, family interaction, and educational systems; it is primarily the procedure by which society integrates the individual. An agent of socialization is an individual or institution tasked with the replication of the Social Order. An agent of socialization is responsible for transferring the rules, expectations, norms, values, and folkways of a given social order. In advanced capitalist society, the principle agents of socialization include the family, the media, the school system, religious and spiritual institutions, and peer groups. It is important to note that our current social order is a tiered social order. It is based on authority, hierarchy, and the differential assignment of value to human individuals (i.e., some individuals like CEOs and presidents are worth more than others). Within this context, individuals receive differential socialization. Those born into the lower tiers receive a socialization process geared to fitting them into the low level, wage based sectors of The System. Those born into the higher...
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...from not speaking, her lack of socialization was apparent in her behavior: She would urinate in unacceptable places, go up to someone in a store and take whatever she liked of theirs, and peer intently into the faces of strangers at close range. Although Curtiss worked with her for several years, Genie never developed language abilities beyond those of a 4-year-old, and she ended up being placed in an institution . The story of Genie shows the importance of socialization in human society. Socialization refers to the preparation of newcomers to become members of an existing group and to think, feel, and act in ways the group considers appropriate. Viewed from the group's point of view, it is a process of member replacement. Such widely diverse situations as child rearing, teaching someone a new game, orienting a new member of an organization, preparing someone who has been in sales work to become a manager, or acquainting an immigrant with the life and culture of a new society are all instances of...
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...Political Socialization is an ongoing process that begins early in life which eventually identifies one’s beliefs and/or expectations in politics. Political Socialization can begin on the playground and continue to the office or the dinner table. A person’s upbringing can have a large impact on political socialization, because children consciously and unconsciously mold a foundation of their parent’s political beliefs. These political views are reinforced throughout their lives. Common agents that have an effect on a person’s political socialization are family, peers, religious influences, political parties, and mass media. There are two distinctive levels of political socialization. There is a primary level which is the subliminal influence (unconscious), and there is the secondary level which is the more formal influences (conscious). The primary level is socialization through family, peers, and social groups. A person is actually unaware that they are being conditioned to think in a particular way...
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...Chapter 6 Functionalists believe the function of media is to entertain. They also socialize us, enforce social norms, confer status, and promote consumption. Agent of Socialization – The media increase social cohesion by presenting a common, more or less standardized view of culture through mass communication. Enforcer of Social Norms – The media often reaffirm proper behavior by showing what happens to people who act in a way that violate societal expectations. These messages are conveyed when the bad guy gets clobbered in cartoons or is thrown in jail on CSI. Yet the media also sometimes glorify disapproved behavior, when it is physical violence, disrespect to a teacher or drug use. Media does also play a critical in human sexuality. Many people object to the widespread availability of pornography on the web. Others are concerned about the way sexual predators use chat rooms to take advantage of children. Conferral of Status – The mass media confer status on people, organizations, and public issues. Whether it is an issue like the homeless or a celebrity. They single out one from thousands of other similarly placed issues or people to become significant. Promotion of Consumption – Twenty thousand commercials a year is the average number of commercials the average child in the United States watches on television. Narcotizing Dysfunction – The phenomenon in which the media provide such massive amounts of coverage that the audience becomes numb and fails to act on the information...
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... which in turn pays taxes on which the state depends to keep itself running. The conflict perspective, which originated primarily out of Karl Marx's writings on class struggles, presents society in a different light than do the functionalist and symbolic interactionist perspectives. While these latter perspectives focus on the positive aspects of society that contribute to its stability, the conflict perspective focuses on the negative, conflicted, and ever-changing nature of society. Unlike functionalists who defend the status quo, avoid social change, and believe people cooperate to effect social order, conflict theorists challenge the status quo, encourage social change (even when this means social revolution), and believe rich and powerful people force social order on the poor and the weak. Conflict theorists, for example, may interpret an “elite” board of regents raising tuition to pay for esoteric new programs that raise the prestige of a local college as self-serving rather than as beneficial for students. 2. List and explain the steps in the scientific method. 1. Defining the problem is the first step in the scientific method and also tries to state the problem as clearly as...
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...U.S. media plays an intricate role in shaping and controlling political opinions. Media is extremely powerful in the sense that without an adequately functioning media, it is virtually impossible for a sophisticated social structure like the U.S. Government to exist. All known sophisticated social structures have always been dependent upon the media’s ability to socialize. The U.S. government generally will exploit the media, often times manipulating the enormous power of the printed word. This exploitation ultimately empowers the U.S. government by strengthening it with the ability to determine and control the popular perception of reality. One way in which government achieves this objective is by misusing the media’s ability to set the agenda. Contrary to popular belief, the media is in fact an enormous power in society. Separate independent news organizations do not exist for the most part. Rather than creating an independent structured agenda of their own, smaller news organizations adapt to a prepared agenda, previously constructed by a higher medium. Based upon this information alone, it is quite apparent that media has the characteristics of a hierarchical rule. In order for the U.S. government to control and determine the public’s popular perception of reality, the government must shape and oversee the information that the media reports to the people. This particular process of democracy is known and referred to by political scientists as cognitive socialization. However...
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...According to the Oxford Dictionary of Sociology, “Socialization” is the process by which we learn to become members of society, both by internalizing the Norms and values of society, and also by learning how to perform our social roles as workers, friends, citizens, and so forth. This process of human development is said to be based on the concept of “Nature vs. Nurture”, that is the comparative importance of heredity (nature) and the environment (nurture) in the causation of human behavior. The mass media, which refers collectively to all media technologies such as the radio, internet, television, film and smart phones, has the ability to constantly communicate messages to extremely large audiences across the globe and therefore is a major influence on the way the environment affects our socialization process. Mass media is a significant force in moderrn culture; sociologists refer to this as mediated culture, were the media reflects and creates culture. Although family is suppose to be the most important agent of socialization the development of new technologies has bridged an increasing gap between the older and younger generations. Newer generations are drawn into the entertaining and appealing world of technology and are being constantly bombarded with messages from a multitude of media sources, these messages not only promote products, but moods, attitudes, and a sense of what is and is not important. With lesser and lesser interaction between the older and younger...
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...Exam I Study Guide 1. Definition and focus of sport sociology. a. Sociology: interaction between groups and their inherent cultures b. Sport sociology: relationship between sport and society by examining its inherent institutions (race, genders…) i. “Sport is a microcosm of society. It mirrors our culture” (drugs, women, scandal) 2. Definition of the following terms: c. Socialization: The process of interacting with other people and learning social customs, morals and values. One becomes socialized by observation, participation, and/or reinforcement . *economics affects socialization more than anything* as well as personal attributes, significant others, and social situation d. Culture: Shared beliefs, values, symbols, ideologies-> changing patterns of learned behavior. (ex. After 9/11 one team, not individual players) (criteria: class, income, gender, age, education, occupation, religion, ethnicity, race, appearance, athleticism) ii. transformation of sport: social roles -> social statuses-> role behavior-> social interaction -> social organization e. Play: Free activity that involves exploring our environment, self-expression, dreaming, and pretending. There are no firm rules, and the outcome of the activity is unimportant. f. Games: an aspect of play that shows more evidence of structure and is competitive. The goals for participating are clear. They are mental, physical, or a combination...
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...Mass media is undoubtedly one of the most powerful agents of socialization; it can influence, change or reinforce not only opinions and ideas, but behavior as well. Numerous accounts in Philippine history show how political and social upheavals have been triggered by exposés of injustice or corruption in radio, TV and newspapers – a testament that media is indeed such a powerful and ubiquitous force, which by no means should be underestimated. For example, radio was best dramatized during the 1986 People Power Revolution . Jaime Cardinal Sin’s appeal to the Filipino people through the Catholic radio station Radio Veritas moved millions to gather in EDSA with the hopes of overthrowing the Marcos regime. Radio and TV are arguably the most common and far-reaching means of relaying messages to the public. The influence of these outweighs the ownership. This is especially seen in rural areas, wherein electricity constraints limit the use and ownership of radio and TV sets, as opposed to Metropolitan areas, wherein ownership of the said appliances are densest. In rural areas, however, the proximity of the households to each other allows these forms of media to be seen and heard by more people, eventually influencing them . In the Philippine context – which is considered to be a highly stratified society – radio, TV and newspapers, are further differentiated according to their target market. Cable TV for example, caters to the upper socio-economic brackets, so do broadsheets...
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...DEFINATION OF TERMS: Sociology; Sociology is the scientific study of human social behavior and human association and results of social activities. Sociologists are concerned with; • the study of social behavior • relationship among social groups and societies • the maintenance of stability and order PURPOSE OF SOCIOLOGY Sociologists develop knowledge on people and on their behaviors and activities in order to better understand societal interactions. Sociologists study the social systems (family, school, church, economy, political, etc) in which individuals fill their roles, people in relation to others. IS SOCIOLOGY A SCIENCE? Sociology is a science, but it is considered a "soft" science, along with psychology. A soft science is anything that is based more on the judgment of the professional than actual facts. Hard sciences are things like nuclear physics and maths. Elements of scientific study of society. • The use of theories in explaining Social phenomenon and human behavior • Conducting of social researches which involves systematic/scientific methods • Analyzing of societal issues using scientific approaches Furthermore using the positivist approach adopted by Marx and Engels enables the establishment of laws of human behavior in the same way natural scientists have established laws of the natural world. Their approach to dialectics was a development of the philosophical theory of Hegel, (1877). ...
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