...Correlations & Scatterplots Paper Introduction The purpose of this paper is to determine if there is a relationship between age and several different activities performed by respondents that participated in a survey conducted by the Statistics class of spring 2010 at the Community College of Philadelphia. Age was the dependent variable I chose. The ages of the respondents ranged from 13 to 80. The survey consisted of 329 respondents. The variables I chose to evaluate were: (1) Hours spent on the internet; (2) Hours spent watching television; (3) Hours spent talking on cell phones; (4) Number of cigarettes smoked daily. I chose each of the independent variables because I was curious to see if there would be a relationship between the dependent variable “age” and each of the independent variables. I suspect that age will play a major factor in each of the variables chosen. Using the Data Analysis Tool in Excel will help me determine if my speculations are correct or incorrect. Speculations I expect that the amount of time spent on the internet would decrease as the age increases. It seems to me; the younger you are the more reason you have to use the internet, for example: for school, for social sites, and just because it seems that this is what most young people do today. I would expect that the amount of time watching television would increase as age increases because younger people tend to spend more time with other activities such as sports as opposed to older...
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...IQ And Mathematical Learning In the article Motivation, Not IQ, Matters Most for Learning New Math Skills, psychologists study math abilities and habits of thirty-five hundred German students from the fifth to tenth grade. Students’ mathematical abilities were evaluated each year using standardized testing. In addition to this students were given an IQ test and surveys that questioned about their attitudes toward math. As the title of this report suggests they found that IQ was not the main determining factor in how well the student’s math abilities grew. Instead IQ was found to be a predictor of initial math skill and studying and motivation where found to be predictors of growth in mathematical abilities. These findings came as a surprise to the researchers who predicted that intelligence measured by IQ would be a strong predictor of mathematical abilities. This article encompasses the main findings of the researchers into a summarization of their findings. This research in this study is credible and believable but the article leaves out some essential information about the findings that could strengthen or weaken the researcher’s argument and allow the reader to develop their own opinion. In this study the independent variable is the student’s IQ and the dependent variable is the student’s mathematical scores/abilities. IQ tests have long been used as a system to measure the intelligence of the testee. Standardized mathematical testing is an accurate method of measuring...
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...Forecasting Models: Associative and Time Series Forecasting involves using past data to generate a number, set of numbers, or scenario that corresponds to a future occurrence. It is absolutely essential to short-range and long-range planning. Time Series and Associative models are both quantitative forecast techniques are more objective than qualitative techniques such as the Delphi Technique and market research. Time Series Models Based on the assumption that history will repeat itself, there will be identifiable patterns of behaviour that can be used to predict future behaviour. This model is useful when you have a short time requirement (eg days) to analyse products in their growth stages to predict short-term outcomes. To use this model you look at several historical periods and choose a method that minimises a chosen measure of error. Then use that method to predict the future. To do this you use detailed data by SKU's (Stock Keeping Units) which are readily available. In TSM there may be identifiable underlying behaviours to identify as well as the causes of that behaviour. The data may show causal patterns that appear to repeat themselves – the trick is to determine which are true patterns that can be used for analysis and which are merely random variations. The patterns you look for include: Trends – long term movements in either direction Cycles - wavelike variations lasting more than a year usually tied to economic or political conditions...
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...because of the difficulty of this subject. These methods should be introduced to the students to improve more in their Mathematical abilities. In PNHS, many students have difficulty in Mathematics, because in this subject it uses more analysis and understanding problems. Math is not easy for the Math teachers, because some students have no interests of this subject; because of its difficulty. Teachers must encourage the students to study this subject. If the students able to study this subject, there is a big possibility to pass or increase their grades. But if the duration of time spent for studying this lesson is not enough, the student’s achievement in their Mathematical ability will be decreased. So, studying is very important to the students. There are so many factors that can affect or cannot affect the Mathematical ability of a student. One factor is watching Television, because it can consume the time of a students for studying their lessons. Another factor is, having not enough allowance, because some students are not interested to go to school if their allowance is not enough. Another is Internet addiction, because they spent their time and money for this, that lead to addiction and the students have lack of interest in studying that will lead for them got low grades. In this study, we will know the factors that can or cannot affect the Mathematical ability of I-Universe and I-Galaxy. Statement of the Problem This study aimed to answer the following questions: ...
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...THE PERSEVERANCE OF INDUCTIVE INFERENCE Pascal Peters 3960463 The Perseverance of Inductive Inference: A battle led by Robert Sugden Pascal Peters Utrecht University School of Economics 3960463 1 THE PERSEVERANCE OF INDUCTIVE INFERENCE Pascal Peters 3960463 Abstract This paper will be a supportive commentary on Robert Sugden’s article ‘credible worlds: the status of theoretical models in economics’. We consider the choice of Sugden to peel away the layers of two very famous models in economics; the ‘market for lemons’ model by George Akerlof and the ‘checkerboard city for racial segregation’ mode by Thomas Schelling. We consider the role of logical empiricism and the econometric revolution on how ...
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...proffs. May emphasize the behavioral perspect. In explaining & treating psycho disordersBehavioralism particuarlly effective against phobias. Present spider to subj. paired w/ positive stim.Eventually, see spider and cognate the positive stim. Humanistic, Maslow & RogersPersonal growth, interpersonal relationships, mental health field emphasisCROSS CULTURAL PERSP.Emerged in 1980sEmphasizes diversity of behavior across cultures and the fact that many earlier findings were not universalSocial loafing (given example) – 1 slacker will make all slackIMPORTANT CULTURAL TERMSEthnocentrism- Belief that one's own culture or ethnic group is superior to all others (DEFAULT)Individualistic Cultures- Emphasize the needs & goals of individals vs. group (USA)Collectivistic culture-Needs and goals of group over individual (Mexico, Japan)Culture refers to the attitude, values, beliefs, and behaviors shared by a group of people AND **communicated from one generation to another.EVOLUTIONARY PERSPEC.Applies princip. Of exolution to explain psychological processesMost adaptive characteristics are perpetuated through natural...
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...students; c) Research methods are often quickly forgotten; d) Several topics relevant to I/0 psychology may not have been covered in previous courses. After studying the material in this chapter the student should be able to: 1. Understand and describe the characteristics of a good research question. 2. Explain each of the major concepts of research design including: variables, setting, generalizability, control, confounding, random assignment, and random selection. 3. Explain what a research design is; Describe different types of research designs as well as list their advantages and disadvantages. 4. Define the basic concepts of measurement. 5. List and describe the types of reliability. 6. Discuss the different ways of assessing validity. 7. Define basic concepts of descriptive statistics. 8. Explain the difference between descriptive statistics and inferential statistics. 9. Explain basic concepts in inferential statistics, especially statistical significance. 10. Report the nature and purpose of meta-analysis. 11. Explain what mediator and moderator variables are; explain the complex relationships they assess. 12. Understand the major principles of research ethics. TESTBANK Multiple Choice Questions 1. The foundation of both the science and practice sides of I/O psychology is a. Generalizability. b. Research. c. Training. d. Statistics. Answer: b Learning Objective: 1...
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...their memories become less fragile, they are able to understand that even when an object is taken out of their view, it still will continue to exist. 1c. Stranger anxiety begins when a child is 8 months of age, and is caused when a child sees a face they are not familiar with, causing anxiety and distress. Object permanence and stranger anxiety may develop in children both at 8 months due to the child being able to recognize when people or things are not in their view, they still continue to exist. As memory becomes stronger in infants they can distinguish adults they are familiar with and those that are “strangers.” 1d. Koleen McCrink and Karen Wynn believe that infants beginning as young as 5-months old can actually recognize simple mathematical scenarios. As they grow older, around the age of 9-months, they are able to also keep track of the difference between two numbers, recognize larger groups of things compared to smaller groups, as well as do small-scale addition and subtraction. Piaget believed that infant’s at 5 months of age did not have the...
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...| A Study on ‘Socio-economic Status of Rickshaw Pullers in Dhaka City’ | Course Name- Business Statistics ( F-503) | | Submitted to:Dr. M. Jahangir Alam ChowdhuryProfessorDept. Of FinanceUniversity Of DhakaSubmitted By:Md. Shafiul Azam (ID#26059)Student of ‘Business Statistics’ Spring, 2014EMBA (Finance) ProgramUniversity Of Dhaka Date Of Submission: 30th April 2014 | 1. Introduction The rickshaw is a small-scale local means of transport. It is generally a pedal-driven vehicle i.e. it is run by human power. But at present rickshaw with an electric motor is available to assist the puller. The rickshaw was built in the 1880s and was first used with regularity starting in 1929 in Singapore. Six years later they outnumbered pulled rickshaws. Cycle rickshaws were found in every south and East Asian country by 1950. By the late 1980s there were estimated 4 million cycle rickshaws in the world. Rickshaw is the most popular mode of transport in Bangladesh and are available for hire throughout the country. Dhaka, the capital of Bangladesh is known as the "Rickshaw Capital of the World". They were introduced here about 1938 and by the end of the 20th century there were 300,000 cycle rickshaws in Dhaka. Approximately 400,000 cycle rickshaws run each day. Cycle rickshaws in Bangladesh are also more convenient than the other public modes of transports in the country namely auto rickshaws, cabs and buses. They are mostly convertible rickshaws with...
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...Business Research RES/351 Business Research With looking to open a new Tattoo shop in the Plymouth area, we need to look at many things before we can open the doors. We must consider our research problem and purpose, our research design, sampling methods, the analysis of our research, and any ethical considerations we need to look at. With this information, we want to see if Plymouth is the right place for us to open our Tattoo shop and it being a profitable location. There are many questions to ask with opening a new tattoo shop, from what is a good location to what our profit margins would be. One-research question to ask is; do we have clientele in the same location as where we want to open our business? This is an important question because even though people are willing to travel to get a quality and personal tattoo, local clientele still account for profits. A second question to ask is; will we gain profit at this location? As in any business, we are in it to make profit, not debt. A third question to ask is; is there competition in the area? We as new business owners need to know if there are any other tattoo parlors in the area where we would like to open up, and if so, what kind of service and body artwork are they offering? Are they the same type of body art we are going to offer our clientele? A fourth question to ask is; what will it cost to open the doors for the first year? The last question is the most important question we need to ask ourselves...
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...UNIVERSITY OF NAIROBI COLLEGE OF EDUCATION AND EXTERNAL STUDIES SCHOOL OF CONTINUING AND DISTANCE EDUCATION DEPARTMENT OF EXTRA-MURAL STUDIES. NYERI EXTRAMURAL CENTRE MASTER IN PROJECT PLANNING AND MANAGEMENT COURSE: LDP 603: RESEARCH METHODS ASSIGNMENT STUDENT; GITHUNDI BEDAN. ADMISSION REF-27086/2013 LECTURER; Dr. Lilian Otieno, Resident Lecturer I am tasked to distinguish between parametric and non-parametric statistics and explain when to use each method in analysis of data. I shall first seek to define what parametric and non-parametric statistics mean and then compare and contrast them in the analysis of data. Parametric statistics is a branch of statistics that assumes that the data has come from a type of probability distribution and makes inferences about the parameters of the distribution. Most well-known elementary statistical methods are parametric. (According to Wikipedia, the online dictionary). In statistical analysis, parametric significance tests are only valid if certain assumptions are met. If they are not, nonparametric tests can be used. A parameter is a measure of an entire population, such as the mean height of every man in London. In statistical analysis, one practically never has measurements from a whole population and has to infer the characteristics of the population from a sample. Generally speaking parametric methods make more assumptions than non-parametric methods. If those extra assumptions are correct, parametric methods can produce more...
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...beliefs for research methods in those areas? Lay out the components of the Runkel and McGrath (1972) Research Cycle and the Martin (1982) Garbage Can Model of the research process. What are the aims of either approach? What assumptions does each approach make? What basic themes does each approach emphasize? What kinds of constraints on the process of doing research does each approach highlight? How are the two approaches alike and different in other ways? What are the likely pitfalls of viewing the research process from only one of these two viewpoints? Define (and discuss important features or issues concerning) the following constructs of Philosophy and Logic of Science. (Define any four terms). 1. Null hypothesis 3. Paradigm 4. Independent variable 5. Operational definition 6. Nomological network 8. The fallacy of affirming the consequent 9. Theory 2. Logical empiricism (positivism) 7. Modus tollens A4. Organizational Studies may be described as either a basic or an applied discipline. From your point of view, is Organizational Studies a basic discipline or an applied discipline, or both? What should it be? When answering this question, be sure to define distinctions between these two types of disciplines. Provide evidence from the...
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...Projection based stereolithography process for 3D biomanufacturing of biomaterials. Abstract Stereolithography is highly versatile and precise process of solid free form additive manufacturing technique. Process requires biocompatible liquid photopolymer resin as a material which is one of the limitation of the process also. Curing liquid resin with a high intensity UV radiations at times causes over-curing which is highly undesirable. In this project, behavior of different biomaterials have been observed under same condition and the results have been plotted and regression analysis for each has been done. The study of graphs and coefficient of determination of process with different materials shows how accurate the process is and it also helps ultimately to conclude the linear relationship between curing depth and exposure time. In any stereolithography case these curing depth and exposure time are chief governing parameters along with critical exposure and penetration depth. 1. Introduction Stereolithography (also known as SL or SLA) builds parts layer-by-layer using a UV laser to solidify liquid photopolymer resins. It is commonly used to produce concept models, master patterns, large prototypes and investment casting patterns. [01] This process is based on spatially controlled solidification of a liquid resin by photo-polymerization. Stereolithography Apparatus which is also known as SLA is chiefly comprised of Ultraviolet laser device, tank full of photosensitive...
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...&r' 1 || i I Test Anxiety Applied Research, Assessment, and Treatment Interventions i I : fet 2nd Edition I « MARTY SAPP m: I H 1 ttTttTtttttrrtiTTITTtrrtttttttttTtrttiTTtrrttTtttTtTTTtttttiTttt TEST ANXIETY Applied Research, Assessment, and Treatment Interventions 2nd Edition Marty Sapp University Press of America, Inc. Lanham • New York • Oxford Copyright © 1999 by University Press of America,® Inc. 4720 Boston Way Lanham, Maryland 20706 12 Hid's Copse Rd. Cumnor Hill, Oxford 0X2 9JJ All rights reserved Printed in the United States of America British Library Cataloging in Publication Information Available Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Sapp, Marty. Test Anxiety : applied research, assessment, and treatment interventions / Marty Sapp. —2nd ed. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and indexes. 1. Test anxiety—Research—Statistical methods. 2. Social sciences—Statistical methods. I. Title. LB3060.6.S27 1999 371.26'01'9—dc21 99—22530 CIP ISBN 0-7618-1386-1 (cloth: alk. ppr.) fc/ The paper used in this publication meets the minimum requirements of American National Standard for Information Sciences—Permanence of Paper for Printed Library Materials, ANSI Z39.48—1984 To my students Preface to First Edition Preface to Second Edition This text is divided into three parts. Part I deals with applied research design and statistical methodology frequently occurring...
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...Skepticism = persistently asking two questions: What do you mean? How do you know? 2. Scientific attitude: being skeptical but not cynical, open but not gullible vi. Humility = an awareness of our own vulnerability to error and an openness to surprises and new perspectives d) Critical Thinking ii. How Do Psychologists Ask and Answer Questions? e) The Scientific Method vii. A scientific theory explains through an integrated set of principles that organizes observations and predicts behaviour or events. viii. Hypotheses ix. We should be aware that it can bias subjective observations x. Operational functions = a statement of the procedures used to define research variables. For example, human intelligence may be operationally defined as what an intelligence test xi. Replicate – repeat xii. Finally – organizepredictionsrevised theory xiii. We can test our hypotheses and refine our theories using … f) Description xiv. The Case Study 3. The case study examines one individual in depth in hopes of revealing things true of us all. 4. Suggest directions for further study 5. Show us what can happen 6. May mislead us if the individual being...
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