...19 July 2014 Need Theories: Comparing Maslow, Alderfer, and McClelland Most theories of motivation revolve around the idea an employee’s needs influence their motivation. Needs are physiological or psychological scarcities that stimulate behavior therefore are necessary to live a healthy, productive lives both in personal and work lives. “If work is meaningless, then life comes close to being meaningless”(Maslow, Stephens Heil 39). These needs, whether weak or strong and are greatly influenced by environmental factors, thus causing human needs to vary over time and place. The general idea behind need theories of motivation is that unmet needs motivate people to placate them. On the contrary, people are not motivated to pursue a satisfied or achieved need. “In general terms, motivation can be defined as the desire to achieve a goal, combined with the energy, determination and opportunity to achieve it”(Compare and Contrast Clayton Paul Alderfer’s Erg Theory of Motivation and Abraham Maslow’s Needs Hierarchy). Let us now consider three popular content theories of motivation: Maslow’s need hierarchy theory, Alderfer’s ERG theory, and McClelland’s need theory. Abraham Maslow, a psychologist, first published his need hierarchy theory of motivation in 1943. According to Maslow, we all have five levels of need. The first, and most basic level is the need for survival or physiological needs, followed by the need for safety, together these two level represent our basic needs....
Words: 1226 - Pages: 5
...“A work organization can be defined as a socially designed unit, or collectivity, which engages in activities to accomplish a goal or set of objectives, has an identifiable boundary, and is linked to the external society. Work organizations are absolutely different from other social entities, which include families, clans, tribes, etc” (John Bratton, Work and organization Behavior, 2007, pg5). Organizational behavior encompasses the systematic study and careful application of knowledge about how people act within organizations. (Wikipedia, October 2010) We need to understand 3 key areas while studying OB (Organization Behavior); they are Personality, Motivation and Leadership. Personality is the total pattern of characteristic ways of thinking, feeling and behaving that constitute the individual’s distinctive method of relating to the environment (Kagan and Havemann, 1976) or the dynamic organization within the individual of those psychophysical systems that determine his characteristic behaviour and thought (Allport, 1964).Personality is explained by various theorists like Jung, Hans Eyesenck, Costa and McRae. Jung has introduced 4 concepts, which are sensation thinking, which includes Practical, down to earth, impersonal, interested in facts, wants order, precision, no ambiguity, values efficiency and clear lines of authority. The next concept is intuition thinking which includes Conceptual and inventive, sees future possibilities through analysis, comfortable...
Words: 3575 - Pages: 15
...Motivation Introduction This essay is about defining Motivation and how it affects employees. Also an explanation of the main the types are to be given. A research on popular Theorist was done to support the definition and types. The researcher recognized what impact motivation has on the workplace and seek to discuss the importance. Theory Motivation is a psychological feature that arouses an individual to act towards a desired goal and elicits controls and sustains certain goal directed behaviors. It can be considered a driving force, a psychological one that compels or reinforces an action towards a desired goal. In other words, a person may have certain needs or wants, and this causes them to do certain things (behavior), which satisfy those needs (satisfaction). Motivation theories can be classified broadly into two different perspectives: Content and Process theories. Content Theories deal with “what” motivates people and it is concerned with individual needs and goals. Process Theories deal with the “process” of motivation and is concerned with “how” motivation occurs.(Ozgurzan, 2013). For this paper the researcher would focus Content Theories. Developing out from the Cognitive Evaluation Theory (CET- Deci 1975) it was stated motivation can be divided into two types: extrinsic (external) motivation and intrinsic (internal) motivation . Extrinsic and intrinsic motivations are two opposing ways to motivate people. Extrinsic motivation deals with motivations...
Words: 1276 - Pages: 6
...Explore how motivation theory has developed over time and assess how motivation can influence business performance Weiyang Mai (Amigo) Table of Contents 1. Introduction 1 1.1 General introduction of Motivation 1 1.2 The definition of Motivation 1 1.3 The benefit of Motivation on the workplace 3 1.4 The development of the theories of motivation 4 2. The introduction of Galanz company 8 3. Motivation in Galanz company 9 4. Conclusion 15 5. List of reference 18 Introduction 1.1 General introduction of Motivation A company is a human body, so employees are like its blood. Employees are the most important asset in the creative economy. Enterprises create a kind of environment to keep the excellent talents which it's the most sensible initiative can carry out. Thus, enterprises must know the skills of employees' motivation and concentrate on motivating employees. It's the required courses about that if enterprise wants to become a successful company. Moreover, how to motivate staff in the workplace is a hot topic to discuss. 1.2 The definition of Motivation Firstly, to put it simply motivation is generalized as "enthusiasm for doing something" (Cambridge dictionary online, 2011). Moreover, Mullins (2005: 471) declares that motivation means "the direction and persistence of action." And identifies three common characteristics of motivation: (1) "individual phenomenon”, (2) “intentional” and...
Words: 4021 - Pages: 17
...ASSESSEMENT 2- INDIVIDUAL ESSAY – TOPIC: EMPLOYEE MOTIVATION INTRODUCTION Employee motivation has become one of the crucial factors as well as a challenge for managers in the present day. A successful manager denotes leading subordinates by proceeding and applying new management procedures (Drumea 2011, cited in Lazaroiu 2015) that is required by organizations for its strategic achievement, which in this case is employee motivation. In the given Fremont plant of General Motors after nearly decades of internal conflicts, The Fremont Plant of General Motors (GM) had encountered bankruptcy. It was reopened and under the collaborative management of Toyota and GM with more effective management practices that were successfully at boosting employee motivation, which was formed as a legal entity, namely NUMMI. Motivation is defined as psychological process that induces employees to contribute to their work and perform “voluntary actions” that directly related organizational goals (Mitchell 1982, cited in Ramlall 2004). According to McShane et.al 2010, employee motivation can be categorized into different foundation of theories regarding how employees can be motivated. The composition will now explain how the alteration in management style reflects these theories. Afterwards, some recommendations will be provided in order to resolve the facing challenges as well as to give more suggestions on how NUMMI management can even further improve. Equity Theory (Adams’s Theory) Firstly, The UAW...
Words: 2516 - Pages: 11
...cation A Classification of Motivation Theories (Content vs. Process) Motivation theories can be classified broadly into two different perspectives: Content and Process theories. Content Theories deal with “what” motivates people and it is concerned with individual needs and goals. Maslow, Alderfer, Herzberg and McCelland studied motivation from a “content” perspective. Process Theories deal with the “process” of motivation and is concerned with “how” motivation occurs. Vroom, Porter & Lawler, Adams and Locke studied motivation from a “process” perspective. 1. Content Theories about Motivation Abraham Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs When motivation theory is being considered the first theory that is being recalled is Maslow’s hierarchy of needs which he has introduced in his 1943 article named as “A Theory of Human Motivation”. According to this theory, individual strives to seek a higher need when lower needs are fulfilled. Once a lower-level need is satisfied, it no longer serves as a source of motivation. Needs are motivators only when they are unsatisfied. In the first level, physiological needs exist which include the most basic needs for humans to survive, such as air, water and food. In the second level, safety needs exist which include personal security, health, well-being and safety against accidents remain. In the third level, belonging needs exit. This is where people need to feel a sense of belonging and acceptance. It is about relationships, families...
Words: 9107 - Pages: 37
...Term Paper Critically discuss the theories of motivation. Driving forces to get admission in the University of Dhaka Course: Principle of Management Prepared for Mr. Masudur Rahman Assistant Professor, Department of Marketing University of Dhaka Date of Submission April 16, 2011 LETTER OF TRANSMITTAL 16 April 2011 Mr. Masudur Rahman Assistant Professor, Department of Marketing University of Dhaka Dear Sir, As per the task assigned by you as term paper, an effort has been made to prepare this presentation paper on “Critically discuss the theories of motivation. Driving forces to get admission in the University of Dhaka” of Principles of Management course. Doing this report has been a very worthwhile experience for me. I have tried to prepare the paper a comprehensive one within given time. Any sort of query will be highly appreciated. There could be some mistakes, if any for some constraints during the process of preparing this report. However, I apologize for all those and beg your kind consideration in this regard. I hope that you would be kind enough to receive this presentation paper and bless me wholeheartedly. Sincerely yours, Mohammad Sharifur Rahman, Student ID No - 41119049 Department of Marketing TABLE OF CONTENTS Parts Page |EXECUTIVE SUMMARY . . . . . . . . . . . .. ……………………………… |4 | | ...
Words: 3556 - Pages: 15
...SKODA SUMMATIVE ESSAY PLAN * Introduction -for the business to grow and be successful, it was crucial that customer perception and the images consumers had of skoda and their values were changed -Skoda’s major turnaround was initiated by the acquisition that took place by VW in April 1991 -Big cultural differences between the two companies so was a challenge to improve it * Training – direct impact on performance of employees -Skoda workers were sent to VW wolfsburg plant for training -However, their productivity did not immediately improve suggesting how great the changes were that needed to be made and how stuck in their own methods Skoda were. - Mullins benefits of training (pg 466 of Naylor) * How employees were managed to achieve greater performance - Motivation theories (see lecture 3 notes) - extrinsic and intrinsic motivation (expectancy valence theory, cognitive and managerial implications) - Reward and punishment - AL DERFER what motivates? – existence, relatedness, growth - maslow, mcclelland - LINK IN TO SKODA * Changed production techniques -Skoda had to change from using ‘flexible, improvisatory’ styles of working to Japanese methods employed by VW, ‘where precise just-in-time processes were required’ -‘foreman was the absolute boss’ – introduced hierarchical system of working - Things started to pick up a year after the takeover and productivity began to increase -QUALITY CONTROL - Red Button of Responsibility technique was...
Words: 953 - Pages: 4
...Essay Question: ‘’The one best way to increase work motivation for an organization is through employee reward schemes’’. Discuss. The main purpose for us to wake up every morning is because of certain responsibilities. This could be anything from cleaning your room to working in a bank or even dropping the kids off at school. We all have them regardless of age, ethnicity, gender, race, religion and other factors. However, the one obligation that is compulsory for each and every individual after a certain age is to earn a living, by the means of working. We all get to a certain stage in our lives when we have to be independent and start supporting ourselves financially and that can only be achieved if we go to work and complete the tasks assigned efficiently. Whether we are doing something that we are passionate about or if it is a nine to five job that people have just to make ends meet or even if it is something in the primary and secondary sector, they all need motivation. Employee motivation plays a key role in management both practically and theoretically. The basic concept of rewarding people is through reward schemes. Even if the work is something an individual is obsessive about, without rewards, pay and other factors the person would lose their commitment towards that particular job. Though there are various different types of ways to motivate employees besides these, they have got their own advantages and disadvantages. Rewarding systems...
Words: 1268 - Pages: 6
...| Qualification | ATHE level 6 Diploma in Management (QCF) | Unit title/name | Unit 6.14 Leadership and Management | Learner’s name | | Learner’s ID | | Deadline for Assignment submission | Wednesday 5:00pm | Tutor | Miss Olusambo Akanbi and Mr Kevin Frazer | Assignment distribution date | 01/12/2013 | Assignment submission date | 15/01/2014 | Feedback date | TBC | | Student’s declarationI certify that the work submitted for this assignment is my own. Where the work of other has been used to supplement my work, this has been acknowledged and referenced.Student’s Signature: _____________________ Date: _____________ | Office Use Only: Date received: Received by: Assessed by: Result: Date recorded and dispatched to student: Table of Content: Task 1…………………………………………………………………………………………………….…..5 Understanding the role and importance of human resource management in achieving organizational effectiveness 1.1 Define strategic human resource management ……………………………………………..............5 1.2 Explain the importance of human resource management in organizations..................................6 1.3 Analyse the framework of strategic human resource management..............................................7 Task 2……………………………………………………………………………………………………...….9 Understanding the formulation and implementation of human resource strategies 2.1 Analyse the strategic human resource process…………………………………………………...
Words: 3908 - Pages: 16
...Explain how expectancy theory; reinforcement theory and equity theory help managers to build an effective pay strategy as part of managing employment relationships Words: 2,695 . Introduction The term ‘employment-relationship’ is interchangeable with others when describing aspects of the overall relationship. According to USQ (2004) this relationship is basically the exchange of work by employees for pay from employers. While the primary relationship is that between the employer-employee, as organisations have evolved, grown in size and number, so too has the diversity of employees, each with their own particular ‘psychological contract’ (Hodgkinson 2003). The purpose of a defined and productive employment relationship is to equitably manage the various relationships, and resolve conflicts (USQ 2004). Breaching this psychological contract potentially will have negative implications for loyalty, motivation, and worker commitment to the organisation (Hislop 2003). This essay will discuss some of the factors in the workplace, which have an effect on the principals at each end of this relationship, and maintaining such diverse relations within a context of equity to each. The objective of business is to increase profits by increasing the effectiveness of production. The Human Resource Management (HRM) activities of an organisation involve the monitoring of this primary employment relationship and the factors that affect it. This essay will discuss the ‘planning’...
Words: 3797 - Pages: 16
...Motivation in the Workplace According to Stephen P. Robins and Timothy A. Judge (2009), motivation may be defined as "the processes that account for an individual's intensity, direction and persistence of effort toward attaining a goal". Hence, motivation is an important factor in every individual's life because no matter the source, motivation leads to positive lifestyle and it will increase employee's efficiency and effectiveness within the workplace. Moreover, it should be clearly understood that the task of every manger in the workplace should be mainly to motivate their internal customers who are the staff, as managers need to get things done through them in order to deliver high quality to external customers. However, although it seems like a very easy term which may be applied by just increasing employee's benefits, it has been clearly noted that not every employee is motivated by the same factors. Hence, in spite of enormous research, the concept of motivation is yet not well comprehended and is sadly practiced as managers fail or simple do not bother to understand the "human nature itself". An understanding of the human nature should be a prerequisite that should be followed by every manager. Researchers have shown that well motivated employees are more likely to be productive and creative. Hence, it contributes to the reduction of turnover in the workplace which may be defined as "the voluntary and involuntary permanent...
Words: 3081 - Pages: 13
...CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION Starbucks Reward Program has found a new way to connect with other customers such as creating an internet site where they can gather information about their rewards and points. Therefore; we will conduct more research about the rewards program that they have, and what will be the good benefits of it for their customers. We will show the kinds of rewards they have and its backgrounds. Thus, this can be a preference for the other Starbucks Patronisers if they still don’t know what other reward programs they can have and what will be the advantages and disadvantages of it. However, these rewards have some misfires that you will know. This study will only occur from August to October 2014. We will only gather first information from the questionnaires and interviews that we will conduct to provide the most accurate information and to prevent false information. Background of the Study Starbucks Reward Program encourages their customers to buy their products because of rewards. Reward programs of Starbucks were created to test the loyalty of their customers. There have been changes about their rewards to test the loyalty of the few. Starbucks Rewards Program also has the capability of giving their customers satisfaction by giving them back the gratitude for buying their products. The purpose of the study is to identify the credibility of the reward program of Starbucks Coffee. Rewards Program of Starbucks also allows customers to access or to track their...
Words: 10698 - Pages: 43
...and challenging work, Set clear targets and expectations and measure performance, Give regular, direct, supportive Feedback, Design people's roles so they can use their strengths, Enable input and choice in how work gets done, Reward them for their work 3. What is the theory of motivation? Motivation is an internal drive that activates behaviour and gives it direction. There is not one but many theories of motivation: Content theories, Process theories 4. If one beautiful girl/ smart boy who is working with you in the same floor and if she/ he is after you and don’t like to work how will you manage her/him? Call him/ her and tell him that I don’t like the person and being a HR professional counsel him and tell the consequences of being like that can affect the career. 5. How do you handle people, if some people come late and some people come regularly? Make the work timings flexible; handle it like a performance issue—show them benefits of coming early. 6. What is meant by culture of an organisation? It is a system of shared value and beliefs held by organizational members that unite the members of an organization and determine how they act. 7. What is Maslow theory of motivation? Maslow's Hierarchy of needs not only identifies five basic needs--it also shows how higher needs are not considered until...
Words: 15317 - Pages: 62
...Human Resource Management, 12e (Dessler) Chapter 12 Pay for Performance and Financial Incentives 1) Frederick Taylor referred to the tendency of employees to work at the slowest pace possible and to produce at the minimum acceptable level as ________. A) social loafing B) systematic soldiering C) human nature D) group shift E) group norms Answer: B Explanation: Frederick Taylor popularized using financial incentives in the late 1800s. As a supervisory employee of the Midvale Steel Company, Taylor was concerned with what he called "systematic soldiering"—the tendency of employees to work at the slowest pace possible and to produce at the minimum acceptable level. Diff: 1 Page Ref: 434 Chapter: 12 Objective: 1 Skill: Concept 2) Which of the following terms refers to financial rewards paid to workers whose production exceeds some predetermined standard? A) indirect financial payments B) merit payments C) hardship allowance D) financial incentives E) human capital Answer: D Explanation: Financial incentives are financial rewards paid to workers whose production exceeds some predetermined standard. Indirect financial payments are a type of employee compensation that includes health benefits. Diff: 1 Page Ref: 434 Chapter: 12 Objective: 1 Skill: Concept 3) A management approach based on improving work methods through observation and analysis is known as ________. A) strategic management B) scientific management C) management process D)...
Words: 11105 - Pages: 45
