...1 Extraversion Numerous researchers contributed their own particular perception see in portraying "extraversion," Barrick and Mount (1991) if watchwords to depict the extraversion identity qualities as sociable,talkative, touchy, gregarious, light and solid disapproved of person. Moreover Goldberg (1990); Watson and Clark (1997) depict extraversion as energetic, spontaneous, positive, informative and eager. Essentially, Erdheim, Wang and Zickar (2006); Costa and McCrae(1992); Connolly and Viswesvaran (2000); DeNeve and Cooper (1998) and Judge et al. (2002) depicted the expression "extraversion," as esteem, control, social affirmation, charge, passionate duty, rehearsing confirmed, ecstatic identity and compelling analyser. Every one of these...
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...The Big-Five Trait Taxonomy: History, Measurement, and Theoretical Perspectives Oliver P. John and Sanjay Srivastava University of California at Berkeley Running head: Big Five Trait Taxonomy Final draft: March 5, 1999 Author's Address: Oliver P. John Department of Psychology University of California, MC 1650 Berkeley, CA 94720-1650 W: (510) 642-2178; H: 540-7159; Fax: 643-9334 Email: ojohn@socrates.berkeley.edu; sanjays@socrates.berkeley.edu To appear in L. Pervin and O.P. John (Eds.), Handbook of personality: Theory and research (2nd ed.). New York: Guilford (in press). 2 Taxonomy is always a contentious issue because the world does not come to us in neat little packages (S. J. Gould, 1981, p. 158). Personality has been conceptualized from a variety of theoretical perspectives, and at various levels of abstraction or breadth (John, Hampson, & Goldberg, 1991; McAdams, 1995). Each of these levels has made unique contributions to our understanding of individual differences in behavior and experience. However, the number of personality traits, and scales designed to measure them, escalated without an end in sight (Goldberg, 1971). Researchers, as well as practitioners in the field of personality assessment, were faced with a bewildering array of personality scales from which to choose, with little guidance and no overall rationale at hand. What made matters worse was that scales with the same name often measure concepts that are not the same, and scales with different...
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...Psychology, School of Philosophy, Psychology and Language Sciences, University of Edinburgh, 7 George Square, Edinburgh EH8 9JZ, Scotland, UK Received 12 May 2004; received in revised form 16 July 2004; accepted 17 January 2005 Available online 2 March 2005 Abstract GoldbergÕs (2001) IPIP Big-Five personality factor markers currently lack validating evidence. The structure of the 50-item IPIP was examined in three different adult samples (total N = 906), in each case justifying a 5-factor solution, with only minor discrepancies. Age differences were comparable to previous findings using other inventories. One sample (N = 207) also completed two further personality measures (the NEO-FFI and the EPQ-R Short Form). Conscientiousness, Extraversion and Emotional Stability/ Neuroticism scales of the IPIP were highly correlated with those of the NEO-FFI (r = 0.69 to À0.83, p < 0.01). Agreeableness and Intellect/Openness scales correlated less strongly (r = 0.49 and 0.59 respectively, p < 0.01). Correlations between IPIP and EPQ-R Extraversion and Emotional Stability/Neuroticism were high, at 0.85 and À0.84 respectively. The IPIP scales have good internal consistency and relate strongly to major dimensions of personality assessed by two leading questionnaires. Ó 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. Keywords: Personality; IPIP Big-Five factor markers; Validation * Corresponding author. Tel.: +44 131 651 1685. E-mail address: alan.gow@ed.ac.uk (A.J. Gow). 0191-8869/$ - see front matter...
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...Factor Model-FFM) and Transformational Leadership Yunita Agustian Minjalnis (1121200127) Fatima Al-Qadhibi (1121200083) Aurora Noor Aisa (1121200128) Vasantakumaren Seri Ramalo (1111200145) Assoc. Prof. Dr. Chong Chin Wei – DBA/PhD/MPhil Malaysia 26th December 2012 MULTIMEDIA UNIVERSITY INTRODUCTION Are you born to be a leader? Are you a “natural”? Or is leadership a set of behaviors and competencies that anyone can develop, given the right experiences, circumstances, and training? Since the 1960s, researchers have examined whether there is a relationship between the basic agreed-on factors that make up personality and leadership. The Big Five personality factors are Conscientiousness, Agreeableness, Neuroticism, Openness, and Extraversion, which some researchers have labelled the CANOE personality model as an easy aid to remembering each factor (Bligh, 2009). As Tejeda (2001) asserts, “the past two decades have witnessed a great deal of scholarly attention transformational leadership behavior, which is currently the most widely accepted leadership paradigm” (as cited in Rubin, Munz, & Bommer, 2005, p.845). Transformational leadership behavior represents the most active/effective form of leadership, a form in which leaders are closely engaged with followers, motivating them to perform beyond their transactional agreements. Barling, Weber, and Kelloway (1996) demonstrated that some transformational leadership behaviors can be trained. Thus, an understanding of the role of...
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...by various theorists over the years, such as Allport (1961) who describes personality as ‘a dynamic organisation, inside the person, of psychophysical systems that create the person’s characteristic patterns of behaviour, thoughts and feelings.’ In other words, a personality is a synthesis of our behaviours under present circumstances which allows us to combine what we know from our past experiences and allows us to make predictions regarding our future behaviour. The term ‘behaviour’ here encompasses all actions and emotions which we might experience. The ‘Big Five Personality Traits’ as they are collectively called, are comprised of the five following traits: openness to experience, conscientiousness, extraversion, agreeableness and neuroticism. According to McCrae and Costa, human personality can be categorized separately along each of these five scales, which are graded from the 0 – 100th percentile. Since no two person can have the same score across all five scales, this test takes the uniqueness of each human personality into account. Discussion Recently, I myself have taken the test as part of my individual assignment for my Personality Development class. In my opinion, the test does tell the truth about me, to a certain extent. Although I cannot attest to the degree of accuracy of the percentiles of the test to my personality traits, I can, however, say that I generally agree with the conclusions reached in the test with regards to my own personality...
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...Running Head: Online Game Addiction Perception of and Addiction to Online Games as a Function of Personality Traits Searle Huh University of Southern California and Nicholas David Bowman Michigan State University Online Publication Date: April 26, 2008 Journal of Media Psychology, V 13, No. 2, Spring, 2008 Abstract With the growing popularity of online video games, there have been anecdotal reports suggesting that these games are highly addictive, with some gamers spending in excess of 40 to 50 hours per week playing. Thus, research into the individual characteristics that lead to excessive play is warranted. This paper examines two individual variables – personality and perceptions of media – and explores how they relate to online game play, specifically online game addiction. By presenting a revised metric for online game addiction, this paper explores the relationship between addiction and both personality and perception. Online addiction is presented in this paper as a process addiction with four unique factors: perceived social sanctions, excessive play, uncontrollable play, and displacement. Both personality and perception are found to be significantly associated with online game addiction. These results are interpreted and discussed, and future research direction is suggested. Keywords: online game addiction, Big Five personality traits, media perception, MMOs Perception and Addiction of Online Games...
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...Running Head: Online Game Addiction Perception of and Addiction to Online Games as a Function of Personality Traits Searle Huh University of Southern California and Nicholas David Bowman Michigan State University Online Publication Date: April 26, 2008 Journal of Media Psychology, V 13, No. 2, Spring, 2008 Abstract With the growing popularity of online video games, there have been anecdotal reports suggesting that these games are highly addictive, with some gamers spending in excess of 40 to 50 hours per week playing. Thus, research into the individual characteristics that lead to excessive play is warranted. This paper examines two individual variables – personality and perceptions of media – and explores how they relate to online game play, specifically online game addiction. By presenting a revised metric for online game addiction, this paper explores the relationship between addiction and both personality and perception. Online addiction is presented in this paper as a process addiction with four unique factors: perceived social sanctions, excessive play, uncontrollable play, and displacement. Both personality and perception are found to be significantly associated with online game addiction. These results are interpreted and discussed, and future research direction is suggested. Keywords: online game addiction, Big Five personality traits, media perception, MMOs Perception and Addiction of Online Games as a Function of Personality Traits ...
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...of the study that explored the relationship between personality traits, type or motivation, and goal specific cognitions as antecedents of degree performance amongst undergraduate students. The studies used several methods in order to produce the results that were discovered. In the area of personality traits the five factor model was utilized. In the breakdown of types of motivation the researchers determined their findings by using the self-determination theory. Lastly when it came to goal specific cognitions the results were formulated by that of the theory of planned behavior, also referred to as the TBS. Throughout the article that was presented there seemed to pose more then just one hypothesis. Phillips, Abraham, and Bond first hypothesized that the theory of planned behavior measures would predict final degree results. The next thing that Phillips, Abraham, and Bond hypothesized was that intention would be the most important predictor of final marks. The three gentlemen also expected that perceived behavioral control, attitude, and subjective norm would be strong correlates of intention to get a good degree. The last but certainly not least thoughts they hypothesized was that good-student identity and anticipated regret would explain further variance in intention. In order to perform this study Phillips, Abraham, and Bond originally had asked one hundred and sixty five students ranging from the ages of twenty to forty nine to participate in the study. Out...
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...Psychometric properties of the Hungarian version of the original and the short form of the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS) ágostoN gyollai1, péter simor2, fereNc Köteles3 1 2 aNd zsolt demetrovics1 Institutional Group on Addiction Research, Institute of Psychology, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary Department of Cognitive Sciences, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Budapest, Hungary 3 Institute for Health Promotion and Sport Sciences, Eötvös Loránd University, Faculty of Education and Psychology, Budapest, Hungary Aim: Psychometric properties of the Hungarian version of the original and the short form of the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS) were investigated in the present study. Methods: Participants were undergraduate university students (N=1163) and patients visiting their General Practitioners (GPs) for various somatic complaints (N=466). Results: According to the confirmatory factor analysis, both versions showed adequate fit to the theoretical one-and-one (positive and negative affect) factor model. Internal consistency coefficients (Cronbach-alpha values) were above .8 for the original positive and negative scales, .73 and .79 for the short positive scale, and .65 and .67 for the short negative scale in the student and the patient groups, respectively. The correlations between the original 10-item subscales and their 5-item counterparts were above .9 in both groups. Conclusion: The short PANAS scale represents...
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...[pic] Dipartimento di Economia e Finanza Cattedra di Marketing Personality Traits and Prosocial Behavior: How Subjective Characteristics May Impact on Consumption Habits Relatore Candidato Prof. Alberto Marcati Giovanni Riefolo Matricola 163531 Anno Accademico 2012/2013 SUMMARY Chapter 1 1.1 A Destructing Species ……………………………………………………........… 2 1.2 The Need For Sustainability And The Green Economy …………………………………………………….…………….….. 5 1.3 A Deeper Insight ………………………………………….……………………….… 8 Chapter 2 2.1 The Extension of The Self Related to a Consumer’s Personality Traits …………………………………………………. 15 2.2 Personality Tests And Dimensions …………………………………………... 19 Chapter 3 3.1 The Survey: Methodology and Outcomes………………………….……… 34 3.2 Technical Analysis And Evaluations …………………………………..…..…. 41 Chapter 4 4.1 Political Insight And Social Normalization ………………………………….. 47 4.2 Conclusions ……………………………………………………………….………..…….. 54 Bibliography ……………………………………………………………………………….………………….. 57 CHAPTER 1 1.1 A DESTRUCTING SPECIES Starting from the 20th century, the human being experienced a tremendous growth, thanks to the introduction of the first automated technologies in the industrial sector (such as the first production chain invented by Ford for mass scale production), along with the huge improvements that...
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...9/18/2015 9/18/2015 Stephane Ludovic Marie ID:11300880 Stephane Ludovic Marie ID:11300880 MGT200 Assignment 3 MGT200 Assignment 3 Contents Introduction 2 Personality 2 Personality determinants 2 Personality Related theories 3 Five Key Factor Model 3 Hypothesis 3 Conclusion 3 Reference List 3 Introduction For many decades, there has been an ongoing debate about the usefulness and validity of personality measures in selection contexts. While some authors believe that those instruments lack validity, others recommend their use as a selection instrument. There is plenty of literature available on this topic, but it is fairly controversial (Alvesson 2002). For the purpose of this report; job performance concerns the attitudes, information and skills that are desired to facilitate one to perform the tasks listed in the job description by the organization; of which task performance includes one’s behaviour that involves in the conversion of organizational resources into finished goods and services. Organizations worldwide use performance appraisal as a means to ensure the job performance of workers, moreover personality measures recently have received considerable attention in the employee selection process since personality of an individual is closely linked with the process of job or work performance. The relationship between personality and the level of job performance is dependent on the environment in which he/she is working (Alvesson 2002). It is...
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...Personality Theory Course : Organizational Behaviour Course Code: MBA507 Section: 1 Submitted To: Dr. Nasreen Wadud Adjunct Faculty, Business Administration Department East West University Submitted By: Md. Faysal Ahmed ID: 2013-1-95-110 Mahmudul Hasan ID: 2013-1-95-031 Niaj Mahmud ID: 2013-1-95-055 Md. Samiul Islam Chowdhury ID: 2013-1-95-076 Submission Date: 24.08.2013 TABLE OF CONTENTS Front Matter 2-5 Preface 2 Learning Objectives 3 Scope of the Project 3 Methodology 4 Limitations 5 I. Introduction 6-12 Introduction to Personality Theory 6 What is a Theory 7 Why Different theories 11 II. Theories of Personality 12-116 Psychoanalytic Theory 12-25 Humanistic Theory 25-43 Trait and Factor Theories- Big Five Factors 43-57 Biological and Genetic Theories 58-62 Social Cognitive Theory 62-87 Holistic-Dynamic Theory 88-116 III. Conclusion 116-117 Final Thoughts 116 Summary ...
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...In psychology, personality traits could be explained from many aspects, and one of them describes personality traits as categorizations of people’s particular characteristics (Burger, 1997) while others hold opposite ideas that personalities are more unique and different for each individual depending on his or her peculiar life experience. The former idea relates itself to nomothetic approach, which is a quantitative approach that studies personalities that people share in common to find out a general law that applies to everyone. The nomothetic approach suggests that people show universal traits and that personality traits are consistent within humans. Gordan Allport first brought up this approach to understand personality in 1930s, and after that, many theories has been conducted from it. Individual’s personality indicates behaviour, thus the accuracy of the indication of individual’s personality and behaviour in nomothetic approach decides the validity and effectiveness of the approach. Thus the statement that “ the nomothetic approach is the most effective way to understand an individual’s personality” can be critically evaluated by testing the validity of predictions of the theories. As mentioned above, there are two commonly accepted approaches to understand individual’s personality. The idea that people’s personalities are unique brings the idiographic approach that investigates individuals in personal and in-depth details. According to idiographic approach, each person’s...
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...Conceptual, Historical and Contemporary Issues in Psychology Evaluate the use of the Construct of Personality in Modern Life Broadly speaking personality can be defined as patterns of behaviour, thoughts and feelings. Accordingly a person’s behaviour allows us to infer future behaviour and describe how we differ from each other (Pervin & John, 2001). Today the use of personality is widespread and can be seen in many areas of modern life such as clinical, health, educational, occupational and forensic settings. For this reason, in the western world personality is viewed as an important aspect or characteristic of a person, which people are forever seeking advice on how to change and improve (Brody & Ehrlichman, 1998). The use of psychological tests attempting to measure individual differences related to occupational behaviours have been used for over 60 years (Furnham, 1992). Frequently, they are used for selection and appraisal due to the vast number of applicants, the high costs of interviewing and the necessity for objective, comparative data (Hogan, Hogan & Roberts, 1996). Recent research in personnel psychology has relied on meta- analysis to develop generalizations about personality characteristics that are characteristic of success in job- related contexts. Accordingly, relating measures of the Big Five to job performance measures suggest that conscientiousness is the personality trait that is consistently related to measures of work- related performance (Barrick...
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...Performance of Garment Factory Workers in Relation to Personality Traits and Work Related Attitudes Abstract The purpose of present study was to investigate the relationship of job performance of the garments factories workers with personality traits and work related attitudes. Five hundred two workers were selected purposively as respondents. In order to measure the variables of the present study, the Bengali versions of big five personality test, job involvement scale, organizational commitment scale, employee job performance scale were administered on the respondents. Seven hypotheses were formulated to test in the present study. Data were analyzed by applying Pearson product correlation and stepwise multiple regression methods. The results of correlation matrix indicate that there are significant positive relationships of job involvement, organizational commitment, and job performance with four factors (openness to experience, extraversion, agreeableness & conscientiousness) out of big five personality factors. Result also shows that there is a significant negative relationship of job performance with neuroticism. Results of stepwise multiple regression analyses suggest that conscientiousness, neuroticism and openness to experience are three predictors where conscientiousness is the strongest predictor which alone explains 46.3% of variance as well as these three variables account for 52.7% of variance in job performance. On the other hand job, work related attitude...
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