...THE EFFECT OF AFFECT ON FOREIGN LANGUAGE LEARNING: A REVIEW OF THE ANXIETY RESEARCH Thomas Scovel University of Pittsburgh Although studies of the relationship between affective factors and language learning proficiency abound in the literature, the evidence to support such a relationship is difficult to interpret. Much of the problem resides in the fact that a wide range of variables are lumped together under the rubric “affect.” An attempt is made to ameliorate this situation by defining affective variables in terms of traditional psychological theory and classifying them as a subset of those variables intrinsic to the learner. The conflicting evidence dealing with one important affective variable, anxiety, is then examined, and it is shown that ambiguous experimental results can be resolved if the distinction between facilitating and debilitating anxiety is drawn. Further classificatory distinctions are discussed from the abundant experimentation undertaken by applied psychologists, and an attempt is made to consider the implications of some of this research for adult language learning-for some of the new methodologies in EFL as well as for future research opportunities. Affective Variables One does not have to delve deeply into the literature on the relationship between affective variables and second language learning to discover that “affect” is a cover term under which is swept a wide range of disparate constructs and behaviors. Included under the...
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...GOFF, ANNE-MARIE, Ph.D. Stressors, Academic Performance, and Learned Resourcefulness in Baccalaureate Nursing Students. (2009) Directed by Dr. David F. Ayers. 135 pp. Despite extensive research establishing that stress affects problem-solving ability and coping, and leads to decreased learning, academic performance, and retention in nursing students, a paucity of research explores specific factors that could enhance these learning processes and outcomes. This explanatory correlational study examines the mediating effect of learned resourcefulness, the ability to regulate emotions and cognitions, on the relationships of stressors—both personal and academic—to academic performance in baccalaureate nursing students. Gadzella’s Student-life Stress Inventory (SSI) and Rosenbaum’s Self-Control Scale (SCS), a measure of learned resourcefulness, were administered to 53 junior level baccalaureate nursing students (92.5% female; 84.9% Caucasian; 9.4% African-American or Black) at a large urban university in North Carolina. High levels of both personal and academic stressors were revealed, but were not significant predictors of academic performance (p = .90). Age was a significant predictor of academic performance (p < .01) and both males and African-American/ Black participants had higher learned resourcefulness scores on the SCS than females and Caucasians. Total stress scores on the Student-life Stress Inventory showed that male participants perceived less stress (N = 4, M = 116.5)...
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...COPING STRATEGIES OF FOURTH YEAR STUDENTS DURING EXAMINATIONS IN SANTA ROSA SCIENCE HIGH SCHOOL YEAR 2011-2011 A thesis presented to the faculty of Polytechnic University of the Philippines In partial fulfillment of all the requirements on RH 630 Research Seminar I Master in Educational Management By Ms. Jesusa G. Habig Summer 2011 Chapter I THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND Introduction In schools, every student guaranteed to have tests. Unfortunately, many students do not handle the stress taking exams well. Despite what some people might think, all stress is not bad. How students cope with stress is different story. If the student is able to take exam stress, feeling and forcing oneself to act in a positive way, such as studying effectively, stress can be good. Not coping well with exam stress however can make attending school difficult. Learned resourcefulness theory suggests that people high in resourcefulness can minimize the negative effect of stress on their performance, therefore they can do better than less resourceful individuals under stressful conditions (Rosenhaum, 1990). The purpose of this study is to determine the coping strategies of fourth year high school students of Santa Rosa Science and Technology High School during examinations and to investigate the effects of coping strategies on students’ satisfaction and academic achievement. It will help students and teachers have a satisfying teaching and learning relationship. ...
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... The Nature of Procrastination: A Meta-Analytic and Theoretical Review of Quintessential Self-Regulatory Failure Piers Steel University of Calgary Procrastination is a prevalent and pernicious form of self-regulatory failure that is not entirely understood. Hence, the relevant conceptual, theoretical, and empirical work is reviewed, drawing upon correlational, experimental, and qualitative findings. A meta-analysis of procrastination’s possible causes and effects, based on 691 correlations, reveals that neuroticism, rebelliousness, and sensation seeking show only a weak connection. Strong and consistent predictors of procrastination were task aversiveness, task delay, selfefficacy, and impulsiveness, as well as conscientiousness and its facets of self-control, distractibility, organization, and achievement motivation. These effects prove consistent with temporal motivation theory, an integrative hybrid of expectancy theory and hyperbolic discounting. Continued research into procrastination should not be delayed, especially because its prevalence appears to be growing. Keywords: procrastination, irrational delay, pathological decision making, meta-analysis Procrastination is extremely prevalent. Although virtually all of us have at least dallied with dallying, some have made it a way of life. Estimates indicate that 80%–95% of college students engage in procrastination (Ellis & Knaus, 1977; O’Brien, 2002), approximately 75% consider themselves procrastinators (Potts, 1987)...
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...Keeping Others in Mind: The Very Social Cognition of Asian Managers Zhixing Xiao* Steven K. Su** 1 Introduction Do we need a separate model of psychology to describe how Asians process information in the managerial context? Do Asian and Western managers evaluating the same business decision take fundamentally different paths and reach different conclusions? One view might hold that just as the rules of mathematics are identical in the East and West, the rules of analysis in business will tend to be very similar, and hence no special differentiation is necessary for the Asian context. We suggest that while business organizations in each culture engage in similar behavior, there are nonetheless deep social differences that pervade how information is processed. We offer as an analogy the difference between dining in China and dining in the West. In both contexts, the major activity of the patrons is to receive a meal in exchange for payment. Aside from the fact that the food in these restaurants tastes different, many differences in venue reflect different social beliefs and assumptions. In the West, restaurants are usually equipped with rectangular tables, often suitable for two to four people, at which the diners randomly take seats. In China, it is more common to have large round tables that allow each individual to directly face a large number of compatriots. Seats around the table are not random, but instead have hierarchical status: those facing the door are usually...
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...These related literature and studies cover the topics such as personality, behavior, social learning, and mental health. A. Foreign Literature Humanistic Psychology According to Crooks and Stein (1988), humanistic psychology differs from both the psychoanalytic approach and behaviorism in that it does not view humans as being controlled by either event in the environment or by internal, irrational, and unconscious forces. Humanist psychologists, most notably Abraham Maslow (1908-1970) and Carl Rogers (1902-1987), de-emphasize the influence of both stimulus-response events and unconscious processes in determining human behavior. Instead, they emphasize the role of free chance and our ability to make conscious rational choices about how we live our lives. Humanists also believe that people have a natural inclination to strive to fulfill their potential, a process called self-actualization. Although many of humanism’s major tenets are just as difficult to rest objectively as are the concepts of psychoanalysis, many psychologists respond favorably to this movement’s optimism. Humanism has increased psychologists’ awareness of the importance of such things as love, feeling needed, personal fulfillment and self-esteem. Behavior Brady, et. al. (1963) said that behavior about past performances is verbal responses which are based on past behavior. The discriminative stimulus is an item of the individual’s past performance, and verbal response is reinforced if it is of the same form...
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...Borderline Personality Disorder Name of Student Course name Date of submission Borderline Personality Disorder Literature Review The literature review first presents the evolution of Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD) over the past 60 years, highlighting the shift from psychodynamic perspectives to that of biological and environmental determinates. Diagnostic classification of BPD is then examined, and subsequently discussed in terms of sectors of psychopathology that serve to demarcate the disorder. Next, dominant contemporary aetiologies of BPD are discussed, leading to an examination of comorbidities and the prevalence of BPD across populations. The focus of the review shifts to an examination of BPD in university students, commencing with treatments that are both efficacious and suited for delivery in a university context. Then, management of BPD related behaviours on campus are discussed in terms of the role of university staff in providing assistance to students with BPD. The chapter concludes with a summation of considerations in assisting university students with severe symptoms of BPD while on campus The development of the Borderline construct Reliable and valid differentiation of the borderline construct has proved elusive. The phenomena was initially reported in psychodynamic literature in the 1930’s, however was not distinguished as a syndrome until 1953 (Knight, 1953). Indeed, the use of the term ‘borderline’ arguably represents a misnomer due to its association...
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...Annu. Rev. Psychol. 2005. 56:485–516 doi: 10.1146/annurev.psych.55.090902.142105 Copyright c 2005 by Annual Reviews. All rights reserved First published online as a Review in Advance on June 21, 2004 WORK MOTIVATION THEORY AND RESEARCH AT THE DAWN OF THE TWENTY-FIRST CENTURY Gary P. Latham Rotman School of Management, University of Toronto, Ontario M5S 3E6; email: latham@rotman.utoronto.ca Craig C. Pinder Faculty of Business, University of Victoria, British Columbia V8W 2Y2; email: cpinder@uvic.ca Key Words needs, values, goals, affect, behavior ■ Abstract In the first Annual Review of Psychology chapter since 1977 devoted exclusively to work motivation, we examine progress made in theory and research on needs, traits, values, cognition, and affect as well as three bodies of literature dealing with the context of motivation: national culture, job design, and models of person-environment fit. We focus primarily on work reported between 1993 and 2003, concluding that goal-setting, social cognitive, and organizational justice theories are the three most important approaches to work motivation to appear in the last 30 years. We reach 10 generally positive conclusions regarding predicting, understanding, and influencing work motivation in the new millennium. CONTENTS INTRODUCTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . MOTIVATIONAL FRAMEWORK . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...
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...com/cgi/alerts Subscriptions: http://jom.sagepub.com/subscriptions Reprints: http://www.sagepub.com/journalsReprints.nav Permissions: http://www.sagepub.com/journalsPermissions.nav >> OnlineFirst Version of Record - Jun 26, 2013 What is This? Downloaded from jom.sagepub.com at Jonkoping University Library on November 11, 2013 493325 research-article2013 JOMXXX10.1177/0149206313493325Journal of Management / Month XXXXKlotz et al. / New Venture Teams Journal of Management Vol. XX No. X, Month XXXX 1–30 DOI: 10.1177/0149206313493325 © The Author(s) 2013 Reprints and permissions: sagepub.com/journalsPermissions.nav New Venture Teams: A Review of the Literature and Roadmap for Future Research Anthony C. Klotz Oregon State University Keith M. Hmieleski Texas Christian University Bret H. Bradley Lowell W. Busenitz University of Oklahoma As entrepreneurship research has matured, scholars have increasingly recognized that the formation of new ventures is commonly accomplished by teams as opposed to lone entrepreneurs. Over the past two decades, the upper echelons perspective has served as the primary lens for investigating new venture team functioning and performance. However, researchers have begun to move beyond the relationship...
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...guide is correct at time of publication. The University has the right to change any of the elements contained in this document at any time. Last updated: 19 Feb 2016 Table of contents 1 Table of contents Unit handbook information 4 Synopsis 4 Mode of delivery 4 Workload requirements 4 Unit relationships 4 Prerequisites 4 Prohibitions 4 Co-requisites 4 Chief Examiner 4 Unit Coordinator(s) 5 Tutor(s) 5 Academic overview 5 Learning outcomes 5 Teaching approach 5 Unit schedule Assessment summary 7 8 Second marking 8 Return of final marks 8 Exam viewing 8 Assessment criteria 9 Assessment requirements 9 Hurdle requirements 9 Participation 9 Assessment tasks 9 Examination(s) 13 Extension and penalties 13 Returning assignments 14 Resubmission of assignments 14 Referencing requirements 14 Assignment submission 14 Feedback 15 Learning resources 16 Required resources 16 Technological requirements 16 Q Manual 17 2 Recommended resources Other information 17 17 Policies 17 Graduate Attributes Policy 18 Student Charter 18 Student Services 18 Monash University Library 18 Disability Support Services 18 Other unit information 18 3 Unit handbook information Synopsis Students gain an understanding of factors affecting the...
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... NOTE: This specific book is a requirement of the course *Additional reading or video assignments will be made throughout the course. Course Description Explores the scientific approach to the study of psychological phenomena, human development, learning and thinking, motivation and emotion, perception, testing and measurement, personality and behavior. Course Objectives The primary objective of this course is to provide a general overview of the major areas of psychology by discussing basic terms, concepts, principles, and methods of psychology. This class will provide you with an introduction to the following areas of psychology: the history of psychology, personality, learning, human development, stress, abnormal psychology, psychotherapy, research methods, intelligence, and social psychology. In addition, I want you to understand these major areas of psychology and apply concepts learned in class to everyday life via the development of critical thinking skills and effective study strategies and habits. This course is also meant to prepare those taking classes for which PSY 1101 is a prerequisite. Student Learning Outcomes The successful completion of this class will enable you to: o Acquire the fundamental vocabulary of the social-science sub-discipline of psychology by recognizing and recalling the basic definitions of psychological concepts, theories, and methods...
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...attitudes toward mathematics as positive or negative and also associated mathematics anxiety. A theoretical model with different combinations of images, anxieties, and attitudes toward mathematics can be a helpful tool to develop an understanding of the different relationships among them. Some pedagogical implications can be drawn from these relationships. Key Words: Image of mathematics, Mathematics anxiety, Attitude toward mathematics, Affect in mathematics education Introduction How do students perceive mathematics in schools? What are different images of mathematics that students perceive? How these images impact their learning? What is math anxiety? What are the causes of math anxiety? What is the relation of image of mathematics as perceived by students with math anxiety? What are different attitudes toward mathematics? How these attitudes impact learning mathematics? How images, anxieties and attitudes are related to each other? How do they form the personality of students in terms of mathematics? There are a number of past studies on images, anxieties, and attitudes towards mathematics, but none of them clearly discuss the relationship or interaction among...
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...ACHIEVEMENT OF TEACHER – TRAINEE Dr. Khushvinder Kumar, Principal, B.C.M. College of Education, Ludhiana, Punjab, India E-mail address: drkhush01@gmail.com Ramanjeet Kaur, D.A.V. Public School, Ludhiana, Punjab, India e-mail address: specialeducation09@yahoo.in ABSTRACT: The present study analyses if there is any significant difference in the Academic Achievement, Emotional Intelligence and Family Environment of male and female teacher-trainees. It also studies if there is any significant relationship between Academic Achievement and Emotional Intelligence; Academic Achievement and Family Environment; Emotional Intelligence and Family Environment of teacher-trainees. Sample consisted of 145 B.Ed. students (61 males and 84 females) selected randomly from four education colleges of Ludhiana district. Descriptive survey method of investigation was used in the present study. t-test and Karl Pearson’s correlation was used to find out the differences of male and female teacher-trainees on the three variables and relationship of Academic Achievement with Family Environment and Emotional Intelligence and further the relationship between Family Environment and Emotional Intelligence . Findings of the study reveal that Emotional Intelligence is gender- biased whereas Academic Achievement is not. Male and female teacher-trainees differ significantly on Cohesion and Acceptance and Caring dimensions of Family Environment while they do not differ significantly...
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...Copyright 1998 by the American Psychological Association, Inc. 0022-3514V98/S3.00 Journal of Personality and Social Psychology IW8, Vol. 74, No. 4, 865-877 The Relation Between Perception and Behavior, or How to Win a Game of Trivial Pursuit Ap Dijksterhuis and Ad van Knippenberg University of Nijmegen The authors tested and confirmed the hypothesis that priming a stereotype or trait leads to complex overt behavior in line with this activated stereotype or trait. Specifically, 4 experiments established that priming the stereotype of professors or the trait intelligent enhanced participants' performance on a scale measuring general knowledge. Also, priming the stereotype of soccer hooligans or the trait stupid reduced participants' performance on a general knowledge scale. Results of the experiments revealed (a) that prolonged priming leads to more pronounced behavioral effects and (b) that there is no sign of decay of the effects for at least 15 min. The authors explain their results by claiming that perception has a direct and pervasive impact on overt behavior (cf. J. A. Bargh, M. Chen, & L. Burrows, 1996). Implications for human social behavior are discussed. behavior in line with the activated constructs (see also Carver, Ganellen, Froming, & Chambers, 1983; Neuberg, 1988). For example, priming participants with the stereotype of the elderly made participants walk more slowly than participants who were not primed (Bargh, Chen, & Burrows, 1996, Experiment...
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...idealibrary.com on Mood and Emotions in Small Groups and Work Teams Janice R. Kelly Purdue University and Sigal G. Barsade Yale University Affective influences abound in groups. In this article we propose an organizing model for understanding these affective influences and their effects on group life. We begin with individuallevel affective characteristics that members bring to their groups: moods, emotions, sentiments, and emotional intelligence. These affective characteristics then combine to form a group’s affective composition. We discuss explicit and implicit processes through which this affective combination occurs by examining the research on emotional contagion, entrainment, modeling, and the manipulation of affect. We also explore how elements of the affective context, such as organizationwide emotion norms and the group’s particular emotional history, may serve to constrain or amplify group members’ emotions. The outcome, group emotion, results from the combination of the group’s affective composition and the affective context in which the group is behaving. Last, we focus on the important interaction between nonaffective factors and affective factors in group life and suggest a possible 2001 Academic Press agenda for future research. During the past century, a tremendous amount of research attention has been devoted to understanding the structure and performance of small groups The order of authorship was determined by coin toss. Both authors contributed...
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