...Media Terms & Definitions A, B •Average frequency •The average number of times an individual or household is exposed to a station, program or advertisement. •Average frequency can be calculated by dividing the total TARP’s of a schedule by its unduplicated reach. Let us assume a schedule delivers 320 rating points and that this schedule gives an unduplicated reach of 80%. •Average Frequency = 320/80 = 4.0 •i.e. in other words the 80% of people exposed to the schedule were on average exposed 4.0 times. •Formula: Total TARP’s = Average Frequency Reach % •Audience •Generally taken to mean the number of people who have had an opportunity to see, hear or read an advertising message. •Billboard •An identifying announcement of sponsorship at the beginning, end, or in advertising breaks of radio and television programs. C •Cumulative Audience •Also referred to as “Reach”, it is the net unduplicated audiences of a burst or campaign. It can be expressed as a percentage of the target audience or in thousands. •Continuity •A method of scheduling advertising so that audiences have the opportunity to see ads at regular intervals. There is a great variety of patterns that could be used from advertising every day, to one programme each week. •CPM •CPM is an acronym for Cost per Mille, derived from the Latin ‘mille’ meaning thousand, therefore Cost per Thousand. This is the cost of reaching one thousand members in the specified target audience. The formula is similar to that used...
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...Definition of Success Throughout Life In the Meriam Webster dictionary, success is defined as a favorable or desired outcome (Success). Despite this, success’s perceived meaning is accomplishing one’s goals or making one’s dreams a reality. It is important to note that one’s personal definition of success can determine one’s maturity and ideals. However, on a personal level success is tricky to define as it changes through one’s life. Another bump in defining success is that it is different for every individual. It largely depends on the circumstances of one’s upbringing as well. For a child, success is generally small scale and achievable in a single day. One example is their ability to convince their parents to buy them toys. Friendship is also a big way they define success. How much they learn in elementary and preschool is how they might define success as well. Throughout a child’s early life, this small view of success is largely uniform and does not expand until they enter high school. Success’s definition changes and starts to vary from person to person for the first time when they enter high school. For the scholarly, academics determine whether they are a success. Others, namely the athletes, define success as how well they do in sports. Finally, there are the nerdy who define success, as having more...
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...Public Relations Defined Jason E. Green MKT 438 January 20, 2013 Robert Etter Public Relations Defined The purpose of this paper is to define public relation and identify some reasons why so many different definitions exist in our modern society. As well as to categorize the different definition and how they interrelate. The initial thoughts that were gathered regarding public relation is that it is a planned process to stimulate the thinking of an audience by offering a solid character that displays sound judgment, which is achieved by a communicating with the audience to persuade there thinking. As further research were conducted the idea that few words can define such a broad concept became infrequent, which demonstrated that further research and in-depth thinking was necessary. Although common thinking would align marketing with public relations the two seem like separate ideas and ideals that once harmoniously aligned can translate in a successful image campaign. According to Fraser P. Seitel one of the most ambitious searches for a universal definition was conducted and commissioned in 1975 by the Foundation of Public Relation Research and Education. The leaders in the field of public relations analyzed 472 different descriptions and explanation and offered an 88-word sentence: “Public relations is a distinctive management function which helps establish and maintain mutual lines of communications, understanding, acceptance, and cooperation between an organization...
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...experienced in life about popularity is that it can take about 10 seconds to be considered unpopular. Anything a person can say or do can lead their fate down to unpopular or up on the popularity charts. As humans, we are constantly in a state of mind that causes us to point out the differences in someone. This emotion is completely normal, but it becomes a problem when someone begins to classify someone in separate groups. A countless number of people have thought that idea of separation is strongly influenced by the supported segregation that took place from the early 1800s to the late 1900s. This idea is quite vague, but as this social segregation continues, we most definitely see this theme staying extremely consistent. The clinical definition of being popular is to be liked, admired, or enjoyed by many people or by a particular person...
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...Information Literacy There are sources on the internet that contain various definitions about information literacy. According to Wikipedia, information literacy is defined as “the ability to know when there is a need for information, to be able to identify, locate, evaluate, and effectively use that information for the issue or problem at hand” (Wikipedia, 2014). There are many areas that relate to information literacy including literacy in the media, computer, critical thinking skills, and traditional literacy. In today’s modern world and age, information literacy is becoming an important set of skills required for someone to be able to identify information needed and having the ability to locate, evaluate, and effectively utilize the needed information. Moreover, “information literacy has emerged as a distinct skill set and a necessary key to one’s social and economic well-being in an increasingly complex information society” (Wikipedia, 2014). There are sources such as the Big6 that have helped to standardize the process of information literacy. I came across a periodical database about Big6 by the Month, explaining helpful and effective procedures in refining information needed and identifying that information if it is relevant and credible. The Big6 is a form of literacy standard, divided into 6 information problem-solving steps. Those steps are Task Definition, Information Seeking Strategies, Location & Access, Use of Information, Synthesis, and Evaluation. It is...
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...are always all dolled up with big hair and pounds of makeup on to perfection? Well, these are not the things that I think of when I hear the word Texan. Texans are often depicted, especially by the media, as being racist hicks who don’t understand technology and ride horses to work and school; yet Texans are just like everyone else. To prove it, this paper will consider different definitions of the term Texan and how Texans really are. In the Oxford dictionary it shows that the definition of Texan is a person or animal native to or inhabiting Texas. This definition is completely factual but leaves out a few things about Texans. In the Urban dictionary there are several definitions that people have written about Texans. The one that describes a true Texan is “someone with a sense of pride in their home state. Someone who, although they may not wear boots and ten-gallon hats, still feels like a cowboy. A Texan sticks to his word, and is generally polite and friendly, but wont take shit from anyone. Not all Texans are from Texas, for example John Wayne, and not all those from Texas are Texans. A Texan is also a person who can use the word y’all correctly, know that phrases like “yep” and “I tell you what” are sentences in themselves, and knows what real Mexican food is”. This definition really describes what it means to be a Texan. The term Texan is often associated with words like racist, redneck, and uneducated. Like other states our people are mixed with different personalities...
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...Part 1 Destructive cults defined within literature Much of what American society has come to understand or know about cults has been depicted by the media in controversial headlines and television dramas which primarily have been depicted on a negative note. Therefore, it is important to establish that not all cults are negative or destructive nor are they technically considered cults, but are rather labeled due to their unorthodox views. Over the years the definition of a cult has shifted and is used differently depending on the perspective or the context in which it is used, in North America there are three general perspectives used in relation to knowledge about cults; religious perspective, sociology and academic theology, and the mental health field, (Tapper, 2005). Based on each perspective or specialization is how the different definitions are used; in particular, religious conformists define a cult as any group or religion that deviates from traditional religious scripture, those who study cults find the term judgmental and prosecuting to those whose belief system is different, and lastly is the perspective from former cult members, their families, and the mental health professionals who treat them who do not focus on the belief of a group rather on the specific behaviors that violate human rights and cause harm (Tapper, 2005). For the purpose of this research paper, the focus will be on destructive cults from a mental health perspective. A destructive cult is defined...
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...of the study of victimology. Furthermore, this paper will explain and evaluate the development of victimology as a field of study, in a broad sense this paper aims to acknowledge where the field of victimology originated and how it has developed and in addition this paper involves a general overview of the victim’s role in various systems of justice throughout history. Defining the concept “victimology” Defining the concept victimology is tricky because different people define victiomology in different ways, there is no universally accepted definition of victiomology, however for the purpose of this paper one broad definition of victimology will be used but not necessarily meaning that this paper does not acknowledge that other definitions do exist. Victimology refers generally to the scientific study of victims and victimization, including the relationships between victims and offenders, investigators, courts, corrections, media, and social movements ( Karmen 1990 ). Defining the concept “victim” The origin of victimology The origin of victimology can be traced back to several articles, books, and research projects initiated by criminologists during the 1940s and 1950s. According to Walklate (2007) victimology's roots are often attributed to Mendelsohn, Hans von Hentig, Stephen Schafer, and Marvin Wolfgang, in other words the origin of victimology lies in the hands of Mendelsohn, Hans von Hendig, Stephen Schafer, and Marvin Wolfgang. To add, according to Walklate...
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...maintenance, use and disposition of records, including the processes for capturing and maintaining evidence of and information about business activities and transactions in the form of records". The ISO defines records as "information created, received, and maintained as evidence and information by an organization or person, in pursuance of legal obligations or in the transaction of business". The International Council on Archives (ICA) Committee on Electronic Records defines a record as "a recorded information produced or received in the initiation, conduct or completion of an institutional or individual activity and that comprises content, context and structure sufficient to provide evidence of the activity." The key word in these definitions is evidence. Put simply, a record can be defined as "evidence of an event". Records Management is the storage preservation and retrieval of information in the shortest possible time.(MUDD) Records management is very important for the use of storing document this topic was thought in Office Administration. The United States Department of Defence standard DoD 5015.02-STD defines Records Management as "The planning, controlling, directing, organizing, training, promoting, and other managerial activities involving the life cycle of information, including creation, maintenance (use, storage,...
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...it is being loved, the other is being loved because it is such as to be loved.” There were plenty of gods in time of Socrates and Euthyphro but what is liked or disliked by gods was decided by man.When Socrates and Euthyphro encountered in the court, the first thing they asked was "Why he is here?".Socrates was charged by being impious and Euthyphro was charging his father because his father did something impious.In this case, what Socrates did was not believing what all people believe and this action was considered as impiety but, Euthyphro was sending his father to death because his father killed somebody and what Euthyphro was doing is considered as the right thing, even if his father commited crime.In the dialogue we see how the definition of piety and impiety changes from beginning to end of the dialogue.To analyze the question and to understand the difference between god-loved and piety, we should handle the situations from both Socrates' and Euthyphro's point of view. Firstly, Socrates was prosecuted, indicted in his words, because of being impious."An action or a man dear to the gods is...
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...This short paper will cover the trait of independence, and it will answer a few questions posed to look at the trait of independence from a few different angles. These angles include personal definitions of the trait and how a person should be able to demonstrate that trait. The paper will cover how the AICPA looks at Independence, how the State of Texas vies this trait, and a look at a current article showing the impacts of the trait independence. Upon the conclusion of this paper the reader will have a better understanding of how independence in accounting is defined and how to identify it As we see defined in our class text on page 162 is that independence is defined as, "the state of mind that permits the performance of an attest service without being affected by influences that compromise professional judgment, thereby allowing an individual to act with integrity and professional skepticism. To appear to be independent, the CPA should avoid circumstances that might cause an informed third party to reasonably conclude that the integrity, objectivity, or professional skepticism of a firm or member of the audit (attest) engagement team has been compromised." Within the frame work of my own personal definition I define independence as having the ability to have both the personal courage and institutional ability to analyze, state conclusions, and act in the best interests of the public. As pulled from http://www.tsbpa.state.tx.us/firms/alt-business-structure.html on...
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...Logos which he defines as the Being of all beings, One, One which is all, Life.” As previously stated, this is a very cryptic definition that takes much deeper thought than simply reading off the page. Despite being cryptic, this vague definition gives a strong guideline to the basic idea of philosophy while still giving the reader an opportunity to interpret the definition in their own way. This definition shines light on both the basic idea of philosophy while also showing that everyone will interpret philosophy in their own way. By saying that philosophy is the One which is all, it shows that each individual person makes up a greater being which is Life. Each individual person provides their own interpretation based on their own lifestyle and past. Therefore, philosophy is the sum of all lives that can only be defined with the sum of everybody’s views and opinions. With this is mind, philosophy will be ever changing as people grow older and more people are brought into the world. What is most important about this definition is that it is timeless. This definition can be interpreted by anyone from any background and any time in history. So, although the language is very cryptic, it can still be interpreted from anyone and is a solid core principle to think about and to base their own interpretation on. It by no means gives us the full definition of philosophy, but is a great idea to work off of for all...
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...Definition of marketing One could pose a simple request like “Define Marketing” and you would have a barrage of answers as unique as the individual defining the word. For this paper I will present two definitions, as well as present my personal definition or understanding of the marketing. To begin, Merriam-Webster Dictionary defines marketing as “the process or technique of promoting, selling, and distributing a product or service” (Merriam-Webster, 2012). This definition is clear and pretty simple to comprehend. Next, the class textbook, Marketing Management, defines marketing as “the process of planning and executing the conception, pricing, promotion, and distribution of ideas, goods, and services to create exchanges that satisfy individual and organizational goals” (Kotler, 2012). This definition lends a more academic view, but still is comprehendible and simply stated. After reading and reviewing the above definitions, I have come to my own personal definition. Marketing, as defined by Carla Posey, is the process which encompasses everything involved with the purchasing and selling of services and goods. This includes all work and research to effectively satisfy the needs and wants of the consumer. Importance of Marketing Marketing is important because it is the little voice to the consumer that says “hello, I know you need me and I want to give it to you”. A successful company has caught your attention and you have shown appreciation by buying into that brand. This is...
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...barriers to entry. How to apply the resource based view: Definitons: It resources include all assets, capabilities, organizational processes, firm attributes, information, knowledge etc. controlled by a firm that will help its efficiency. This will be broken down into human, physical and organization resources. A sustained competitive advantage when it is implementing a value creating strategy not simulteously being implemented by any current or potential competitor and when these other firms are unable to duplicate the benefit of this strategy. Not on calendar time. Critique * Priem and Butlers critique to 1991 paper states it is tautological (it is true in all possible interpretations). That’s its primary assertions are true by definition, and, thus not subject to empirical tests. Can also be said about Porters assertions between the relationship between industry attractiveness and firm performance can be reduced in tautology by observing that firms in attractive industry’s will outperform firms in unattractive industries and by defining industry attractiveness in terms of the ability for firms to outperform well. Not only does positioning and...
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...answer. When first working with a client, I ask, “What is your definition of your leadership?” Invariably, a pause follows. The eventual response is sometimes tentative, confused, or incomplete. This happens with new and experienced leaders, in large companies and in start-ups. Only a few people have a solid answer. Not many leaders have a clear, concise, concrete definition of what being a leader means to them. The eminent leadership scholar Ralph Stogdill observed, “There are nearly the same number of leadership definitions as there are people who have attempted to define it.” Here are just a few perspectives: * “The first job of a leader is to define a vision for the organization…the capacity to translate vision into reality.” (Warren Bennis) * “Leadership is a series of behaviors rather than a role for heroes.” (Margaret Wheatley) * “Leadership: the art of getting someone else to do something that you want done because he wants to do it.” (Dwight D. Eisenhower) It is no wonder then, that a ready answer is not on the lips of every leader. But the lack of a compelling, individual definition can be a serious defect. Why Define Your Leadership? When asked, “Why should I have a definition for my leadership?” I answer, “What is the cost of not understanding the foundation of your leadership? What is the cost of not knowing your core? If you do not define your leadership, who will?” A definition provides meaning; meaning reveals purpose; and meaning and purpose...
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