...Law and Media. QUESTIONS: 1.) Discuss how the Kenya Information and Communications (Amendment) Act 2013 and the Media Council Act 2013 of the laws of Kenya are a threat to the freedom of the media enshrined in the constitution of Kenya. 2.) Justify the basis for which some works may not be eligible for copyright. Q.1) Discuss how the Kenya Information and Communications (Amendment) Act 2013 and the Media Council Act 2013 of the laws of Kenya are a threat to the freedom of the media enshrined in the constitution of Kenya. The Kenya Information and Communications (Amendment) Act 2013 and the Media Council Act 2013 are a threat to the freedom of the media enshrined in the constitution of Kenya. This is because it contravenes Article 34 of the constitution on media freedom that stipulates: 1.) Freedom and independence of electronic, print and all other types of media is guaranteed, but does not extend to any expression specified in article 33(2) 2.) The state may not a) Exercise control over or interfere with any person engaged in broadcasting, the production or circulation of any publication or the dissemination of information by any medium; or b) Penalize any person for any opinion or view or the content of any broadcast, publication or dissemination. 3.) b) Are independent of control by government, political interests or commercial interests. This two Acts ,The Kenya Information Communication (Amendment) Act and...
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...Kenya Communications Amendment Act (2009) Progressive or retrogressive?1 by ptah Association for Progressive Communications (APC) September 2009 1 This report was written as a part of APC’s Communication for influence in Central, East and West Africa (CICEWA) project, which is meant to promote advocacy for the affordable access to ICTs for all. CICEWA seeks to identify the political obstacles to extending affordable access to ICT infrastructure in Africa and to advocate for their removal in order to create a sound platform for sub-regional connectivity in East, West and Central Africa. This was possible thanks to Canada's International Development Research Centre (IDRC). Contents Preface.................................................................................................................3 1. Introduction.......................................................................................................4 2. Background to ICT policy making in Kenya.............................................................5 3. To regulate or not to regulate the media in Kenya? ................................................6 3.1. A failure of media responsibility? ....................................................................6 3.2. Key media concerns.......................................................................................7 3.2.1. Section 88: Inheriting the problem ..........................................................7 3.2.2. Enforcement...
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...Management and Strategic Competitiveness Assignment 1 Executive summary The Kenya Broadcasting Cooperation is a state cooperation in Kenya which was established by the act of parliament in 1961 and named as Voice of Kenya and later Kenya Broadcasting Corporation (KBC) in 1964 by another act of parliament .One of the core objectives of the corporation was to offer radio and television communication services to the nation and was the main media house that the government used to convey official information to the nation. This included informing the public of the government developmental strategies so that the entire nation could back up the government to achieve its goals (Godard, 123-167). For a long time, the cooperation enjoyed state protection against competition until recent when the government finally lifted the barriers in the communication industry. Today, the main challenge facing the Kenya Broadcasting Cooperation is serious competition from other upcoming media houses such as Citizen Radio and Television, provided by the Royal Media Services and owned by a private investor called S.K Masharia. Since the corporation is owned and financed by the central government, it has been at a stable position in the competitive market due to the low quality services offered since it was not motivated by making profit. Today, the corporation has lost many customers to other media house and still faces a bevy of challenges such as workers strikes and managerial problems...
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...Sample Paper Topic: Crime Victims in Kenya: An Investigation into the Neglect Of Victims of Crime. A Case Study of Bungoma Killings By Rotich Oliver Kangogo Date: 09/05/2014 Contacts: 0729 770 432 Email: oliver.rotich@yahoo.com CRIME VICTIMS IN KENYA: AN INVESTIGATION INTO THE NEGLECT OF VICTIMS OF CRIME. A CASE STUDY OF BUNGOMA KILLINGS Victims of crime, especially murder are hugely and to a greater extent forgotten by the criminal justice system. By victims I stand to recognize the primary and the secondary victims of crime. Primary victims are those that are directly harmed by the criminal activity while the secondary victims are the family, friends and relatives of the deceased. The only ’justice’ provided to them is the incrimination and incarceration of the perpetrator and little or no reparation and neither sometimes. It is rather ignored that this victims suffer social, psychological and financial effects as a result of the crime which harms them even much more. There are no well-known or formal institutions that firmly stands for the needs of the victims. If they do exist, they are mainly part of the efforts by Non-Governmental Organizations. The Witness Protection established by the Constitution has not effectively turned up as there are constant cases of victimization both by the society and the institutions of criminal justice. The only effort by the government is the establishment of the popular commissions of inquiry which in most cases...
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...ITRODUCTION In an attempt to understand ‘new media’ and politics we need to define what ‘new media is and what politics is. First we start by defining politics. According to Mansoor Maitah, Politics, in the broadest sense, is the activity through which people make, preserve and amend the general rules under which they live. Lasswell also defines politics as the process of who gets what, when, and how. He believes that politics is the process of allocating scarce values. He comes up with this equation; politics = allocation values (resources) wealth status power. By definition ‘new media’ according to Marshall McLuhan (1980) generally refers to the digital media which is interactive, incorporate two- way communication and involve some form of computing as opposed to ‘old media’ such as telephone, radio and TV. However there is a thin line between ‘old media’ and ‘new media’. This is because the ‘old media are getting digitized and some have consolidated with some ‘new media’ forms. Therefore we surround the term ‘new media’ with quotation marks to signify that they are digital interactive media. Without the quotation marks we generally are denoting media which is new to the context of discussion. To illustrate this, TV at is invent was new media and therefore cannot be said to be ‘new media’. Also parts of the world that have not received certain types of media will call them new media when introduced to them. GAGETRY DEFFERETIATION FROM THE PLAT FORMS.-TO BE DONE VIRTUAL...
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...UNITS COVERED SECTION 6 Advanced Taxation Advanced Auditing and Assurance Advanced Financial Reporting UNITS COVERED SECTION 5 YEAR 2014 CPA PART III: SECTION 5 YEAR 2013 CPA PART II: SECTION 4 UNITS COVERED SECTION 4 ÿ Taxation ÿ Company Law ÿ Quantitative Analysis Year 2012 CPA PART II: SECTION 3 SECTION 3 ÿ Financial Reporting. ÿ Financial Management. ÿ Management Information Systems YEAR 2008 – 2009 CPA PART I: SECTION 1 & SECTION 2 SECTION 2 ÿ Cost accounting. ÿ Economics. ÿ Auditing and Assurance SECTION 1 ÿ Financial Accounting. ÿ Introduction to Law. ÿ Entrepreneurship and Communication YEAR 2006 – 2007 ATC Intermediate Level & Final Level Intermediate level: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Introduction to Financial Accounting Introduction to Law Entrepreneurship and Communication Principles of Management Business Mathematics/statistics Final level: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Financial Accounting Fundamentals of Information Communication Technology Cost Accounting Taxation Auditing COMPUTER SKILLS YEAR 2007 Computerized accounting & computer certificate 1. Quick books 2. Pastel 3. Sage YEAR: 1999 – 2002 Merigi High School Kenya Certificate of Secondary Education (KCSE) YEAR: 1990 – 1998...
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...TASK. 1. Discuss five challenges facing ESD in Kenya. 2. Highlight any five key factors of ESD in Kenya and discuss the teaching approaches used by them. Introduction Education for sustainable development aims at preservation of environmental integrity economic viability and a just society for present and future generations.ESD addresses these objectives through the establishment of broad teaching and learning process that emphasizes and interdisciplinary and holistic approach that promotes critical and creative thinking in education. In order to ensure that everyone gets this knowledge several actors play very vital roles in promoting education for sustainable development. Actors of ESD 1. Government agencies like NEMA, TARDA etc. It defines what type of information is needed and how this information will be used. The government provides information of ESD through workshops, seminars and trainings where policy makers will share issues pertaining to education for sustainability development. For instance, NEMA Provides technical resources and the know how in managing pollution. This is done through seminars and workshops organized to educate people on the essence of a clean and healthy environment. For example, conservation of wetland seminar held February 2016 in Kericho County. The government has also provided resources used in promoting ESD such as adopting of information technology. This facilitates efficient and effective communication between...
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...happens next?” As human beings, it is certainly possible to only look at the perspective of death that our particular culture is familiar with, and to let that obscure the views of others around the world. In Africa, death is a little more complicated. Placing the focus on one country in Africa, Kenya is a land that is still divided by tribal differences, differences that have been in place since written record itself is known about this region of the world. Death in Kenya raises a few questions, just as it does in places like Chicago, or Venice, or any small town in rural Kansas. These questions were far more involved after the death of lawyer Silvano Melea Otieno in 1986. “SM”, as the man’s name is abbreviated, was born a member of the Luo clan or tribe, but upon marriage with is wife Virginia, a Kikuyu tribe member, threw Kenya for a loop in ways he could never have imagined (Cohen; Odhiambo, 1992). The problem that was really a deep-seeded threat in this situation was a case of pluralism, or a diversity of views. An intense legal battle ensued, and through all of the laws and smoke and mirrors, Silvano Melea Otieno was finally buried in his home region of Nyamila. The laws of ethnic and traditional ties wound up victorious in this clash, even though it was widely known that Otieno and his wife lived their lives separate from society norms. SM should not have been forced to been laid to rest in Nyamila, freedom of...
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...TASK. 1. Discuss five challenges facing ESD in Kenya. 2. Highlight any five key factors of ESD in Kenya and discuss the teaching approaches used by them. Introduction Education for sustainable development aims at preservation of environmental integrity economic viability and a just society for present and future generations.ESD addresses these objectives through the establishment of broad teaching and learning process that emphasizes and interdisciplinary and holistic approach that promotes critical and creative thinking in education. In order to ensure that everyone gets this knowledge several actors play very vital roles in promoting education for sustainable development. Actors of ESD 1. Government agencies like NEMA, TARDA etc. It defines what type of information is needed and how this information will be used. The government provides information of ESD through workshops, seminars and trainings where policy makers will share issues pertaining to education for sustainability development. For instance, NEMA Provides technical resources and the know how in managing pollution. This is done through seminars and workshops organized to educate people on the essence of a clean and healthy environment. For example, conservation of wetland seminar held February 2016 in Kericho County. The government has also provided resources used in promoting ESD such as adopting of information technology. This facilitates efficient and effective communication between...
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...for the cooperation they accorded me during the long hours I spent at their libraries. This work would have made no sense with the input of The Daily Nation Newspaper’s news editor Eric Shimoli and Senior reporter John Ngirach as well as the Standard’s Foreign Editor Andrew Kipkemboi and Senior reporter Cyrus Ombati. Through candid interviews these respected journalists gave me invaluable information. Finally I would like to express special thanks to all the other people, whose names are not listed here, for their help and willingness to explain their opinion, and to share their stories. ABSTRACT The study is a content analysis of The Daily Nation and The Standard newspapers in Kenya; the two leading dailies with widest range of coverage. It examines how the print media covered the Kenyan military incursion into Somalia in 2011. Content analysis was supplemented by in-depth interviews from the editors of both newspapers under study and journalists who covered the incursion. The results show that the Daily Nation had the highest number of...
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...Contents ABSTRACT 2 INTRODUCTION 3 The Major Tribes in Kenya 4 Situational Analysis 4 EFFECTS OF TRIBALISM ON SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT 5 Inability to fight corruption 5 Distrust 5 Underdevelopment 6 Suppression of justice 6 Disintegration of interrelation ties 6 EFFECTS OF TRIBALISM ON ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT 8 EFFECTS OF TRIBALISM IN POLITICAL DEVELOPMENT IN KENYA 11 CONCLUSION 13 RECOMMENDATIONS 13 BIBLIOGRAPHY 14 ABSTRACT This report discusses extensively the impact of tribalism on social, economic and political development in Kenya. This has been done by objectively looking at the challenges that these important sectors are facing as a result of the negative ethnicity or tribalism that Kenya is notorious for. In order to put into perspective and to qualify the ideas expressed in this report many historical and contemporary examples have been presented. The report also contains recommendations made by the group with regards to what needs to be done to overcome this problem. INTRODUCTION A tribe is a group of individuals who possess a common ancestry, language, culture and sometimes-geographical area. Kenya boasts of 42 indigenous tribes spread across the country. Tribalism is the selfish use of this commonness to deny or dispossess others who are not of the same tribe of their rights and access to opportunities and resources in society. It is the act of favouring those from one’s tribe be it in social, public or economic decisions and discriminating...
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...Constitution of Kenya was promulgated on 27 August 2010 after a period of more than twenty years in the making. The 2010 Constitution of Kenya marks the outcome of an arduous journey, necessitated by a constitutional development history that began during the pre-colonial period. Several issues have been a recurring theme, having found expression in the Independence Constitution; they underwent modifications during the ensuing years through amendments, resulting in dissatisfaction that eventually led to the demand for constitutional reform, culminating in the 2010 Constitution. Fundamental Principles of the Constitution. The 2010 Constitution of Kenya commences with a statement of the sovereignty of the people and the supremacy of the Constitution as some of the fundamental principles of the Constitution. In relation to identifying the source of all political power as the people of Kenya, the 2010 Constitution improves on the previous Constitution, which was silent as to the role of the people of Kenya in the constitution. In the 2010 Constitution, national values and principles of governance have been enshrined in Article 10. Although the previous Constitution incorporated values and principles, they were not explicitly stated as such but could be discerned from the provisions. Thus, values such as equity, equality, and non-discrimination can be identified in the Bill of Rights, while principles of governance such as democracy, human rights, and the rule of law are evident in...
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...NATIONALISM IN KENYA Conflict and resentment defined the the colonial experience between the white settlers and native Africans. With Nairobi evolving from a shantytown in the early 1900s into a major urban centre for East Africa, white settlers slowly migrated to the country lured by the prospect of land. They settled in the fertile highlands outside Nairobi, an area later dubbed the "White Highlands." Both the Maasai and the Kikuyu tribes lost large amounts of land to these European settlers. Their resentment grew deeper with each acre lost and the inevitable conflicts would not fully be resolved until independence. Successful large-scale farming depended to a great degree upon an adequate labour force, namely Africans. They, however, did not see any advantage or gain in working for the European encroachers. In response, the colonial authorities introduced hut taxes and other laws that forced the Africans into low-paying wage employment. This marked the introduction of a cash economy into a land dominated by the barter system. World War I provided a hiatus in white settlement but after the war Britain gained possession of this region under the Treaty of Versailles and began a policy of inequitable land distribution that further fuelled growing African resentment. The government offered land in the Kenyan highlands to war veterans at inexpensive prices but only white veterans, not African veterans, could take advantage of this offer. White settlers streamed in and increasing...
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...LAWS OF KENYA The ConsTiTuTion of Kenya Revised Edition 2010 Published by the National Council for Law Reporting with the Authority of the Attorney General 2 Constitution of Kenya [Rev. 2010 THE CONSTITUTION OF KENYA ARRANGEMENT OF ARTICLES PREAMBLE CHAPTER ONE—SOVEREIGNTY OF THE PEOPLE AND SUPREMACY OF THIS CONSTITUTION 1—Sovereignty of the people. 2—Supremacy of this Constitution. 3—Defence of this Constitution. CHAPTER TWO—THE REPUBLIC 4—Declaration of the Republic. 5—Territory of Kenya. 6—Devolution and access to services. 7—National, official and other languages. 8—State and religion. 9—National symbols and national days. 10—National values and principles of governance. 11—Culture. CHAPTER THREE—CITIZENSHIP 12—Entitlements of citizens. 13—Retention and acquisition of citizenship. 14—Citizenship by birth. 15—Citizenship by registration. 16—Dual citizenship. 17—Revocation of citizenship. 18—Legislation on citizenship. CHAPTER FOUR—THE BILL OF RIGHTS Part 1—General Provisions relatinG to the Bill of riGhts 19—Rights and fundamental freedoms. 20—Application of Bill of Rights. 21—Implementation of rights and fundamental freedoms. 22—Enforcement of Bill of Rights. 23—Authority of courts to uphold and enforce the Bill of Rights. 24—Limitation of rights or fundamental freedoms. 25—Fundamental Rights and freedoms that may not be limited. Rev. 2010] Constitution of Kenya Part 2—riGhts and fundamental freedoms 3 26—Right to life. 27—Equality and freedom from discrimination...
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...Obama Sr. Dunham, originally from Kansas and Obama, from Kenya met at the University of Hawaii at Manoa, and eventually married on February 2nd, 1961. Barack moved to Massachusetts to obtain a PhD at Harvard. Consequently, Dunham and Obama divorced in March 1964. Eventually, he went back to Kenya, and Barack didn’t have a relationship with him. In 1965, Dunham married Lolo Soetoro, a student from Indonesia, and the following year moved with Obama to Jakarta, Indonesia. Since Dunham was afraid for Obama’s safety and education, he was sent back to Hawaii to live with his grandparents. He graduated from Punahou Academy with academic honors in 1979. Unfortunately, Obama’s father died on November 24th, 1982 in a car accident in Nairobi....
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