...Terms Comparison Paper Health Care Economics/HCS 552 November 18, 2013 Professor Alex Kadrie Terms Comparison Paper Economics is defined as a social science that examines how resources, particularly scarce resources are produced, distributed, and consumed. Health economics is a field of study that applies the principle of economics to the study of health care (Dewar, 2007). Economic understandings are essential to any discussion of health care policy or expenditure. Economics is divided into two categories macroeconomics and microeconomics. Macroeconomics focusses as the economy as a whole, where microeconomics focuses on exchanges, and decisions made between entities. Health care economics falls under microeconomics, focusing on exchanges between physicians, hospitals, insurance companies, and patients. Economics and health care economics use similar terminology, but with different meanings. Some of these terms include resources, opportunity costs, and technology. Resources A resource is a product needed to accomplish an activity, or a means to achieve a desired outcome (Business dictionary, 2013). Resources in health care include medical supplies, medical staff, and capital inputs. Medical supplies entail items like patient gowns, medications, syringes, and bandages. Medical staff consists of physicians, nurses, administrative staff, technicians, and support staff. Areas that fall under capital input include hospitals, other health...
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...trending decline on the rate at which physicians move. Statistically, this may suggest the economy is preventing or affecting physicians from frequent job changes, or retirement. According to survey results, the move rate was reported as follows: 18.2% in 2008, 15% in 2009, 12.4% in 2010, and 11.3% in 2011. In as much as this reflects an obvious trend of lower move rate over the years, and may be attributed to a number of factors, it is however not enough scientific measure to ascertain the market supply and demand for physicians. PURPOSE: The purpose of this paper is to analyze the current position of physicians, and to establish an informed/detailed study of the trends. The research will also establish a theoretical framework of these trends, and their relatedness to the law of Demand and Supply with a focus on physicians. This review will among other things, institute recommendations. DEMAND DETERMINANTS The Law of Demand: As an initial approach, the analysis in this research paper will not be far-reaching if the concept of Demand is not critically examined. Demand has been defined in Economics as the goods and services people are willing and able to buy during a certain period of time at various prices, holding all other relevant factors constant. A simple way to explain this would be to use an everyday example of say - a café. If for instance a café increases the price of items, the quantity demanded will decrease because fewer people will be willing and able to spend their...
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...ECONOMICS PAPER PROJECT ONE INTRODUCTION The career choice made by an individual today is basically for the entire journey of life. This paper will be basically based on situation A, where Jenny needs advice in making decision for her career as to be a doctor. The focus of this paper will be demand and supply of physicians in US market and it will elaborate on determinants of demand and supply of physicians with recent data analysis, price elasticity of demand and supply, construction of demand and supply graph using the recent data. Thus, based on the analysis the recommendations will be identified in regards to market of physicians in US economy. DEMAND FOR PHYSICIANS According to NBC news dated November 4th 2013, 6.27pm ET, stated that “demand for doctors will increase by 2025”. The reason for this change in demand for doctors is due to the determinants of demand. The determinants of demand are the factors that lead to changes in the demand for the doctors in the economy. A) Determinants of Demand for Physicians The factors that affect the demand for Physicians in the US market are as follows: i) Price of Physicians The fee charged by physicians determines the demand for them, as the fees increases the demand of physicians will decline. As it is noted in US economy there are high volume of medical insurance policies which help individuals to cover their medical expenses which leads to increment in the demand for physicians ii) Medical and insurance...
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...accommodate the increased need for their services. Computer and its peripherals are used extensively nowadays in hospitals for many purposes, as given below. 1. Medical Record Keeping : Electronic databases house information about patient medical histories, billing and payment records and insurance coverage. Computers allow hospital employees to manage this information efficiently, while limiting the use of paper and space needed to store hard copies of information. 2. Supply Inventory and Ordering : Inventories of hospital supplies can be tracked using computer systems that alert employees to the need to place a new order. This makes the management of hospital supplies practical and efficient. 3. Diagnostics: Doctors who work in laboratory settings frequently come across diseases and harmful agents that are difficult to diagnose. Doctors can set parameters in computer databases to assist them in diagnosing a condition in remote mode. 4. Research : Doctors use computers to conduct research on a patient's conditions or continue their own education. For instance, doctors can go to medical journal databases online to find out about ground-breaking research for a particular disease. Teaching hospitals also use computers as a resource for educating medical students about techniques and trends in all areas of medical specialization. 5. Online Communication : Some hospitals and clinics have realized that online communications are increasingly common among patients, prompting...
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...as Obama Care. As a direct result of this there are going to be more people on Medicaid and also more “baby-boomers” are going to be turning sixty-five thus qualifying for Medicare. Although fewer doctors are accepting government insured patients! This paper will research the number of doctors accepting governmentally insured patients and also if there is a shortage in the number of providers as the PPACA goes into effect. With data provided from the American Medical Association (AMA), Center for Disease Control (CDC), and other academic journals an evaluation is going to be made of if there is enough doctors to meet the demand of newly insured patients in the US. Issues of access and quality of care will also be addressed in this paper. Are Doctors accepting Government Insured Patients as Obama has Signed the Affordable Care Act On March 23, 2010 President Obama signed into law the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (PPACA), also known as Obama Care. As a direct result of this there are going to be more people on Medicaid and also more “baby-boomers” are going to be turning sixty-five thus qualifying for Medicare. Although fewer doctors are accepting government insured patients (Tanne, 2010). This paper will research the number of doctors accepting governmentally insured patients specifically Medicaid beneficiaries and also if there is a shortage in the number of providers as the PPACA goes into effect. Medicaid plays one of the most significance roles...
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...MENU Research Papers Book Notes Blog Tools Login Signup | | | Prev Page 1 of 2 Next Types Research Papers Book Notes Categories African-American Studies Agricultural Studies Anthropology Archaeology Architecture See all 39 Categories Written Any Past Month Past Year Past 2 Years Past 3 Years Pages 1-5 6-10 11-20 21-30 31-50 51+ Views 0-100 101-200 201-300 301+ My Turn to be a Manager Research Paper on Business | Mar 23, 2014 | 4 Pages | 3 Sources | 0 Downloads | 0 0 This course assignment responds to the prompt to provide three things the student learned about being a good manager. Additinoally, the student is asked to decipher three companies' organizational charts to examine the company's use of organizational design. Effective Manager Research Paper on Business | Mar 22, 2014 | 9 Pages | 13 Sources | 0 Downloads | 0 0 This paper researchs the concepts and realities of leadership. The author examines what it means in an organization to be a manager and compares that which the characteristics of a leader. The aim of this paper is to discuss what... McDonald's Approach to Supply Chain Sustainability Research Paper on Business | Nov 28, 2014 | 4 Pages | 4 Sources | 0 Downloads | 0 0 This case study examines how McDonalds created a sustainable supply chain that was profitable...
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...Background and Market Position Covidien is a $10 billion global healthcare products company dedicated to innovation and long-term growth. They manufacture and sell medical devices and supplies, diagnostic imaging equipment and pharmaceuticals. Tyco Healthcare separated from Tyco International In June 2007 to form Covidien. Tyco healthcare was to operate the business by acquiring venerable brands such as Kendall, Mallinckrodt and Auto suture. Since separating, they have focused on developing innovative medical solutions for better patient outcomes and on creating value through clinical leadership and excellence. As part of our pursuit of excellence, we are committed to fostering innovation. In addition to acquiring companies with superior products, they have created innovative new products through their own increasingly substantial investments in research and development (R&D). Covidien has launched 60 new products in 2008 and 2009, compared with fewer than 20 in 2005 and 2006, this were the last two years of Tyco healthcare before it become Covidien. Competition – Covidien is engaged in the development, manufacture, and sale of healthcare products, including pharmaceuticals and medical supplies, for use in clinical and home settings. One of Covidien’s main competitors in the healthcare equipment and supplies industry is Baxter International (BAX). Other competitors in the healthcare sector include: C.R. Bard (BCR), and Becton, Dickinson (BDX) Direct Competitor...
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...IEEE JOURNAL OF SOLID-STATE CIRCUITS, VOL. 47, NO. 7, JULY 2012 1585 A 53-nW 9.1-ENOB 1-kS/s SAR ADC in 0.13- m CMOS for Medical Implant Devices Dai Zhang, Student Member, IEEE, Ameya Bhide, Student Member, IEEE, and Atila Alvandpour, Senior Member, IEEE Abstract—This paper describes an ultra-low power SAR ADC for medical implant devices. To achieve the nano-watt range power consumption, an ultra-low power design strategy has been utilized, imposing maximum simplicity on the ADC architecture, low transistor count and matched capacitive DAC with a switching scheme which results in full-range sampling without switch bootstrapping and extra reset voltage. Furthermore, a dual-supply voltage scheme allows the SAR logic to operate at 0.4 V, reducing the overall power consumption of the ADC by 15% without any loss in performance. The ADC was fabricated in 0.13- m CMOS. In dual-supply mode (1.0 V for analog and 0.4 V for digital), the ADC consumes 53 nW at a sampling rate of 1 kS/s and achieves the ENOB of 9.1 bits. The leakage power constitutes 25% of the 53-nW total power. Index Terms—ADC, analog-to-digital conversion, leakage power consumption, low-power electronics, medical implant devices, successive approximation. I. INTRODUCTION EDICAL implant devices, such as pacemakers and implantable cardiac defibrillators, target increasingly advanced signal acquisition and signal processing systems. Such devices, which are to be implanted in the human body, require extremely low...
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...Medtronic.................................................………………………………………. 3 3. Supply Chain.............…………………………………………………………... 4 3.1 Inventory Management 4. Project..............................................................…………………………………. 5 4.1 Definition 4.2 Measurement 4.3 Analysis 4.4 Improvement 4.5 Control 5. Logistics..............……………………………………………………………….. 8 6. Conclusion............................................................................................................ 10 7. Group evaluation………………………………………………………………. 11 References…………………………………………………………………………. 13 1. Introduction According to the textbook “Operations and supply chain management“ by Cecil C. Bozarth and Robert B. Handfield (2008) there are three simple reasons why one should be interested in operations and supply chain management: First, every organisation must make a product or provide a service that someone values. Second, most of these organisations function as part of larger supply chains. Third, they must carefully manage their operations and supply chains in order to prosper and survive. At first these arguments seem to be reasonable and clear but to fully understand them it is important to gain further insight into different concepts of supply chain management and to refer them to a company‘s every day work procedure. As part of the first-year Supply Chain Management course, we are supposed to conduct a project to improve our understanding...
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...given countries to adhere to the practice of healthy policies. In the long run, it will in turn lead to the creation of various opportunities including research and training of health workers. One of the health initiatives involves the Health Disparity. There exists a broad discrimination in the event in which various patients receive health services. It, therefore, puts health disparity as one of the public health initiatives. In this regard, this paper discusses more health inequality and its relevance to the health sector (Barr, 2014). Health disparity is a standard issue in the present world. It is a matter that arises due to the distinctiveness in the ethnic background, the color difference of individuals and the even difference in the language spoken. However, in the event of finding a solution to the given disparity, there exist certain principles of economics for evaluating and assessing the need for health inequality. The first principle advocates for the equal treatment of everybody in need of medical attention. It is a principle whose aims majors in equity (Bayer, 2012). Regardless of an individual’s ethnic background, each and every person dwelling in the planet earth deserves an equal health treatment. It is a venture that leads to an increase in the demand for the health care services. At the same time, the supply of health care services also increases evenly. Bridging the given disparity assists in the creation of a peaceful co-existence among the people. Secondly...
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...Communication and Technology Paper Debra Magwood HCS/320 April 19, 2010 Dawn Sienkiewicz University of Phoenix Communication and Technology Paper Electronic Medical Records are made up of all the reports, assessments, legal documentations, and financial references to a person’s history. This system requires communication and information technology which takes part in an integrated system of health care that include the planning, and management of patient information. With the continued problems of paper records, electronic medical records have become an important issue for the health care organizations. Electronic medical records present an important and challenging issue for health care reform. Paper records consume a vast amount of time, patience, and costs in a health care system. This type of record maximizes the storage capacity which allows for more problems such as cost for additional space. Storage capacity causes records to get misplaced. Misplacing record can create errors, misunderstanding, conflict, and dismissal of employment. Physician writing is another problem when using paper records. Understanding Electronic Medical Records requirements will help the users in determining which system will best fit their needs. Using the electronic medical records system, patient safety and care are greatly improved. Developing a language system will allow for shared information with diverse cultures within the health care organizations...
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...Supply Chain Efficiency in the Healthcare industry Introduction Healthcare in US is a major area with the country spending almost 16% of its GNP on healthcare costs. The healthcare industry is expected to grow and consume a greater share in the next few years. Hospitals are complex organizations providing a multitude of services to patients, physicians, and staff. These services include dietary, linen, housekeeping, physical plant engineering, pharmacy, laboratory, inpatient treatment (nursing units), surgery, radiology, administration, and others. In the national debate over how to make U.S. healthcare more efficient, one promising area for reform is often overlooked: supplies. Whether the products are knee implants, pacemakers, or expensive medications, hospitals have long purchased whatever doctors desired with little discussion among the parties involved about cost. Healthcare supply chain system is an extremely complex “adsorption model” that moves products downstream with limited visibility into product demand at the point of use. The outcome of the current model results in products that can be out-of-stock as much as 15 percent of the time. The pressures on hospital supply chains are changing too. In the past, a hospital that managed its purchasing costs well could operate efficiently. Today, the cost of materials management can exceed 35% of a hospital's operating budget, with nearly 20-25% attributable to supply costs alone. Despite the supply chain representing...
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...MBA-011 MBA-021 MBA-031 MBA-041 MBA-051 MBA-061a MBA-061b PAPER Principles and Practices of Management Quantitative Techniques for Managerial Decision Making. Managerial Economics Human Resource Management Accounting for Management Seminar on Executive Communication Workshop on Information Technology for Management CREDITS 4 4 4 4 4 2 2 MARKS 100 100 100 100 100 50 50 TRIMESTER – II CODE MBA-072 MBA-082 MBA-092 MBA-102 MBA-112a MBA-112b PAPER CREDITS Quantitative Methods and Operations Research 4 Economic Environment for Business 4 Production and Operations Management 4 Financial Management 4 Seminar on Negotiation Skills 2 Workshop on Management Information Systems 2 o Introduction to Retail Management (R. Mgt.)* 4 SECTORAL SUBJECT – 1 MARKS 100 100 100 100 50 50 100 o Principles of Banking and Insurance (B & I)* o Introduction to IT and Telecommunications (IT & Tel)* o Introduction to Infrastructure (Infra. Mgt.)* o Industrial Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology (Pharma. Mgt.)* o Hospital Planning and Organization (Hosp. Mgt.)* MBA-122 *R. Mgt= Retail Management; B&I= Banking & Insurance; IT & Tel.= IT & Telecommunication; Infra. Mgt.=Infrastructural Management; Pharma. Mgt.=Pharmaceutical Management; Hosp. Mgt.=Hospital Management. TRIMESTER – III CODE MBA-133 MBA-143 MBA-153 MBA-163a MBA-163b PAPER Legal Aspects of Business Marketing Management Organizational Behaviour Seminar on Business Research Methodology Seminar on Business Ethics o Advertising and...
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...the choices of her future. She wants to be a doctor and I will conduct the economic analysis of the choice she made. To make the decision, I read “Fewer Physicians Move, a Sign of Career Caution” Hubbard( 2013) which is about a survey published by New York Times about 253,000 medical offices. The SK& A conducts a research on around 664,000 physicians on the move rate of doctors and it publishes the reports to be used by pharmaceutical and medical equipment organizations. According to the report, in 2008, the move rate was 18.2%, 15% in 2009, and 12.4% in 2010. This shows a steady decline in the subsequent years. The decline in moving rate and low retirement rate is ascertained to be due to financial stress, the unfavorable medical environment and the rigid licensure laws among others. OVERVIEW The potential competitors to physician’s career in the healthcare industry are dentists, nurse practitioners, and pharmacists among others. However there are no substitutes for physicians services. The potential competitors to the doctors are the insurers because they determine which doctors the patients choose from. Physicians operate in a monopolistic market because they are the only sellers of medical services. Nurse practitioners cannot even offer the same services the doctors do offer. There are no substitutes to the services offered by physicians. Physicians have strong bargaining position. The physicians are well equipped about the patients’ illnesses and diseases and there...
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...Entrepreneurship Reflection Essay Entrepreneurship is the process of starting a business or organization within a field that is designed to attract a target audience and provide supplies to meet their demands. The health care industry is very complex and thrives on advances within the field and in medical technology advancement. Most entrepreneurs within the health care industry are looking to expand the access and advancements within health care. There are pros and cons to entrepreneurship within the health care industry. Positive Effects of Entrepreneurship on Health Care One of the most positive effects of entrepreneurships within the health care has been in the new ways of technology and the ability they have on the innovation of using that technology to help in treatment and care of patients. Advances in technology are allowing for patients to receive quality that is needed. Technology has helped in the research and detection of diseases and illnesses. This research has then in turn helped health care professionals to be better prepared for illness and diseases and take possible precautions to help with the spread of these illnesses. Another positive effect of entrepreneurship on the health care field, is the establishment of alternative urgent treatment to a primary physician’s office or to the trip to the emergency room. Concierge and direct primary care locations can now be located in local pharmacies such as CVS and Walgreens. These local minute clinics and urgent...
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