...Fanny Mendelssohn Hensel Fanny Mendelssohn Hensel was born on November 14, 1805, in Hamburg, Germany. Her parents were rather wealthy and education was held very highly in their household. Both Fanny and her three younger siblings were thought Latin, Greek, French, German, geometry, geography, literature, arithmetic and drawing. Fanny also studied piano, first with her mother, then with music teachers in Berlin and Pairs. She was an exceptionally talented pianist, considered even better than her more famous brother, Felix. Her first performance was at one of her family’s Sunday concerts, a tradition started by her grandmother years ago. Poets, writers, musicians and family friends usually attended and they were all astonished when the twelve-year-old Fanny played twenty-four preludes from Bach's Well-Tempered Clavier by heart. At the age of 14 she had begun composing her own works. Fanny composed mainly vocal solos, keyboard pieces, choral works and chamber music. Although she did create many oratorios and cantatas as well as a few quartets, they were not considered suitable for a woman at the time. Her only recorded public performance was in 1838, when she performed Felix's First Piano Concerto for a charity event. She married Wilhelm Hansel in 1820 and they had a son named Sebastian. Continuing the tradition of the Sunday concerts throughout her life, Fanny made them famous for their quality and originality. These Sonntagsmusiken, as they were known, gave her the freedom...
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...approved music of the Church. Much later, the University at Notre Dame in Paris saw the creation of a new kind of music called organum. Secular music was performed throughout Europe by the troubadours and trouvères of France. And it was during these "Middle Ages" that Western culture saw the appearance of the first great name in music, Guillaume de Machaut. The Last Supper by Tintoretto The Renaissance Generally considered to be from ca.1420 to 1600, the Renaissance (which literally means "rebirth") was a time of great cultural awakening and a flowering of the arts, letters, and sciences throughout Europe. With the rise of humanism, sacred music began for the first time to break free of the confines of the Church, and a school of composers trained in the Netherlands mastered the art of polyphony in their settings of sacred music. One of the early masters of the Flemish style was Josquin des Prez. These polyphonic traditions reached their culmination in the unsurpassed works of Giovanni da Palestrina. Of course, secular music thrived during this period, and instrumental and dance music was performed in abundance, if not...
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...rationalization of nature. It was embodied most strongly in the visual arts, music, and literature, but had a major impact on historiography, education and the natural sciences. Its effect on politics was considerable and complex; while for much of the peak Romantic period it was associated with liberalism and radicalism, in the long term its effect on the growth of nationalism was probably more significant. Romanticism era is the revolution of writers, painters, and dancers. The well-know writer in romanticism era is Johann Wolfgang von Goethe. His first novel, The Sorrows of Young Werther (1774), about a young, sensitive artist, was popular throughout Europe. Goethe also used myth and local folklore as subjects for his poetry, inspiring a sense of German nationalism in the decades before a unified Germany. The American and French Revolutions in the late 18th century added to the popularity of such Romantic ideals as freedom, liberty and national pride. Ballet began to lose steam after the death of Louis the XIV, despite a slight boom in participation and popularity in Eastern Europe. However, a new era began when a group of gifted ballerinas emerged in the first half of the 19th century, including the legendary Marie Taglioni. The daughter of choreographer Paul Taglioni, Marie had a natural gift for dancing, though her proportionally short arms and legs sometimes overshadowed her talent. Desperate to boost his daughter’s career, Paul...
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...On 28 July, 1750, a sickly and exhausted old man was found dead while recuperating from eye-surgery. Viewed by his peers as outdated and irreverent, he would eventually be regarded as one of the greatest musical genius’s who ever lived, nearly 80 years later (Mellers). Today, we know this man as Johann Sebastian Bach, a virtuoso organist and prolific composer from the baroque era of classical music; whose works spanned over 1000 musical pieces and influenced entire generations of western music schools of thought (J.S. Bach). Bach’s importance to western music development wouldn’t have been noticed by his contemporaries, who mostly favored the preclassical styles of homophony which were harmonically simpler in tone and structure (Mellers). His sphere of influence had affected many important composers whose names include: Felix Mendelssohn, Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart, and Ludwig van Beethoven; who themselves made major contributions to the preeminence and development of western music. In terms of originality and complexity, Bach’s compositions represent some of the most sophisticated and ambitious classical pieces to date, which through his rigorous use of counterpoint, tonal control and attention to single moods (called affects) had helped refine western music from a folk-based expressive form to a highly complex and evolved form of musical expression (Tonality). But in order to understand Bach and his well noted contributions, one must also understand his life in the context of the...
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...Moldenhauer Archives at the Library of Congress | Table of Contents Music History from Primary Sources An Introductory Essay Alfred Mann A vellum leaf, 22 by 17 cm., from a prayer book. The letter forms of early Gothic script suggest the twelfth century, or a period even earlier. Neumes (marked in red) are placed above the first four lines of the Latin text. The entire page is richly illuminated in black, red, and blue, with a heavy gold layer decorating the initial A for the phrase beginning "Adoro te." The leaf was obtained for the Moldenhauer Archives from the music dealer and publishing firm Schneider, Tutzing. The Art of Musical Notation In its primary sources, music merges with the representational arts. Oral tradition has played a fundamental role in all ages, but in its formal sense, history--and the history of music--begins with the visual record. Musical notation, having emerged on a wide scale in all civilizations, produced in itself a highly individual record of artistic endeavor. The medieval monks who compiled the missals and other liturgical books for the service of worship rose from their function as scribes to artists in their own right; among the greatest documents of Baroque art are the holographs by Bach; and an entirely novel phase in artistic musical score design was initiated in the twentieth century. The primary sources of music reproduced in this volume rely on various aspects of the graphic arts, but foremost among them stands the representation...
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...within the octave other than the tonic-dominant relation. Often, Romantic composers, in this case, Frederic Chopin and Felix Mendelssohn, use symmetrical divisions of the octave as a platform from which they can launch wandering or very pointed progressions, depending on the direction and magnitude of the potential harmonic energy. Whether it is a continuous circle of minor thirds or a form of axial melody that teeters much like a seesaw, these balanced relationships of pitches have a destabilizing effect on the tonic as it places a more equal weight on other intervals in the key. Not only can symmetry be found on the local levels of melody and harmonic...
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...4/12/2018 This paper will first discuss the life, musical style and legacy of the great Johann Sebastian Bach then that of Antonín Leopold Dvořák. Finally, stylistic comparisons will be made between the two. Johann Sebatian Bach Born March 31st, 1685, into a religious musical family, Bach was fortunate enough to have the affluence and early exposure to build a solid foundation, but it was his own talent and dedication that made him the Baroque Collosus that he is. Following the death of his parents, Bach was taken in by his brother, an organist at St. Michael’s Church who exposed him to the clavichord and the works of great German composers like Pachabel. Soon, Bach began receiving a Lutheran education at Lundeburg’s famous religious school where Bach developed a strong faith that greatly influenced his later works....
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...eldest son in the family was 14 at the time of Bach's birth)[11] who probably taught him violin and the basics of music theory.[12] His uncles were all professional musicians, whose posts included church organists, court chamber musicians, and composers. One uncle, Johann Christoph Bach(1645–93), introduced him to the organ, and an older second cousin, Johann Ludwig Bach (1677–1731), was a well-known composer and violinist. Bach drafted a genealogy around 1735, titled "Origin of the musical Bach family".[13] Bach's mother died in 1694, and his father died eight months later.[5] Bach, aged 10, moved in with his oldest brother, Johann Christoph Bach(1671–1721), the organist at St. Michael's Church in Ohrdruf, Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg.[14] There he studied, performed, and copied music, including his own brother's, despite being forbidden to do so because scores were so valuable and private and blank ledger paper of that type was costly.[15][16] He received valuable teaching from his brother, who instructed him on the clavichord. J.C. Bach exposed him to the works of great composers of the day, including South German composers such as Johann Pachelbel (under whom Johann Christoph had studied)[2] and Johann Jakob Froberger; North German composers;[3] Frenchmen, such as Jean-Baptiste Lully, Louis Marchand, Marin Marais; and the Italian clavieristGirolamo Frescobaldi. Also during this time, he was taught theology, Latin, Greek, French, and Italian at the local gymnasium.[17] At the age...
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...Exam #2 1. Bettina von Arnim was a prominent female figure in Germany during the Romanticism Era. Von Arnim was best known for her writings that had a connection to social issues in society, involving women and oppression. Von Arnim was friends with Ludwig van Beethoven, Johannes Brahms, and Johann Wolfgang von Goethe for a period of time. Von Arnim, who was known for many novels and essays, wrote on topics involving social and political reform, which appealed to many groups of oppressed people, such as women and Jews. Although she had a husband and seven children, Bettina von Arnim was vocal in rejecting the exclusivity of traditional gender roles in 19th century Germany, through her literary works. Von Arnim’s most famous work is called Goethe’s Correspondence with a Child, a fiction based on her relationship with Goethe. The story depicts her as a child, who sits on Goethe’s character’s lap, and how her gender affects the relationship they had. One of her other works, Gritta, was an alternative view of the typical “male saves female archetype”. In the novel, the female plays the role of the hero. In her later life, after her husband died, she began to publish more and more works, including some by her husband. Her husband’s death was a significant event in von Arnim’s life. When von Arnim became a widow, she published a large amount of works such as autobiographies and fiction based on social equality and gender equality. Von Arnim was a benefactor of the ideas of...
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...Andrew Ellis MUSI 3510 Goldstein 21 November 2013 Keyboard Suites of Handel and Bach The period from 1600 to 1750 gave western music some of its most well-known and beloved works. During this time, referred to as the Baroque Period, these pieces were written by some of the most prolific composers of all time. These musicians came from across Europe. Frenchmen, Italians, Englishmen, Germans, and others all made great contributions and advancements toward the development of music as we know it. However two of these men were perhaps the most important of all - George Frideric Handel and Johann Sebastian Bach. While both of these men were born in Germany, the details of each of their employment in the musical profession includes vast differences in both the method by which they acquired their influences and the countries in which they held positions. The purpose of this essay is to use the details of each composer's life, prior to composition of the pieces in question, and musical examples from within the composition written from each man to differentiate and highlight specific writing styles and habits. Furthermore, two pieces will be from a genre that both Bach and Handel wrote in fairly extensively, the keyboard suite, will be used as these musical examples. Bach's English Suite No. 4 in F major (BWV 809) and Handel's Keyboard Suite No. 1 in A major (HWV 426) are the works that will be used. From Bach's Birth to His Time in Cothen Johann Sebastian Bach was born...
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...Aljohn Louise S. dela Roca Ma’am Rosie R. Goot Grade 9 June 30, 2016 Araling Panlipunan Activity No. 1 “Paglutas ng Suliranin” SULIRANIN: Iba’t-ibang krimen na lumalaganap sa Pilipinas gaya ng panghoholdup, kidnap, panggagahasa, pagpatay, pagnanakaw at iba pa. Ngunit sa ngayon, mas pagtutuunan muna natin ng pansin ang krimeng ukol sa pagpatay. HYPOTHESIS: Ang pagpatay ng lahi o henosidyo (mula sa Kastilang genocidio at Ingles na genocide) ay ang planado at sistematikong pagkitil, sa kabuuhan o parte man lang, ng isang pangkat etniya, lahi, relihiyon, o bansa. Nangangahulugan din itong anihilasyon ng isang grupo ng tao, o sistematiko at sinadyang pagpapapatay, paglipol o pagpuksa sa isang lipi, grupong pampolitika o kultura. Mga Impormasyon: Unang balita: Suspek sa pagpatay sa 2 dalagita sa Caloocan, umamin sa krimen. Lasing umano sa alak at naka-marijuana ang suspek nang patayin nito sa saksak ang dalawang menor de edad na magpinsang babae sa Caloocan City noong Linggo. Iniharap sa media nitong Sabado ni Chief Superintendent Leonardo Espina, hepe ng National Capitol Regional Police Office (NCRPO), ang suspek na si Gilbert Fulloso, na nadakip sa Albay nitong Biyernes. Inamin sa harap ng media ni Fulloso na siya ang pumatay kina Diana Rose Liza, 15-anyos, at Joanna Marie Coronado, 10-anyos, ayon sa ulat ni John Consulta sa GMA News TV's Balitanghali nitong Sabado. Matatandaan...
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...Synopsis Born on March 31, 1685 (N.S.), in Eisenach, Thuringia, Germany, Johann Sebastian Bach had a prestigious musical lineage and took on various organist positions during the early 18th century, creating famous compositions like "Toccata and Fugue in D minor." Some of his best-known compositions are the "Mass in B Minor," the "Brandenburg Concertos" and "The Well-Tempered Clavier." Bach died in Leipzig, Germany, on July 28, 1750. Today, he is considered one of the greatest Western composers of all time. Childhood Born in Eisenach, Thuringia, Germany, on March 31, 1685 (N.S.) / March 21, 1685 (O.S.), Johann Sebastian Bach came from a family of musicians, stretching back several generations. His father, Johann Ambrosius, worked as the town musician in Eisenach, and it is believed that he taught young Johann to play the violin. At the age of 7, Bach went to school where he received religious instruction and studied Latin and other subjects. His Lutheran faith would influence his later musical works. By the time he turned 10, Bach found himself an orphan after the death of both of his parents. His older brother Johann Christoph, a church organist in Ohrdruf, took him in. Johann Christoph provided some further musical instruction for his younger brother and enrolled him in a local school. Bach stayed with his brother's family until he was 15. Bach had a beautiful soprano singing voice, which helped him land a place at a school in Lüneburg. Sometime after his arrival...
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...states and covers an area of 357,021 square kilometers (137,847 sq mi) with a largely temperate seasonal climate. Its capital and largest city is Berlin. With 81 million inhabitants, Germany is the most populous member state in the European Union. After the United States, it is the second most popular migration destination in the world. Various Germanic tribes have occupied northern Germany since classical antiquity. Germany(Flag) A region named Germania was documented before 100 CE. During the Migration Period the Germanic tribes expanded southward. Beginning in the 10th century, German territories formed a central part of the Holy Roman Empire. During the 16th century, northern German regions became the centre of the Protestant Reformation. The rise of Pan-Germanys inside the German Confederation resulted in the states in 1871 into the Prussian-dominated German Empire. After World War I and the German Revolution of 1918–1919, the Empire was replaced by the parliamentary Weimar Republic. The establishment of the Third Reich in 1933 led to World War II and the Holocaust. After 1945, Germany split into two states, East Germany and West Germany. In 1990, the country was reunified. In the 21st century, Germany is a great power and has the world's fourth-largest economy by nominal GDP, as well as the fifth-largest by PPP. As a global leader in several industrial and technological sectors, it is both the world's third-largest exporter and importer of goods. Germany is a developed country with...
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...Versailles signed June 1919 ▪ It is a DIKTAT – something forced on to Germany. Allies say that they will carry on the war if Germans do not sign. ▪ For many Germans the defeat in WW1, national humiliation, the Treaty of Versailles, the Weimar constitution & democracy are all linked – helps explain why democracy is weak in Germany ▪ Terms of the Treaty – ▪ Germany has to pay REPARATIONS (fixed in 1921 as £6600 million) ▪ Germany loses all its COLONIES (overseas parts of their empire) ▪ German army limited to 100,000 men with no air force & a small navy with only 6 battleships and no submarines ▪ 13% of Germany is now transferred to neighbouring countries as the map is redrawn ▪ Germany loses land to France (Alsace-Lorraine), Belgium, Poland (Posen & West Prussia) & Denmark ▪ 15% of German coal mines are lost in map changes ▪ Many Germans blame the defeat in the war on “the stab in the back” (DOLCHSTOSS) – i.e. the Socialists / Communists / Jews betrayed Germany & the army was never defeated. This myth makes it harder to accept the Treaty ▪ Treaty weakened democracy in Germany and the German economy ▪ Friedrich Ebert appointed Chancellor in October 1918 2) The Weimar Constitution ▪ A National Assembly was elected to write this new constitution ▪ It met in Weimar because Berlin was not safe – so we call this whole period in German history the WEIMAR REPUBLIC, or WEIMAR GERMANY (or just WEIMAR!) ▪ Constitution ready by August 1919 ▪ Very democratic...
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...THE Theory of Music. AS APPLIED OF TO VOICE THE TEACHIN" AND INSTRUMENTS. AND PJtAOTICE LOUIS Author of " C. Cuwositibs German oi' ELSON. Mtjsic," Etc. " History of Song," This Course is adopted and used in Music. the New England Conservatory of BOSTON : New England Consekvatory of Music. EIGHTH MDITION. 1900. Copyright, 1890, by Lotjis C. Elsom. F. H. GILSON, MUSIC PRINTER AND BOOKBINDER, BOSTON. PREFACE. This work is not so much a intended for self-instruction,as course to provide may systematized their is by the which teachers assist which keen at pupils sary neces- toward to that general knowledge true musician. branches the to The tion competipresent, to in the musical is gradually merely of such those as a leading specialist j principles musician counteract become this, a study all which underlie music, the most laws of Acoustics, and a musical form, etc., is are necessary, to this little volume of such the intended It become text-book but an studies. details In the naturally gives are outline, the of which matter are to be filled in by teacher. facts to of of the Acoustics, utmost only those ...
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