...1.Assess the transformation the American colonies underwent between 1650 and 1720. Did all of the colonies experience the same changes? A blend of acts, wars, and uprisings happened between 1650 and 1720.Navigation Acts were passed by the parliament; insubordination softens out up Massachusetts, New York, and Maryland; and the infamous Salem witch trials occur amid the late seventeenth century and mid-eighteenth century. Business exchange rapidly turned into a need in numerous states. Product development was deficient in benefit. This drove Nathaniel Bacon to his disobedience to Virginia's representative Sir William Berkeley. This story was told again and again by different states and insubordination to their authorities or potentially their directions when it hindered their gainfulness. More significant part of the settlements,experienced varieties of comparable changes,regardless of whether it be in Virginia or Maryland. 2.Describe the influence of Puritanism in New England society in the 1600’s. Religion was vital to the Puritans, there were numerous other crucial convictions that the Puritans withheld which impacted New England society. The instruction was imperative because keeping in mind the end goal to comprehend the...
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...enforcement of British Mercantilist policies, including the Navigation Acts. The two main purposes of the Navigation Acts are: to protect British shipping against competition from foreign powers, and to grant British merchants a monopoly on colonial commodities increase their personal bullion supply. The set of laws passed in 1645-1663, provided the basis of the Navigation Acts. These acts set up several laws and restrictions that give Britain a monopoly on economic control, establish England as the main market for products/good for the colonies, and provide a steady bullion influx into Britain. One of the first Navigation Acts passed in 1651 stated that goods could only enter England, Ireland, or the colonies aboard English ships. Additionally, colonial coastal trade had to be conducted only aboard English ships. Even the trade between foreign countries at colonial ports are limited to English vessels. Ships from other countries are excluded from colonial ports and can trade only at ports within the British Isles. The shipbuilding industry, particularly in New England, prospered. The second Navigation Act of 1660 reassured that goods could only be transported aboard English ships and set up a list of enumerated goods that had to be shipped directly to England, including sugar, cotton, tobacco, indigo, rice, molasses, apples, and wool. Tobacco plantations in the New World proved to be very successful and profitable, particularly in the Chesapeake region. Until 1663, England required...
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...expansion. Metacom, also known as King Philip, became the new chief and declared war on the colonists of the Massachusetts Bay Colony. However, they were different in the way that each of them ended. The Pequot War ended with a treaty that sold the surviving Pequots into slavery. Bacon’s Rebellion ended when Bacon suddenly died after almost winning. King Philip’s War ended when King Philip was beheaded and the rest of the tribe was sold into slavery. The Pequot War’s lasting impact was that it kept the Native’s from challenging the Northern colonies for another 40 years. Bacon Rebellion’s impact was that it scared the upper-class into using slaves rather than indentured servants who could gain freedom and hurt them. King Philip’s War’s impact was that it became the last major effort...
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...many wars with France, Netherlands, and Spain. These nations dragged the Native Americans into their power struggles as the wars reached the New World. Native Americans faced challenges to trade, peace, and relations with each other and with European settlers in both allying with and waging war against European settlers. However, a few turned these challenges to their advantage. In allying with one European country and not the other, Native Americans faced hostility and conflicts with the other. During the War of the Spanish Succession, Britain was fighting both France and Spain. It allied with the Creek Indians in the Carolinas to attack Spanish settlements in the New World, specifically Spanish Florida. This alliance with Britain resulted in Spanish aggression towards the Creeks. However, even the alliance with Britain could not stop hostility between the English settlers and the Creeks; the Creeks rebelled against the English settlers after the latter ordered the natives to pay trade debts. Farther up north in the New England region, Mohawk Indians allied with the...
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...As the English colonies began to settle into their new life in the Americas, the process of forming a successful colonization did not appear to be as complicated as it turned out to be. Upon the restoration of the monarchy in 1660, bureaucrats in Britain attempted to impose unjust laws upon the colonies resulting in a war against them, with the aid of the Native Americans. Once King Charles II returned to the throne, he was able to transform the scattered colonies into an intimidating mercantilist empire. He distributed title to the lands of New York, Delaware, Pennsylvania, New Jersey, and the Carolinas to a few English aristocrats. These were proprietary colonies that remained loyal to the Church of England, with the exception of Pennsylvania which was Quaker. These were...
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... Beginnings, 1607-1700: When Christopher Columbus discovered the New World (1492) and became the first European to set foot on San Salvador; he opened a new chapter in the history of the Old World as well as the New. The development of America took place when a static and status-bound European was responding to new intellectual stirrings, growing trade, and competition among emerging nation- states in overseas exploration and commerce. In 1585 Raleigh established the firs British Colony in North America on Roanoke Island. English colonization in America differed in character and consequences from that of other European nations. The English Monarchs had destroyed the power of the feudal nobility and had established a strong centralized state and in so doing, the monarchs had encouraged the growth of the business middle classes, the merchants and entrepreneurs who were to be major agents of the modernizing process. By seventeenth centaury, England's imperial reach was global; it stretched west from Ireland to Newfound land to Bermuda, and eastward to the subcontinent of India. It was to the west in the New World in 1606 that King James issued charter to two joint stock companies to colonize the land that Sir Walter Raleigh had named Virginia in honor of the Virgin Queen Elizabeth. The company promptly sent out an expedition of 144 people and after four months arduous voyage they reached Chesapeake Bay in April 1607. The 105 surviving English men than proceeded up a...
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...1. When Christopher Columbus reached the New World in 1492, he found a. cultures so primitive that Spain thought the area could not be developed. b. hundreds of cultures with nearly 400 different languages. c. one large, common native culture with basically one language. d. only barren landscape without humans. 2. Spain and Portugal were among the first European nations that e. abandoned the feudal system and adopted democracy. f. accepted the authority of a single hereditary monarch for the entire country. g. adopted an established religion that everyone must honor. h. converted their monetary system to the euro. 3. When Christopher Columbus sailed westward seeking Asia, his goal was to i. carry the Gospel to unsaved peoples throughout the world. j. find new lands for Spain to conquer and exploit. k. locate an all-water route to Lilliputia. l. reestablish trade routes interrupted by the bubonic plague. 4. Traders sought new trading opportunities primarily to have access to m. better medicines to help Europeans conquer the Black Death. n. expanded power and influence in case of the need for additional crusades. o. luxuries such as sugar and spices demanded by the elite. p. staple foods to sustain Europe’s large peasant population. 5. At the time of Christopher Columbus’s first voyage, most Europeans q. acknowledged...
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...1.What were the main causes, elements, and impact of the different approaches to colonies followed by the English, French, and Spanish? By Columbus’s discovery, Spain got a religious justification fro conquest and an army of seasoned soldiers, named conquistadores. Also, rulers in Spain developed efficient techniques for controlling new colonies. The conquistadores left a trail of destruction by attacking native villages and killed or captured the inhabitant since they preferred seeking gold and slaves to creating permanent settlements. In 1519, some Spanish soldiers landed on the coast of Mexico. Three years later, these Spanish soldier conquered Aztec empire. The three factors of Spanish victory were technological advantages, division within the Aztec empire, and disease. Later, some other Spanish soldiers conquered a richer empire, Inca empire. By 1550, Spain’s New World empire, which stretched from the Caribbean through Mexico to Peru, was administered from Spain by the Council of the Indies. The council enacted laws for the empire and supervised an elaborate bureaucracy to maintain political control and extract wealth from the land and its people. Then, two expedition went to north America to find gold and silver but they did not find any gold and silver. So Spain stopped to extend its empire and just maintained two precarious footholds in north of Mexico. By a large number of gold and silver flowing into Spain, it became the richest and most powerful state in Europe. However...
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...Also had a dense population, productive agriculture, and an aggressive bureaucratic state. Cahokia Cahokia emerged around 1000 as the foremost center of the new Mississippian culture. It declined rapidly after peaking in size which exceeded 10,000. Its decline was probably caused by an era of ruinous warfare. Eastern Woodland Indians 12 The mississippian-influenced peoples od the southeast interacted with other groups,many of them adopted maize agriculture but did not display Mississippian characteristics. Throughout the eastern woodlands , women tended crops, gathered plants, and oversaw affairs within the community, while men were responsible for activities beyond it, such as hunting, fishing, and warfare. Algonquian 12 The Algonquian people had no single style of political organization. Many were chiefdoms. With one individual claiming preeminent power in a community and some were paramount chiefdoms...
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...of grief. As an example of a mourning war might be “Beavers Wars” (17 century - about 1640). The smallpox brought by Dutch and English killed huge amounts of Indians ( probably more than a half of the population of Iroquois). The lost of such a big amount of people set the Iroquois with other tribes on a warpath and resulted in a war between Huron and Iroquois. Columbian Exchange – when Christopher Columbus discovered the Americas it set in motion a movement of people between Old and New World. Europeans got interested in Americas and its goods. Columbian exchange was a transfer of people, plants, animals, and disease between the Americas and the rest of the world that began during the time of Columbus ( XV century- about 1493). The Columbian Exchange had an impact on European and Indian life. Many unknown goods were exchanged between colonialists and Indians, such as plans (corn, potatoes), animals (ships, lamas, horses), tools (weapons), which changed life for both sides. The new discovered foods expanded diet for both sides. The quality of Indians' live got better with improved tools and weapons – for example they could defend themselves better against other tribes. Horses allowed them to travel through America easier and faster. However, the Columbian Exchange also had devastating effects on American Indians and their environment. Many diseases...
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...COLLAPSE HOW S O C I E T I E S CHOOSE TO FAIL OR S U C C E E D JARED DIAMOND VIK ING VIKING Published by the Penguin Group Penguin Group (USA) Inc., 375 Hudson Street, New York, New York 10014, U.S.A. Penguin Group (Canada), 10 Alcorn Avenue, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M4V 3B2 (a division of Pearson Penguin Canada Inc.) Penguin Books Ltd, 80 Strand, London WC2R ORL, England Penguin Ireland, 25 St. Stephen's Green, Dublin 2, Ireland (a division of Penguin Books Ltd) Penguin Books Australia Ltd, 250 Camberwell Road, Camberwell, Victoria 3124, Australia (a division of Pearson Australia Group Pty Ltd) Penguin Books India Pvt Ltd, 11 Community Centre, Panchsheel Park, New Delhi—110 017, India Penguin Group (NZ), Cnr Airborne and Rosedale Roads, Albany, Auckland 1310, New Zealand (a division of Pearson New Zealand Ltd) Penguin Books (South Africa) (Pty) Ltd, 24 Sturdee Avenue, Rosebank, Johannesburg 2196, South Africa Penguin Books Ltd, Registered Offices: 80 Strand, London WC2R ORL, England First published in 2005 by Viking Penguin, a member of Penguin Group (USA) Inc. 13579 10 8642 Copyright © Jared Diamond, 2005 All rights reserved Maps by Jeffrey L. Ward LIBRARY OF CONGRESS CATALOGING IN PUBLICATION DATA Diamond, Jared M. Collapse: how societies choose to fail or succeed/Jared Diamond. p. cm. Includes index. ISBN 0-670-03337-5 1. Social history—Case studies. 2. Social change—Case studies. 3. Environmental policy— Case studies. I. Title. HN13. D5 2005 304.2'8—dc22...
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