...Abstract The Iroquois Indians are regarded as the original inhabitants of New York State and Ontario. Prior to being colonized by the Europeans, mainly the British and French, there were five sub-tribes in the Iroquois nation. The Iroquois Indian has existed in North America for the last 4000years. The tribe consists of a well structured social, political, cultural and economic set up. Iroquois confederacy served the purpose of uniting the Indian tribes. The confederacy consisted of six Indian nations. This union provided the Indian tribes with an upper hand when negotiating with Europeans. The Iroquois Indians also had a council known as Onondaga that formed the purpose of serving the entire Indian tribes. The tribe was able to protect its farmland as a result of establishing strong military and efficient governance. Their association with the Dutch enabled the tribe to conquer the neighboring tribes. The union, that brought five tribes together and later joined by the Tuscarora in 1712, provided the native tribes of North America authority in terms of fighting for their rights in the mainstream society. The Iroquois Indians The Iroquois are part of the Indian tribes considered in history as the original occupants of Northern America. They are believed to originate from the soil just like trees that grow in the forest. This Indian tribe lived in settlements surrounded by lakes, hills, and forests. The Iroquois Indians believe they originated near Oswego...
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...Such as before, each topic discussed aligns within a bigger picture. History has managed to capture Native voices and viewpoints, which allows them to live through their words long after they are gone. It is through speeches and treaties that we are able to understand the worldview of non-Natives and their motivations with history to complete certain acts. A speech by an Iroquoian leader shows the deep resentment that many Native Americans felt about colonial encroachment on their lands and their subsequent difficulties with self-support. Canassatego, a leader of the Onondaga nation, became a prominent diplomat and spokesman of the Iroquois Confederacy in the 1740s. He was involved in several controversial land sales to British American officials and is best known for a speech he gave at the 1744 Treaty of Lancaster, where he recommended that the British colonies emulate the Iroquois by forming a confederacy....
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...Five Nations of the Iroquois: History of how they came together and exist now. Marceline Kilbourn Bryant and Stratton Professor Sheehan July 22, 2014 The Five Nations (Haudenosaunee) originally known as the Iroquois League is presently based in upstate New York. Originally, the League consists of the nations of Mohawk, Oneida, Onondaga, Cayuga, and Seneca. In 1722, the transition to what is called the Six Nations came to being when Tuscarora joined. According to history, the Five Nations started as distinct tribes by the middle of the 15th century. Each nation occupies a distinct territory and performs a different task. Iroquois influence and earlier domination ranges from Canada, to the Great Lakes and from Allegheny Mountains to Virginia and Kentucky. To live harmoniously with each other, the people from each nation came together and formed the Iroquois League which means Nations of Peace and Power as per their language. Would this change prove to be affluent or detrimental to the future of the Iroquois people? The League also known as the confederacy was known to have been established before contact with Europeans (Tooker, 1978) and its influence through alliances with other Indians, stretched east to west from New England to the great lakes, with Canada and south of Georgia. Strategically...
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...Following the capture of Fort William Henry, shown in James Fennimore Cooper's Last of the Mohicans, many of the British garrison were massacred by Indian allies of the French. The French were unable to control their allies. The 1757 appointment of William Pitt as British prime minister was the turning point in the French and Indian War. One of his first steps was to strengthen the British forces in North America and appoint commanders to pursue the war to a conclusion. He also instituted a policy regarding the employment of Indian allies. The work of Sir William Johnson, whose tireless efforts to convince the Iroquois to remain neutral at last bore fruit. The Iroquois persuaded the Delaware’s to cease warfare against the British. During the summer of 1758, a strong British force failed to take Fort Ticonderoga, but that failure was offset by the capture of Louisburg and Fort Frontenac. British fortunes were also improving in the south, where Gen. John Forbes cut a new trail through the Pennsylvania wilderness in yet another effort to take Fort...
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...This ongoing fight is a result of the complexity of indigenous “nested sovereignty” within a colonized state. Today, the effects of this conflict manifest in the Iroquois territory, which spans from upstate New York to the surrounding Lake Ontario region in Canada. The dynamic between colonial states and the Haudenosaunee is embodied in two standpoints; while the settler state administration focuses on addressing the “problem”...
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...An important red-letter day in the history of America was the day England defeated the Spanish Armada in the English Channel. This event strengthened England’s confidence and marked the beginning of the end of Spain’s imperialism. While previously Spain was a dominant force of colonization and exploration, England finally began to gear up for an even more successful and lasting conquest of the Americas. England’s new sense of confidence, unity, and preparedness set the stage for colonization of what would eventually be the United States. The settlers of Jamestown had a difficult start in the New World. The settlers, mostly noble “gentlemen”, spent their time searching for gold instead of building shelter or looking for food. As a result,...
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...During the time period 1743-63 the French and Indian war led to many political, ideological, and economic changes. Politically there were many changes during this time period. George Washington is writing a letter stating his desire to get back in the army after he was relieved of command. (Document C) Washington was defeated at Fort Necessity which began to stir up the French and Indian war. After Washington was relieved of command that led to someone new with different ideas lead the people. The Massachusetts’ soldiers are prepared for the harsh cold conditions. They are not allowed to go home, even though their enlistment is almost over. (Document D) The British did not treat the American militia very well. During this time period there...
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...Civil war was a major turning point for the united states, it’s one of the factors that made U.S as what its today. the change didn’t come easily although the civil war of 1861 isn’t something we can experience today we can feel the tension from just reading history. Life for both confederate army and union soldiers in army camps were about fighting for their cause, their country. for the same reason their life was on line. this quote explains how they lived through the camps “army regulations called for washing one’s hands and face every day and taking complete bath once a week, many soldiers failed to do so. as result, body lice, dysentery, and diarrhea were common” and adding to that many starved, they didn’t have a proper meal or constant pays. they had to camp through extreme weather, they weren’t able to see their family and loved ones for months, sometimes a year too. On the other side civilians were mostly women, children, elderly, slaves and rich people in the in both states. women had to work in the place of the south men and it was like that in north they had simple jobs, a lower pay than men. most women in the civil war experienced the loss of father, son, husband cousin or friend. it wasn’t easy for anyone except rich people because they had the choices, not to go to army. in the south if you had more than 40 slaves than you didn’t have to go with army. in north...
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...C132 Survey of United States History Griselda Brower Task 1 A. Motives for English Imperialism Empires seek various prompts to help them expand their rule to other countries and territories. Amongst these motives include, economic gain, exploratory, political, religious and ethnocentric motives. Due to the large importation of American crops, England’s population doubled in size. With all the new people migrating to England, people started to compete for food, clothing and housing. This led to inflation of England. The increase number of people looking for works caused a decreased in wages. When landowners raised rents and seizing land, people were forced to leave their homes. Residents were forced to share smallholdings with multiple families. Living conditions worsen as the years went by. People were getting sick because of the unsanitary conditions in which they lived. In 1950, there were approximately 75,000 people living in London. A century later, nearly 450,000 occupied the streets of London. People began to migrate to the “new world” in hopes of improving their circumstances. Economic expansion was necessary in order for government and private organizations to maximize their profits. The economic expansion demanded cheap labor, the ability to buy and sell products to other countries, natural resources and land. After the Revolutionary War, the government met these requirements by meeting these demands by providing European factories and markets the materials they...
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...contrasting subjects. (Noting their similarities and differences) Background Information: Not everyone agrees on what we should teach or on how it should be taught. Often what is considered important to learn depends on where and when we’re living. For example, the speech and letter that follow were written before Native American cultures received much respect from European Americans. Native American leaders have had to argue that their culture, language, history, and way of life are useful knowledge. In the 1700s, the British and the French were competing for land and resources in North America. English colonists thought that by offering Iroquois boys the chance to attend the university in Virginia, they would convince the Iroquois to support their side. Chief Canasatego of the Onondaga Tribe was an influential leader in the Iroquois Confederacy, a group of tribes in the upper New York State area. In 1927, Mayor William Hale Thompson of Chicago raised a protest against school textbooks he believed presented history in a way that was prejudiced in favor of Great Britain. The mayor wanted to revise textbooks to be what he called “100 percent American.” The members of the Grand Council Fire of American Indians—led by its president Scott H....
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...Government 2305 Chapter 1 1. Describe the different early inhabitants and settlements or the New World: -Jamestown The founding of Jamestown, America’s first permanent English colony, in Virginia in 1607 – sparked a series of cultural encounters that helped shape the nation and the world. The government, language, customs, beliefs and aspirations of these early Virginians are all part of the United States’ heritage today. The colony was sponsored by the Virginia Company of London, a group of investors who hoped to profit from the venture. Chartered in 1606 by King James I, the company also supported English national goals of counterbalancing the expansion of other European nations abroad, seeking a northwest passage to the Orient, and converting the Virginia Indians to the Anglican religion. Initially, the colony was governed by a council of seven, with one member serving as president. Serious problems soon emerged in the small English outpost, which was located in the midst of a chiefdom of about 14,000 Algonquian-speaking Indians ruled by the powerful leader Powhatan. Relations with the Powhatan Indians were tenuous, although trading opportunities were established. An unfamiliar climate, as well as brackish water supply and lack of food, conditions possibly aggravated by a prolonged drought, led to disease and death. Many of the original colonists were upper-class Englishmen, and the colony lacked sufficient laborers and skilled...
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...Minority Groups in the Revolution: Women, Blacks and Native American Cherdae O. Kirkland History 121 02A Instr. Shuman April 19, 2011 Introduction The American Revolution began in 1775. It was a war fought between Great Britain and thirteen British colonies. It was also called the American Revolutionary War, United States War of Independence. The conflict between the British troops and the colonist began in Lexington and Concord Massachusetts when the Patriots (colonists who rebelled against British control) fired at British Soldiers in April 1775. Tensions were mounting from the Patriots or colonists, who were an angry about having to pay British taxes with little or no parliament representation. The Patriots wanted their independence from British rule and the opportunity to form the own government system. Although the war was originally a civil war between the British and the thirteen colonies, it quickly turned into an international conflict. This war lasted for eight years. “The turmoil of the revolution disrupted traditional class and social relationships and helped transform the lives of people who had long been relegated to the social periphery---African Americans, women and Indians.” Role of Women in the American Revolutionary War During the American Revolution, women played an active role in the British and American armies. Many of these women were wives and daughters of the soldiers. A lot of the women made small contributions to the war, but those...
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...The question that remains, however, is if communism will ever be achievable. From my research, it is clear that the Soviets did not practice true communism. So does that make communism unattainable? According to Karl Marx, the answer is no. He believed that communism has already been achieved in the past amongst hunter-gatherers, and amongst other societies that have not yet become feudal. He called this primitive communism. The Iroquois, a powerful indigenous American confederacy, practiced primitive communism. According to Frederick Engels, the Iroquoian household “[was] run communistically by a number of families; the land [was] tribal property, only the small gardens being temporarily assigned to the household” (Simpson). Decisions were made by the people through general agreement (Simpson). The law looked after the people, ensuring that all were treated equally, including the women, and that wealth was equally distributed among the people...
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...enslaved Africans across the Atlantic. The demand for slaves in the Americas was insatiable, leading to the development of complex networks of trade routes, slave markets, and plantations. The Chesapeake, with its fertile land and lucrative tobacco industry, became a major destination for enslaved Africans. By the early 18th century, the slave trade had become firmly established, and the region witnessed a dramatic increase in the number of enslaved people. This influx of African slaves significantly altered the demographics of the Chesapeake, transforming it from a society primarily composed of European indentured servants to one with a substantial and growing Black population. A quote from the article What Was Life Like in Jamestown? By History, it states “By 1619, tobacco was king and daily life for almost everyone in Jamestown revolved around producing and selling tobacco. In August, the first Africans arrived as indentured servants. Although they were not officially slaves and might eventually gain their freedom, they’d been kidnapped from their homeland and forced to live a hard life of servitude. Their presence opened the door for Virginia to accept the institution of slavery and eventually replace African indentured servants with enslaved Africans.” The composition of the Black population in the Chesapeake underwent significant changes during this period. Initially, the majority of enslaved people were men, reflecting the demand for physical labor on tobacco plantations....
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...The French and Indian War, the American Revolution, and the War of 1812 Cesar Zapata United States History I (HIS101) Fiona Mani September 19, 2014 The French and Indian War, the American Revolution, and the War of 1812 The foundation and formation of the United States as we know it today is in great part due to three wars, the French and Indian War, the American Revolution, and the War of 1812. Each war involved Great Britain as one of the major combatants against English Colonists, French Colonies, and the United States from the beginning of the French and Indian War in 1754 to the end of the War of 1812 in 1815. Military strategies and involvement greatly contributed to the victory of some and the loss of others through the wars that changed the nation. The French and Indian War (1756)...
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