...Conflict and Change Harvard Case Study Professor: Robert Lazer PhD Team: Zerrin Hejazi, Mark Klabonski, Elizabeth Lamb, Hari Thenneti Pandurangamoorthi, & Hareshkumar Surani The History of Merck U.S. sales office opened in and George Merck, Heinrich’s grandson, was appointed head of the U.S. branch Friedrich Jacob Merck opened Merck in Germany 1668 1827 Heinrich E Merck transformed the business and Merck began manufacturing 1887 Merck merged with Philadelphia pharmacy Sharp & Dohme 1891 The renamed company Merck & Co. opens for business 1953 2009 Merck merged with ScheringPlough Corporation and Organon BioSciences Pharmaceutical Industry • The average drug development time is over fifteen years with an average R&D expenditure of $800 million. • The FDA requires three phases of testing to assess safety and effectiveness. o Test results dictate what is displayed on the drug’s label and how the doctor will prescribe it. • Follow-up studies (Phase 5) can be performed to assess the drug after market release (Phase 4) and amend the drug label for improved sales. Pharmaceutical Success • 1981 to 2001, Merck experienced an upward trend on several industry metrics. • Their Return on Sales (ROS) for their Human Pharma line peaked at just over 40% in 2001 with an average of 24% . • The early 1990’s exhibited a downward trend just prior to Gilmartin assuming the role of CEO. Pharmaceutical Success ...
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...Merck 1. What products has Merck developed and introduced recently? On the Merck website they have developed a product pipeline. This is a very helpful tool for those who want to follow their progress. This pipeline allows for people to see what phase each developing medication is in. These phases include phase II, phase III, and under review. The pipeline also shows the medication category, therapeutic area, and whether or not the medication has advanced. According to the product pipeline medications that Merck have developed that are recently under review are Zerbaxa, Omarigliptin, Grazoprevir/Elbasvir, Bridion, and Keytruda. Two of these medications have been introduced and moved forward including Grazoprevir and Keytruda. Medications included on the phase III list include Verubecestat, Anacetrapib, Keytruda, Letermovir, Ertugliflozin, Omarigliptin, Zerbaxa, and Doravirine. Medications included on the product pipeline list for phase II include Relbactam, Keytruda, Vericiguat, and Grazoprevir. 2. What role does research play in Merck's success? How...
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...Questions for the Merck Case Create a decision tree for Merck. The 2 leftmost branches would identify the alternatives related to licensing Davarink (specifically license versus not to license). Next, if Merck decides to pursue license, they go into phase I which results in a success, or failure. Phase I success is followed by phase II where Merck has the opportunity to develop the drug to treat depression alone, weight loss alone, or both, or contemplate phase II failure. Finally phase II success for different options leads to phase III, and there are success or failure related outcomes for each of the alternatives in phase II (i.e. developing the drug to treat depression, weight loss, or both). HINTS: Within each phase, remember that the probabilities of various outcomes (including failure, which is not always mentioned as an option) should add up to 100%. In each phase, the stated cost already includes fees paid to LAB. For example, cost of Phase I is $30 million (this number includes $5 million paid to LAB). A careful read of the case is critical to get the tree, various probabilities and the cash flows right. Please be sure to include your decision tree along with your answer to the questions below. 1) What is the expected value in launching Davarink as an antidepressant only? 2) What is the expected value in launching Davarink to treat only weight loss? 3) What is the expected value in launching Davarink for possibility of separate...
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...que repercutió en el desplome del rendimiento de activos de dicha empresa, hasta antes de la conformación de un comité de estudio para mejorar resolver dicha problemática en el año de 1985. Merck & Co., es una farmacéutica que tuvo sus inicios en Alemania en 1668; en el año de 1887 apertura su sucursal en la ciudad de New York, Estados Unidos; en primera instancia para comercializar los productos alemanes, posterior a ello se dedicó a fabricar medicamentos y productos químicos que hasta la actualidad gozan de fama y prestigio. Merck & Co., ocupó titulares de renombre y gozó de prestigiosos premios, además de la fama que incluían su solidez financiera, calidad en sus productos, innovación, y capacidad para desarrollar talento de su personal, su rentabilidad era superior a las otras corporaciones de su medio. Sin embargo y pese al éxito, en 1983 Merck & Co., empezó a experimentar un declive en sus activos, el rendimiento de la misma quedó rezagada en esa fecha, debido a varios factores económicos del medio, y del descontento existente entre el personal debido a la aplicación no adecuada del sistema de medición del desempeño por ende de las recompensas. Introdujo por primera vez en 1978 el programa de administración de salarios y evaluación del desempeño de Merck, en el que los supervisores evaluaban en una escala del 1 al 5 a sus empleados, designando al 1 como rendimiento inaceptable y 5 como rendimiento excepcional. La escala era absoluta y la calificación...
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...Case Study: Merck Acquisition of Medco Professor Daniel Weiss FI561 January 23, 2011 DeVry University Case Study: Merck Acquisition of Medco Abstract The purpose of this case study is to determine whether it would be beneficial to merge Merck Corporation with Medco Containment Services Incorporated. The merger and acquisition between the world’s largest drug manufacturer and the largest prescription benefits management company (PBM) and marketer of mail order medicines in the United States would result in a successful campaign to take over the drug industry if handled appropriately. As Chairman and CEO of Merck Corporation, I have to consider all sides of the arguments, financially, marketing and cultural wise and come to a conclusion as to whether this merger would be a good idea for the company. Like any other investment and merger, there are risks, and I have to decide what would be best in the interest of this company. The details as to whether the decision to acquire or not acquire Medco will be described in this paper. Along with data that helps make that final decision. There are a few things one must take into account before making a decision. You have to look at the long term run, whether or not the merger and acquisition will be successful. You also have to take synergy into account; it is the most important reason why there are a lot of mergers and acquisitions. Synergy would be when two companies join forces to create additional value and cut costs...
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...Merck & Costa Rica Case Study Rory S Smith Ethics in Global Environment State University of New York Empire State College Introduction Companies globally are often times scrutinize for their business practices. They face strong opposition and public humiliation when they conduct their business in an unethical way. When companies operate globally, they must ensure they are operating in a socially responsible manner. Being socially responsible is not just giving back to the local community but to be aware of any unforeseen threats that may affect the business. Many countries around the world do not have strict laws governing the preservation of their natural resources. Global companies see this to their advantage to reap the natural resources and leaving back not an ounce of guilt, for a country’s social and economic instability caused by their actions. Industries like manufacturing, pharmaceutical and oil refinery, many corporations contribute to the injustice of violating human rights and the environment. As the business world and economy evolves into a free market enterprise, many corporations continue to demonstrate poor business practices and it is becoming difficult to hold them liable for their actions. Many corporations are also being very silent about their unjust business practices and have many ways to cover up any reported abuse. Countries that experience environmental violations, should impose strict regulatory policies so that...
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...MERCK MBA Healthcare Management Capstone (HCM650-1403B-01) Phase 1 Individual Project Student: Brenda Wilfred Instructor: Professor Ruth Lindegarde Colorado Technical University Online August 24, 2014 Repost Professor Timothy Tapp; Applied Managerial Healthcare Finance, Professor Kristaizell Darby: Management the Healthcare Organization (HCM612-1401B-01), Professor Jenson Hagen: ECON616-1402A-0 Applied Managerial Economics, and Professor Kristy Taylor: Systems in Healthcare (HCM632-1403A-01) Abstract Pharmaceutical comes from Greek word “Pharmakeia” with the modern translation as “Pharmacia”. Many people owe their lives to many lifesaving medicines, without which they might not have seen another day in their life. Pharmaceutical companies are responsible for discovering new drugs, marketing them and getting them licensed for their use as medications. All drugs so produced have to go through a strict process of patenting and testing and are subjected to all sorts of safety checks and a variety of laws and regulations. These pharmaceutical companies not only play a very important role in the medicine industry but also play a significant role in the revenue industry and the development of a nation. Here are top 10 pharmaceutical companies in world. The global economic crisis is impacting every area of business and forcing corporations to reevaluate how they conduct operations. In an effort to operate in the leanest most efficient manner, some corporations...
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...The accused attacker of, the American actress who is famous for portraying Abby Sciuto on the American drama series NCIS, Pauley Perrette has been charged. Some media outlets have obtained the criminal complaint against the homeless man - David Merck, who allegedly attacked Pauley Perrette last week. The Los Angeles district attorney charged the homeless man with one count of criminal threat and one count false imprisonment by violence, and both charges were felonies. The district attorney stated that if David Merck is found guilty on both charges, David Merck will serve in state prison a maximum of four years. The 45-year-old David Merck was arrested by the police last week on a felony assault, and behind bars with a bail amount of $60,000....
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...CASE 6-MERCK Problems The first problem is even before the drug was approved, some evidence cast doubt on the safety of Vioxx. The study found—as the company had expected—that Vioxx was easier on the stomach than naproxen. But it also found that the Vioxx group had nearly five times as many heart attacks. Some analysts criticized DTC advertising, saying that it put pressure on doctors to prescribe drugs that might not be best for the patient. Solutions Merck faced serious and terrible situation because its medicine caused patients’ deaths. According to the case, The Merck Inc.’s solution is that recalled all the Vioxx which cause the stock price decrease dramatically. But it is important to repair the company’s image and leave good impression to people. By apologizing to consumers through TV and taking responsible for the mistakes will help Merck Inc. retrieve their consumers. On the other hand, analyst argued that the methods DTC advertise their products are criticized. The reason is that analysts think that “when a patient comes in and wants something, there is a desire to serve them.” Because of the direct-to-consumer ad makes patients believe that all drugs are safe, it is not correct to leave such impression to consumers. Drugs are not safe at all, and doctor should examine all of them before recommending to patients. Recommendations I think the solution is a good symbol to help company’s development. As we all know, if they only cared about profit, not their patient’s...
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...Stakeholder Analysis – Merck Identify Key Stakeholders In the pharmaceutical industry, there is much to consider and constantly change in order to continue profits. In order to continue profits, a main factor, as said by former Merck president George W Merck, is the people. Merck said, “We try to never forget that medicine is for the people”. The first group of stakeholders has to be the people, or the consumer. The consumer is actually using the product from Merck and Co. and ultimately determines the success of the business. The second group of stakeholders is the employees. Employees determine the performance of the company. The employees consist of the executives and the lower management. A third group is the research and developers. A new drug must be created in order for the company to succeed. Ray Gilmartin, CEO, invests millions to create new drugs for Merck. One important example is the race to create one’s own Cox-2-inhibiting painkiller. A fourth group of key stakeholders is the doctors. Sales representatives try to sell Merck’s product to doctor’s offices. $102 million was spent just on sales representatives. Successful sales representatives lead to doctors writing prescriptions to patients for Merck’s products. Lastly, investors are a key stakeholder. An investor in the business cares about the downfalls and upcoming of a company because it is their money. The investor wants to receive a return on their initial investment and for the company to do well. Identify...
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...Case FIN561: Mergers and Acquisitions You decide: Merck Acquition of Medco Vikash Sharma In July 1993, Merck & Co., the largest pharmaceutical company in the world at that time, acquired Medco Containment Services for $6.6 billion. Medco was the largest prescription benefits management company. With the drug industry experiencing the effects of managed care, pharmaceutical companies had to adapt to new means of distribution. Merck realized that the decisions of what treatments and what drugs should be used in patients’ care were increasingly being influenced by the managed care environment rather than by physicians. In the world of managed care, it was no longer sufficient to market just to physicians. The successful pharmaceutical companies of the future would be companies that were able to adapt to the changed distribution system. This was a very strategic move my Merck and this vertical integration was a move that all its competitors were also targeting. In 1994 SmithKline acquired DPS for $2.2B and later that year Eli Lily acquired PCS for $4.1B. In order to understand why Merck acquired Medco, which was a pharmacy benefits management (PBM) company, we need to look at the role of this so-called PBM’s. These PBM’s have several functions * Process Pharmacy claims i.e. check for eligibility when an order is placed at the retail store, check for copayment etc * Set up Pharmacy benefit, which is to apply PBM codes to what drugs are covered under a particular...
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...would be a valuable asset. The insight it can give Merck and the access to the market to increase share and give insight to Merck’s drug treatments will be invaluable. MARKETING & SALES CONSIDERATIONS Currently Merck has to send out its own reps to doctors where Medco does the same to doctors and companies. This will eliminate that area for Merck and result in a $1 billion annual savings in redundant marketing costs by a reduction of Merck’s sales force by using the marketing strategies of Medco’s database and ideology of marketing to plan managers as opposed to doctors. OPERATERATIONAL CONSIDERATIONS Medco’s database that allows Merck to identify prescriptions that can be switched from competitors to their brand will help increase market share while weakening competition. Merck pharmacists will be able to suggest these switches to the patient’s doctor. FINANCIAL CONSIDERATIONS Medco has about 33 million customers in the United States and manages 95 million prescriptions a year for government, unions, insurance firms and companies. Revenues for Medco were $2.2 billion. OTHER FACTORS (REGULATORY ISSUES – HUMAN RESOURCES ISSUES – SYNERGY ISSUES) Synergy between Merck and Medco could be achieved by IT integration, non-duplication of efforts and using Medco’s approach of working with plan managers instead of doctors to reduce costs of marketing. Company Backgrounds Merck & Co., Inc. (NYSE: MRK), dba Merck Sharp & Dohme, MSD outside the...
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...MERCK AND RIVER BLINDNESS 1. Think about the definition of stakeholders — any parties with a stake in the organization’s actions or performance. Who are the stakeholders in this situation? How many can you list? On what basis would you rank them in importance? People suffering from the disease or those who potentially may be infected – would directly benefit from the cure Merck employees at all levels – profitability and the economic health of the company affects current employees Merck shareholders – inability to profit from the drug might have a negative effect on shareholder’s value, but taking the stand on “doing the right thing” might have a favorable effect on company’s reputation and increase the value of the stock Various healthcare organizations – Merck is one of the leaders in the industry whose actions or inactions may affect the state of the industry as a whole One way to rank stakeholders in importance is by their level of benefit from the drug putting people suffering from the disease in the first place as they would benefit the most from the invent of the cure. Then, employees and shareholders would share the second place, provided that the company would most likely not be able to recover funds invested in the long and expensive process of developing the drug which in turn would affect company’s profitability. Finally, various healthcare organizations would rank third; the effect on them would depend on the level of their involvement in the process...
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...a potential cost or benefit. Scientists are extremely important to pharmaceutical companies and Merck’s research scientists wanted to pursue this. Allowing them to do so, might make them feel good about themselves and their work. Finally, there are opportunity costs. What drugs might “not” get discovered, because scientists were working on this one The choice That Company has: Distribute New Medicine Protect Veterinary Business Merck Should Develop Companies do not justify every investment to shareholders, so we are not convinced that they would need to justify this one. But, they certainly would not be able to justify it in terms of the financial bottom line. They would have to justify it in terms of goodwill, or some other more difficult to measure criterion. Cost of development of human drug is less as when they had to find for new drug That if other organizations decided to go on their own and produce and distribute Mectizan without Merck, the cost of production would be significantly higher for them than for Merck due to the need to invest in production facilities. To be conservative, we assume that their cost savings in distribution are...
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...Abstract Merck & Company (Merck) is evaluating the possible acquisition of Medco Containment Services Incorporated (Medco). The Chief Operating Officer, Executive Vice President of Sales and Marketing, and the Chief Financial Officer have all stated their thoughts and concerns regarding this matter. It is my job to make the final recommendation to the Board of Trustees. Executive Summary Merck is a leading pharmaceutical manufacturer and Medco is a leading pharmacy benefits manager. Both companies have a strong hold on their piece of the market. In 1992, Merck had revenue of $9.7 billion while Medco recorded $2.2 in revenue.4 Benefits of the merger include: * Increased marketing potential through Medco’s accumulated data * Access into the Managed Care market * Decreased costs in sales and marketing efforts Risks include: * Merging of corporate cultures * Loss of R&D dollars due to subsidizing Medco * Regulatory and compliance threats. The stated price for the merger is $6.6 Billion. At the time of the merger, I would have recommended to the Board to proceed with the merger as benefits seem to out-weigh the risks. However, in looking back, due to the FTC findings stating the merger did create an unfair advantage to Merck, I would have to re-evaluate. Merck was unable to issue the intended Medco IPO which had a planned offer price of $20 to $22 per share. In 2003 announced its plan to spin off Medco to existing Merck shareholders...
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