...PLANETS By Reanna Hinson The purpose of my project and essay is to familiarize ourselves with the different planets within our own solar system. I will present different, unique and amazing facts about each the eight planets. My project also displays a colored example of what each planet appears to look like as well as statistical information. Mercury, Venus, Earth, and Mars, are called the terrestrial planets because they have solid rocky surfaces. Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune and are called gas giants. Earth is the only planet of the eight that has life forms as we know them. All other planets have extreme conditions such as temperatures, atmospheres and weather that make life as we know it impossible to exist, but we still keep looking for alien signs of life. Mercury Mercury is a small planet that spins very slowly in orbit around the sun. It is the planet closest to the sun and has extreme temperature changes. During the day the temperature can soar to 870° Fahrenheit and at night time down to -300° Fahrenheit. Mercury has no moons and a very small and weak atmosphere because the Sun’s solar winds have blown it away. This causes very little to no air on Mercury. Venus Venus and Earth are just about the same size, but Venus always has a thick cloud cover making it impossible to see the surface of the planet, and traps a lot of the Sun’s heat making it the hottest average temperature of all the planets. The average temperature is 850° Fahrenheit...
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...Abstract This essay touches on the issue of NASA funding. It tries to persuade NASA as well as the government to increase funding for NASA’s manned space missions. It uses substantial evidence from many sources to help make its argument valid as well as persuasive. Within the essay there is a brief introduction stating the thesis for the topic followed by a background section. This section helps to better explore the topic at hand. The main body of the argument revolves around the reasons with evidence for the thesis statement with refutation. Finally, the conclusion draws everything together by restating the thesis with reasons, and helping to better answer the question of whether funding should be increased for the space program. Introduction “That’s one small step for man, one giant leap for mankind!” These words of Neil Armstrong as he took his first steps onto the moon signified one of the greatest achievements of the modern world, and the American space program. The National Aeronautics and Space Administration have been responsible for many stupendous achievements not only for the U.S., but for humans abroad. As of February 2006, their mission statement has been to, “pioneer the future in space exploration, scientific discovery and aeronautics research.” What is the ultimate goal of NASA’s work? Do all of the discoveries we make benefit the general population? Will exploring the universe and searching for life on other planets help us gain the big picture of where we...
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...because of the limited research. In this essay we will discuss the common misconceptions that students have when understand the seasons of the earth, Along with identifying the other planets and if they have season or not. Also we will explain the aphelion, the perihelion and how it affects planet seasons. There are few common misconceptions that students think are true regarding the reasons for seasons on earth. Students usually believe that because of the earth’s distance and its orbits around the sun causes the seasons. That is because students believe that the earth is in an elongated elliptical path that causes the season depending on the distance. When all actuality the sun is in an orbit, as well as an elliptical path is an almost perfect circle. Another misconception is the earth is either far or close to the sun at various points of the path of orbit, in fact the earth stays in alignment almost constantly all year. The sun all around stays in the heat range of 5,778 Kelvin, there are no season on the sun since it is a star. The moon on other hand has various temperatures. During daylight the moons temperature grows to 253 degrees, and when its night the moon reaches -387 degrees. Mercury is in a tilt of an axis of zero. This means that there’s no seasonal type on the plant mercury. Mercury also as no atmosphere, that means that the weather changes don’t look like regular seasonal changes but as big changes in the surface temperature. Venus has season that are shorter...
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...carcinogens and toxins. In this essay I will be explaining why fracking should be stopped. First, the air quality around the fracking sites has become dangerous. The emissions are leaking from wells; the most notable offender being methane which is a greenhouse gas commonly is linked to being a component of global warming. The air has contained chemicals like benzene, sulfur dioxide and hydrogen sulfide. These chemicals have been known to cause lung related issues as well as several types of cancer. In high enough doses these chemicals could cause death, in humans and livestock alike. Volatile organic compounds are released into the atmosphere from the waste fluid produced during fracking. These waste fluids are unsafely left in open air pits to evaporate creating acid rain, ground level ozone and contaminated air. All of these unnatural occurrences are devastating to surrounding communities, and ecological systems. The once pristine fields in Wyoming now have an ozone count higher than LA on its worse days (Jackson 3). The amount of children with asthma has risen from nine to twenty five percent of children in Texas. The ozone levels have been found to cause dangerous changes in the heart, leading to heart attacks (Jackson 4). Another area being damaged by fracking is the land which, in many circumstances is used for agricultural or residential purposes. The waste from the fracking process returns to the surface. When it returns to the surface it...
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...overstretched. This mainly effects on the areas such as wastewater treatment of household and industrial water, water recycling for health care system (Rivett, 2011). In the other hand, the status of the lack of infrastructure and because of their age these are originally occur with the discharge of contaminated waste liquid and solid directly to the surrounding environment and which find their way into surface water or groundwater(Grand-Clement at el.,...
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...life. Air pollutants include oxides of carbon, nitrogen and sulphur, halogenated and non-halogenated hydrocarbons, suspended inorganic particulate matters, inorganic and organic acids, insecticides, bacteria, viruses, etc. Also read: Essay on Environmental Pollution: Causes, Effects and Solution Characteristics: Air pollution characteristics in a particular region are influenced by: * The type and amount of pollutant and their source of emission. * The topographical and meteorological conditions affecting dispersion, concentration and trans-boundary transport of pollutants. * The type of technology and various raw materials used in the manufacturing process and the type and quantum of emissions. * The extent of industrialization and population density. Sources of air pollutants Major sources of air pollution includes both natural sources and man-made source (anthropogenic). A. Natural sources: The natural sources of air pollutants includes volcanic eruptions, forest fires, deflation of sands and dusts, storms, etc. Pollutants from natural sources Volcanoes: Volcanic activity produces pollutants such as ashes, smokes, carbon dioxide, chlorine, sulfur, dust and other gases. Land surface: The dusts and soil particles from large ground surfaces, and salts from seas and ocean, etc. often get mixed with earth’s...
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...Maria Vasilenko 223901 Feasibility of using biosensors for heavy metal detection in complex matrices such as bio-slurries. Master of Science Thesis Examiners: Professor Matti Karp Professor Raghida Lepistö Examiner and topic approved in The Science and Bioengineering Department Council meeting on 7.11.2012 Abstract TAMPERE UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY Master‟s Degree Programme in Science and Bioengineering Vasilenko Maria: Feasibility of using biosensors for heavy metal detection in complex matrices such as bio-slurries. Seminar paper, 97 pages November 2012 Major: Biotechnology Examiners: Matti Karp, Raghida Lepisto Keywords: environmental pollution, heavy metals, biosensors, slurries The quality of bioslurries that are used in industrial production and agriculture need to be watched very closely to avoid spreading of contaminants on area and poisoning of humans and animals. Because heavy metals are very stable and toxic in many chemical compositions, their amount should be estimated very thoroughly. A new approach that involved biosensors was tested in this study. Because the slurries are complex non-unified matrices which composed of two phases – solid and liquid, the cell behavior can varies a lot from the one that explained in water and so the estimation of ion concentration can be not reliable. It was shown that the cell actually behave different in the slurries. Normally the dissolved compounds suppress the biosensor activity and, in the same time, the ions in the...
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...Travis Weaver English 112 June 1st, 2012 Primary Research Essay Lake Wylie is located on Gaston and Mecklenburg Counties in North Carolina and York County in South Carolina. The lakes water supply primarily comes from the Catawba River. The lake is man-made and used to create hydroelectricity by Duke Power Company. Lake Wylie is a large lake and offers an abundance of space for recreation and activities including: boating, fishing, water skiing, sun bathing, swimming and numerous other activities around the lake. It is enjoyed by many people during the summer time. Safety on the water becomes a problem with so many people participating in water activities. Several People die and many others are injured each year in association with the lake. The first thing that comes to mind when being around water is being able to swim. Many people die each year while being on the lake because they cannot swim or not very strong swimmers. Some people think its not cool to wear a life jacket so they jump into the lake without wearing one. They can swim for a short while but they become exhausted and are not close enough to grab on to anything and they struggle to keep their head above the water. Other children were never taught how to swim at all and they think they will be fine hugging onto a float or noodle but they can lose their grip and down they go. The water is dark and by the time someone notices it is to late. The lake water itself is a safety concern. There have been reports...
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...EXOPLANET ATMOSPHERES Year 3 Term 2 Essay Project for the Degree of Bachelor of Science in Physics with Theoretical Physics Ho Yin Desmond YUEN Department of Physics, Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom Submitted Version: Summer Term, 4th May 2015 ABSTRACT The objective in studying exoplanet atmospheres is to understand their atmospheric composition and properties, thus, to deduce the planets’ habitability. Favoured by their close proximity, studying the atmospheres within our own Solar System and seeking for resemblance is a fundamental first step before we proceed off to extra-solar systems. While the ultimate goal of detecting a true Earth twin is some time off, we are busy trying to understand the atmospheres of hot Jupiters and hot Neptunes through observing primary and secondary transits of these exoplanets. During the past decade, conflicting observations between ground- and space-based facilities, different methods of data treatment, and resolving limitations of measuring instruments have been a source of debate in the astronomy community. Controversies over the atmospheres of two of the most extensively studied exoplanets, HD 189733b and GJ 436b, are discussed here. Through a series of investigation and evaluation, the hot Jupiter, HD 189733b, is believed to possess a carbon-monoxide-rich atmosphere with a sodium-abundant troposphere, topped with high-altitude haze. The hot Neptune...
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...The Condition of Lake Heron Sherrika R. Newman Professor Carrie Miller English Composition November 24, 2013 Lake Heron is one of five Great Lakes located on the west by the state of Michigan in the United States. It is the second-largest Great Lakes due to the having a surface area of 23,000 square miles. But by volume Lake Huron is only the third largest of the Great Lakes. Looking at illustration (A) below, Lake Heron is surrounded by Lake Superior, Lake Michigan, Lake Erie and Lake Ontario. It is often referred to “the lake in the middle.” (A) In illustration (A) above you can also see that Lake Huron is connected to Lake Michigan through the straights of St. Mary’s River. It is a fact that this lake was the first Great Lakes to be discovered by European explorers. It is also a reality that Lake Heron has become a victim to water pollution over recent years. This has become a major issue for Coastal Conversationalist. Lake Huron has become a major dumping ground for many different types of pollutants. These pollutants enter the lakes fresh water and are commonly classified by point source or non-point source pollution. Point source can usually be traced back to the specific location and source of culprit. Dumping of hazardous chemical depositions or nuclear waste from industrial and treatment facilities is an example of point source pollution. Because point source pollution can be traced back to the owner it is the easiest source of pollution to control and regulate...
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...Alen Sonny Mr. Lewis APUSH Period 5 13 April, 2014 The War between Communism and Democracy for Dominance of Space The Space Race was a war of firsts between the United States of America and the Union Soviet Socialist Republics. But it was also the culmination of the dreams of man for many millennia and the team who worked on the space programs was able to discover what so many of the people that came before and after them could only dream of. It was an endeavor that all of humanity was invested in at the time. It was a testament to the power of the human spirit and it showed how nothing was impossible if we persevered and strived to be better. The space race did not start as one would expect with the respective American and Soviet space agencies. But rather it began with the German V2 missile launches towards the end of World War 2. The V2 missile was designed by Wernher Von Braun a German scientist who had dreamed of traveling to the moon for many years; however this dream had to be secret as it was considered to be treasonous and not helpful to the German cause. Von Braun and many other amateur rocketeers were drafted into the German war machine in order to help build a super weapon and their base was Peenemünde. When the war was nearing its end the Third Reich unleashed its secret weapon, the V2 missile. It could hit anywhere within its target range and there would be no warning. When it hit, it caused scenes of mass destruction. The V2 missiles were to be Hitler’s...
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...“business as usual” trajectory of rising greenhouse gas emissions (or even maintaining emissions at current levels) threatens the very survival of humans, not to mention other animals and plants. (Lee, Mark, and Kenneth I., 11) As the world is increasingly focusing on environmental awareness, a new “green” trend has arisen. This research essay will discuss the issue of sustainability of the environment in production, growing consumer interest in the green trend, and how it is affecting businesses. The effects of an altered climate are already evident in retreating glaciers, shrinking polar ice, droughts, floods, and other extreme weather events. As environmental awareness is becoming more common, and since production industries tend to think in terms of the long run (Wilson, Tim) there is a demand for a transformational shift towards sustainable systems of production and consumption, however many people confuse being green with being sustainable. To be green, substances from the earth's core must not be extracted faster than they're regenerated, pollutants must not be discharged into the atmosphere faster than the earth's systems can clean them, and surface level resources must not be destroyed or harvested faster than they are regenerated (Wills, Brett). To be sustainable, materials and energy inputs must be harvested in a way that does not deprive future generations, meaning use of resources that are renewable (such as wood or solar energy) and recyclable (such as metals or paper)...
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...economic, social, and political characteristics which make it a unique and challenging natural resource to manage. Water resources refer to the supply of groundwater and surface water in a given area. Water resources may also reference the current or potential value of the resource to the community and the environment. The maximum rate that water is potentially available for human use and management is often considered the best measure of the total water resources of a given region. With two thirds of the earth's surface covered by water and the human body consisting of 75 percent of it, it is evidently clear that water is one of the prime elements responsible for life on earth. Water circulates through the land just as it does through the human body, transporting, dissolving, replenishing nutrients and organic matter, while carrying away waste material. Further in the body, it regulates the activities of fluids, tissues, cells, lymph, blood and glandular secretions. An average adult body contains 42 litres of water and with just a small loss of 2.7 litres he or she can suffer from dehydration, displaying symptoms of irritability, fatigue, nervousness, dizziness, weakness, headaches and consequently reach a state of pathology. Dr F. Batmanghelidj, in his book 'your body's many cries for water', gives a wonderful essay on water and its vital role in the health of a water 'starved' society. He writes: "Since the 'water'...
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...10/25/2013 Department of Physics | Loyola College | JOURNAL | PHYSICA | JOURNAL | PHYSICA | CONTNETS * About college * About physics department * Students club * Science news * Science facts * Picture of the day * Puzzle * Riddle ABOUT COLLEGE Glorious college: Loyola College Loyola College was founded by the Society of Jesus (Jesuits) in 1925, with the primary objective of providing University Education in a Christian atmosphere for deserving Students, especially those belonging to the Catholic Community. Although this college is meant primarily for Catholics, it admits other students irrespective of caste and creed. The College aims at training young men and women of quality to be leaders in all walks of life, whom we hope will play a vital role in bringing about the desired changes for the betterment of the people of our country, more particularly of the dalits and other poorer and marginalized sections of society. The College trains young men and women to serve their fellowmen in justice, truth and love. Loyola College became autonomous in July 1978. The College, however, continues to be affiliated to the University of Madras and is autonomous, in the sense that it is free to frame its own course of studies and adopt innovative methods of teaching and evaluation. The University degrees will be conferred on the students passing the examinations conducted by the college. In Loyola, we look at education differently...
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...1 The analysis of Graphene material Alinur Mirassov, Azat Yerkinova, Gaukhar Balbayeva Madi Aldabergenov, Takhmina Torgayeva Abstract: Recently, graphene has attracted the interest of significant number of scientists and physicians due to its exceptional properties (e.g., large surface area, thermal and chemical stability, high conductivity). This new member of the carbon family has potential to revolutionize the current applications (some of them are described in the essay) as well as creating new set of applications. In this paper, we review the background of the novel material, its comprehensive atomic structure and properties that has fascinated the scientific community since its discovery. We also cover the synthesis of the material, including different effective methods that was investigated from the year of discovery until the present day. Finally, we discuss possible challenges and future perspectives in this rapidly enhancing scientific area. Key words: Graphene; Graphene-based material; 2-dimensional (2D); monolayer; Carbon nanotubes; Dirac level; fullerene; nanostructure; graphene synthesis; graphene applications. Reference to this paper should be made as follows: Aldabergenov, M., Balbayeva, G., Mirassov, A., Yerkinova, A. & Torgayeva, T. (2013) ‘The analysis of Graphene Material’, Astana: Nazarbayev University. 1 Introduction With the time movement and generation flow, the science and engineering achievements expands and widens by...
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