...Advanced materials. Global industry analysis. The material science has evolved over the centuries and rapidly grown during last hundred years. Today we are talking about advanced material industry as a top point of material science evolution. The science of advanced materials enters to all spheres of human being from clothing and household items to the space industry. Also this industry widely presented in following spheres: bioscience, electronics, medical and healthcare, construction, automobile, power and alternative energy, manufacturing, sport, telecommunication and many others. Indeed industry of advanced materials will be one of the biggest drivers of the world economy growth in current century. “Materials” is matter of everything physical like glass, ceramics, polymer, metal alloys. And “Advanced materials” are materials with higher performance characteristics “such as toughness, hardness, durability and elasticity, ability to memories shape or sense changes in the environment and respond.” Advanced materials can be implanted into usual items we are using in everyday life. This is something we have never thought about like apparel which people are wearing could become more insulated when you feel cold or touch screen computer which you can wrap and fold with very high performance and less energy use. Market for advanced materials is unlimited because each “traditional material” in every item can be improved and switched to advanced material use. It...
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...PHYS3531 Physics Project Multi-valley monolayer materials By Fok Hong Ting 2010280804 Under the supervision of Dr. Wang Yao Content Acknowledgement 4 Introduction 5 Motivation 5 Project outline 5 Chapter I Tight binding model 6 Basics 6 The secular equation 8 Conclusion 9 Chapter II Graphene 11 Formulation 11 π energy band of graphene 15 σ energy bands of graphene 17 Conclusion 18 Chapter III Silicene 19 Tight Binding Hamiltonian of silicene without SOC 20 Constructing orthogonal basis 21 1st order SOC inclusion 24 Conclusion 26 Chapter IV Edge state of Group IV elements 27 Formulation 27 Graphene edge 29 Silicene edge 32 Conclusion 42 References 43 Appendix 44 List of Figures 44 Acknowledgement I hereby would like to express my appreciation and respect to my supervisor Dr. Wang Yao. Although I am not a talented student, Dr. Yao provided me timely support and insight in the field of physics. It is my fortune to take part in this final year project under his guidance. Moreover, I would like to thank Dr. GuiBin Liu and Mr. We Yue for their support and comments. Introduction Motivation One of the most intriguing phenomena in physics is...
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...MIS TERM PAPER on Split Cycle Engine and Graphene: the future of Automobiles Vinod Gupta School of Management IIT Kharagpur Submitted in partial fulfilment of Management Information Systems Course (BM61014) to Dr. Prithwis Mukherjee at VGSOM, IIT Kharagpur Submitted by : Mayank Mohan 10BM60048 Page | 0 CONTENTS TOPIC Page No ABSTRACT INTRODUCTION TO SPLIT CYCLE TECHNOLOGY BASIC PRINCIPLES OF SPLIT CYCLE ENGINE OTHER SPLIT CYCLE TECHNOLOGY: TOUR ENGINE GRAPHENE : THE MATERIAL FOR THE FUTURE AUTOMOBILES FUTURE OF AUTOMOBILE INDUSTRY IN INDIA HURDLES TO SPLIT CYCLE TECHNOLOGY SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION REFERENCES 1 2 3 8 9 10 13 15 16 Page | 1 ABSTRACT Split Cycle Engine and Graphene : the future of Automobiles The Split-Cycle Engine functions by dividing (or splitting) the four strokes of the Otto cycle over a paired combination of one compression cylinder and one power cylinder. Gas is compressed in the compression cylinder and transferred to the power cylinder through a gas passage. Graphene is a 2-dimensional network of carbon atoms. These carbon atoms are bound within the plane by strong bonds into a honeycomb array comprised of six-membered rings. This paper describes that how combining these two may lead to a sustainable future by tackling problems like low mileage and low efficiency of automobile engines leading to low consumption of fossil fuels . Page | 2 Introduction to Split Cycle Technology The Split-Cycle Engine was originally...
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...Rural Engineering College, Maharashtra, India ABSTRACT Nature utilizes CO2 to produce countless substances that are consumed by humans as well as animals. Many industrial procedures aim to accelerate the utilization of CO2. There are mainly three pathways for using CO2 and namely they are conversion of CO2 to fuel, utilization of CO2 as a feedstock for chemicals and non-conversion use of CO2. [1] The technologies to moderate CO2 emissions are essential for the chemical industry to become “greener”. An alternative to carbon capture is the use of CO2 as a feedstock in the production of valuable products such as methanol. [5]by using Electro reduction of carbon dioxide (ERC) which combines captured CO2 with water to produce high value materials. Keywords: Carbon dioxide; Methanol; Electroreduction of carbon dioxide (ERC) ________________________________________ 1 Introduction-1 Carbon dioxide plays a key role in producing the greenhouse effect. It is...
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...Department of Numerical Control Technology, Intelligent Machinery Technology Division Mechanical and Systems Research Laboratories, Industrial Technology Research Institute Taichung Industrial Area, Taichung 407, Taiwan, R.O.C. 3 Department of Power Mechanical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University Hsinchu 300, Taiwan, R.O.C. Abstract Carbon nanotubes possess advantages over other materials due to their superior strengthto-weight ratios, tremendous stiffness, high conductivity, high flexibility, and low density. Many promising applications have been proposed for carbon nanotubes, including miniaturized electronic and mechanical devices. In this chapter, the applications on nontraditional machining and microscopy are introduced. Electrical discharge machining (EDM) is one of the most successful and widely accepted manufacturing processes for complicated shapes and tiny apertures with high accuracy including micro nozzle fabrication, drilling of composites and making of moulds and dies of hardened steels. This method is considered suitable for machining of materials with extremely high hardness, strength, wear resistance and thermal resistance. Carbon nanotube powder is mixed in the dielectric of EDM, where the powders continuously float and uniformly disperse throughout the entire dielectricfilled cavity with little agglomeration during EDM. Hence it reduces the insulating strength of the dielectric fluid and increases the spark gap between the tool and...
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...turn, this will allow us to undergo “atomically precise engineering” which could have a positive impact on every one of us. Picture what we could do when we have carbon nanotubes (rolled up sheets or graphite that are 1000 times thinner than air) that are 100 times stronger than steel yet six times lighter. Nanotechnology may seem very futuristic, however it is not something that is new to us. We have already built many machines/materials that use nanoparticles (particles with a range of 1nm to 100nm), some of which include self-cleaning glass, swimming pool disinfectants, scratch resistant coatings and safer yet more effective lithium ion batteries. Now we are looking into using these nanoparticles for more serious issues, for example in curing cancer and developing more effective nuclear weapons. But is this something that we should worry about? Much of nanoscience and many nanotechnologies are concerned with producing new or enhanced materials. The reason most nanotechnology researchers are so excited is mainly because they can reinforce materials to make them not only stronger, but also lighter. The products that we can get from this will have new electronic, optical and mechanical properties. One...
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...Nanotechnology (first used the term nanotechnology by Richard Feynman, in 1959) can be defined as the manipulation of atoms and molecules at nano (one billionth) scale (1–100 nm) to produce devices, structures or systems having at least one novel or superior property. The materials having at least one dimension in the nano scale are called nanomaterials. 10-9 meter (1 nanometer) to 10-7 meter (100 nanometer) Human eye can visualize up to 20μm only 1μm = 10-6 m DNA= 2.5nm- 3nm Protein= ̴ 5 nm Virus= ̴ 150 nm Human hair= ̴ 5000 nm Properties of Nanomaterials 1. The surface area to volume ratio of the nanomaterials is relatively larger than that of bulk materials of the same mass. This increases the chemical reactivity and affects strength and electrical properties of the material. 2. The quantum confinement is observed at nanometer sizes that changes the optical, electronic and magnetic properties of the material. The band gap increases as the size of the material is reduced to nanometer range. I II III IV Reduction in particle size increase in its Surface area Now, material is NANO so surface area will big… HOW? Let us consider a sphere of radius ‘r’ Surface Area = 4 x π x r2 Volume = (4/3) x π x r3 ratio of SA to Vol = 3/r Thus, radius of sphere decreases, Surface area will increase Let us consider a cube of sides 1 m Area= 6 x side2 = 6 x 1m2 = 6m2 Now, cut the same cube into 8 pieces, then the SA will increases Area= 6 x (1/2)2 x 8 = 12m2 Similarly, the...
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...Industry Size, Share, Growth, Trends, Key Vendors, Report" Report Overview 3D printing, also known as AM, is the process of making a 3D model by laying down many successive layers of a 3D material. It helps in manufacturing customized products at a mass level without incurring extra costs and other environmental impacts. During the advent of this technology, these models were restricted to prototyping purposes, but in recent times 3D printing technology has made a paradigm shift toward conventional product manufacturing in industries extending from aerospace to consumer products. As per the analysts forecast the global 3D printing market in the electronics industry 2015-2019 to grow at a CAGR of 18.94 % over the period 2014-2019. Covered in this report This report covers the present scenario and the growth prospects of the global 3D printing market in the electronics industry for the period 2015-2019. To calculate the market size and vendor share, the report considers revenue generated from services and sales of printers and materials. Get Complete Report Details at: http://www.researchbeam.com/global-3d-printing-in-electronics-industry-2015-2019-market The Global 3D Printing Market in Electronics Industry 2015-2019, has been prepared based on an in-depth market analysis with inputs from industry experts. The report covers the landscape of the global 3D printing market in the electronics industry and its growth prospects in the coming years. The report also includes...
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...McKinsey Global Institute May 2013 Disruptive technologies: Advances that will transform life, business, and the global economy The McKinsey Global Institute The McKinsey Global Institute (MGI), the business and economics research arm of McKinsey & Company, was established in 1990 to develop a deeper understanding of the evolving global economy. Our goal is to provide leaders in the commercial, public, and social sectors with the facts and insights on which to base management and policy decisions. MGI research combines the disciplines of economics and management, employing the analytical tools of economics with the insights of business leaders. Our “micro-to-macro” methodology examines microeconomic industry trends to better understand the broad macroeconomic forces affecting business strategy and public policy. MGI’s in-depth reports have covered more than 20 countries and 30 industries. Current research focuses on four themes: productivity and growth, the evolution of global financial markets, the economic impact of technology and innovation, and urbanization. Recent reports have assessed job creation, resource productivity, cities of the future, and the impact of the Internet. MGI is led by McKinsey & Company directors Richard Dobbs and James Manyika. Yougang Chen, Michael Chui, Susan Lund, and Jaana Remes serve as MGI principals. Project teams are led by a group of senior fellows and include consultants from McKinsey’s offices around the world. These teams draw...
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...McKinsey Global Institute May 2013 Disruptive technologies: Advances that will transform life, business, and the global economy The McKinsey Global Institute The McKinsey Global Institute (MGI), the business and economics research arm of McKinsey & Company, was established in 1990 to develop a deeper understanding of the evolving global economy. Our goal is to provide leaders in the commercial, public, and social sectors with the facts and insights on which to base management and policy decisions. MGI research combines the disciplines of economics and management, employing the analytical tools of economics with the insights of business leaders. Our “micro-to-macro” methodology examines microeconomic industry trends to better understand the broad macroeconomic forces affecting business strategy and public policy. MGI’s in-depth reports have covered more than 20 countries and 30 industries. Current research focuses on four themes: productivity and growth, the evolution of global financial markets, the economic impact of technology and innovation, and urbanization. Recent reports have assessed job creation, resource productivity, cities of the future, and the impact of the Internet. MGI is led by McKinsey & Company directors Richard Dobbs and James Manyika. Yougang Chen, Michael Chui, Susan Lund, and Jaana Remes serve as MGI principals. Project teams are led by a group of senior fellows and include consultants from McKinsey’s offices around the world...
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...Current Opinion in Solid State and Materials Science 8 (2004) 31–37 Carbon nanotube polymer composites R. Andrews *, M.C. Weisenberger 1 Center for Applied Energy Research, University of Kentucky, 2540 Research Park Drive, Lexington, KY 40511-8410 USA Received 7 October 2003; accepted 29 October 2003 Abstract The state of research into carbon nanotube/polymer–matrix composites for mechanical reinforcement is critically reviewed with emphasis on recent advances in CNT composite toughness. Particular interest is also given to interfacial bonding of carbon nano-tubes to polymer matrices as it applies to stress transfer from the matrix to the CNT. Potential topics of oncoming focus are highlighted. 2003 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. 1. Introduction Since the documented discovery of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) in 1991 by Iijima [1] and the realization of their unique physical properties, including mechanical, ther-mal, and electrical, many investigators have endeavored to fabricate advanced CNT composite materials that exhibit one or more of these properties [2,*3,*4]. For example, as conductive filler in polymers, CNTs are quite effective compared to traditional carbon black micro-particles, primarily due to their large aspect ratios [5]. The electrical percolation threshold was recently re-ported at 0.0025 wt.% CNTs and conductivity at 2 S/m at 1.0 wt.% CNTs in epoxy matrices [6]. Similarly, CNTs possess one of the highest thermal conductivities known [*7]...
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...primary and secondary batteries. (Clean Up Australia, 2009) Primary batteries are the batteries that normally use in dairy life such as remote control, clock but for this kind of batteries is a non rechargeable battery which means that we only can use it for one time and will be throw away after used. This kind of batteries is actually converting the chemical energy to electrical energy and they are normally known as the alkaline batteries. Secondary batteries are batteries that can be rechargeable and recycle after it cannot be recharge. This batteries mostly use for our mobile phone, laptop and other. Although these two kinds of batteries have it own advantages and disadvantages but consumers still using them. As we know that the materials inside the batteries is harmful and toxicity. Therefore, consumers started to require more advance batteries which have long life span and more environmental friendly. An electrolyte is a medium that allow the ions to flow in between the cathode and anode....
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...Embracing big brother: How facial recognition could help fight crime - CNN.com 2014-09-16, 10:03 AM It looks like you are from Canada. Would you like to make International your default edition? SET EDITION: U.S. TV: CNN CNNi INTERNATIONAL CNN en Español MÉXICO HLN ARABIC Yes | No Sign up Close Log in Home TV & Video U.S. World Politics Justice Entertainment Tech Health Living Travel Opinion iReport Money Sports WATCH CNN: Defense Secretary Hagel testifies to Senate about ISIS threat. Part of complete coverage on Make, Create, Innovate Embracing big brother: How facial recognition could help fight crime By Jim Stenman, CNN updated 9:04 AM EST, Tue November 26, 2013 | Filed under: Innovations SHARE THIS Print Email Recommend More sharing 5.3k Part of complete coverage on Make Create Innovate 'Electronic sketch artist' fights crime Turn your kitchen into an orchestra STORY HIGHLIGHTS Soon, you could pay for goods simply by showing your face to a scanner Government agencies are keen to use the technology, with the stated aim of fighting crime The FBI will roll out advanced facial recognition technology across the U.S in 2014 Critics warn of the "compromising" risks of giving intimate information away updated 12:09 PM EDT, Wed September 3, 2014 (CNN) -- From fighting terrorism to processing payments in the blink of an eye, facial recognition is set to change our ideas on privacy. A number of...
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...Annual Report 2011 Industrial Technology Institute Your Partner in Technological and Industrial Growth Contents ITI Quality Policy 1 Act & Legislation 2 Mandate 2 Vision 2 Mission 2 Board of Management and Committees 3 Organization Structure 4 Senior Management 5 Chairman’s Message 6 Executive Report 8 Performance Highlights 15 Quality Infrastructure 19 Accelerating Industrial Technology Development 22 Benchmarking for Competitiveness 28 Monitoring and Mitigating Pollution 33 Technology for Human welfare and Socio-economic Upliftment 37 Training Programs & Workshops 38 Capacity Building 40 New Initiatives 43 Corporate Awareness 46 Information for Industry 48 Awards and Recognition 52 Corporate Social Responsibility 54 Social, Welfare and Religious Activities 55 Publications, Presentations and Patents 57 Human Resources 62 Executive Staff 65 Financial Report 2011 Auditor's Report AG's Report Reply ITI Quality Policy “The management of the Industrial Technology Institute is unreservedly committed to maintain the ISO 17025 Quality Management System for the Testing and Calibration services and ISO 9000 Quality Management System for the entire Institute, in keeping with the National Quality Policy, thus providing customers with services of the highest professional standards. All ITI staff has been made fully...
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...number 6. As a member of group 14 on the periodic table, it is nonmetallic and tetravalent—making four electrons available to form covalent chemical bonds. There are three naturally occurring isotopes, decaying with a half-life of about 5,730 years. Carbon is one of the few elements known since antiquity. There are several allotropes of carbon of which the best known are graphite, diamond, and amorphous carbon. The physical properties of carbon vary widely with the allotropic form. For example, diamond is highly transparent, while graphite is opaque and black. Diamond is among the hardest materials known, while graphite is soft enough to form a streak on paper (hence its name, from the Greek word "to write"). Diamond has a very low electrical conductivity, while graphite is a very good conductor. Under normal conditions, diamond has the highest thermal conductivity of all known materials. All carbon allotropes are solids under normal conditions with graphite being the most thermodynamically stable form. They are chemically resistant and require high temperature to react even with oxygen. The most common oxidation state of carbon in inorganic compounds is +4, while +2 is found in carbon monoxide and other transition metal carbonyl complexes. The largest sources of inorganic carbon are limestones, dolomites and carbon dioxide, but significant quantities occur in organic deposits of coal, peat, oil and methane clathrates. Carbon forms more compounds than any other element, with...
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