...Hinduism Kelsi Herron HUM 130: History of Religion August 20, 2012 Michael Svoboda Hinduism History Hinduism has no particular creator, faith, or prophet acknowledged by all Hindus as central to the religion and no particular holy book is unanimously praised as being the sole text, like how Christians view the Bible. The word Hindu is derived from the term “Sindu,” the traditional name of the Indus River. It was only after the 18th century when the term came to refer to the dominant religion of the Indian people. Hindus refer to themselves with position to their caste, community, religion and language. Hindu history is marked by the configuration of vocally communicated precious texts that express all of the central concepts related to what we call Hinduism. The first civilization existed around 3000-1750 BCE called Harrapan. This culture was followed by the “Age of Vedas.” While their origins are still not known, the Vedas can still be examined (Fisher). The Vedic Age gave way to philosophical review and debate in texts known as Aranyakas (forest treatises) and Upanishads (consisting of teaching from highly realized spiritual masters). These were composed around the 6th century BCE, a time of intellectual speculation. The oldest of the Vedic scriptures and among the oldest of the world’s existing scriptures is the Rig Veda (Fisher). The Upanishads are thought to have developed last, around 600 to 400 BCE (Fisher). The word Upanishad “embraces the idea of the...
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...of K. M. Panikkar, “Casteism is the loyalty to the sub caste translated into political. This is unavoidable as long as the conception of sub-caste exists, for that is the one permanent loyalty that the Hindu has inherited. In fact, no organisation of society on the basis of equality is possible so long as the sub- caste exists.” According to D.N. Prasad, “Casteism is a loyalty to the caste translated into politics. In general, Casteism may be defined as a phenomenon by virtue of which persons belonging to a certain caste group are either discriminated against or shown favour regardless of their merits and demerits, just on the basis of their caste. Casteism exhibits a number of characteristics. They are as follows: 1. Casteism signifies blind caste or sub-caste loyalty. It either ignores or does not care for the interests of other castes. 2. For a casteist “My caste man and my caste only, right or wrong” is the principle. 3. Casteism goes against the spirit of democracy. 4. It submits one’s sense of justice, fair play and humanity to the interest of his own caste. 5. It is against the lofty ideal of the constitution. 6. Casteism is a big hurdle in the way of nation-building and national integration. 7. Casteism creates caste solidarity to the extent that: (a) one caste seeks to dominate over others, (b) higher castes exploit the lower castes, (c) elections are contested and won on caste basis, and (d) inter-caste conflicts increase in society. 8. Casteism is essentially...
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...Hinduism Paper HUM/130 March 17, 2013 Hinduism Paper Hinduism, otherwise known as Sanatana Dharma is one of the oldest religions in the world. Sometimes it is defined as the religion of India because of its origins in the Indus River region (Tri State Hindu Temple Newburgh, n.d.). Hinduism is a difficult religion to define because there is no founding father, no main religious book, and a multiplicity of deities. It arose out of a combination of religious, philosophical, and cultural practices so varied that there is no central tradition. It has evolved from the diverse Indian cultures for over four thousand years. This could explain why the matter of listing all things that Hindus believe in or even what all Hindus do is not a simple matter. Nevertheless there are some basic tenants of Hinduism and some key Hindu scriptures that help us to understand the concepts and beliefs which are held by many Hindus in a somewhat unifying principle. Central Themes in Hinduism The desire for liberation from earthly existence could be consider the ultimate goal of a Hindu. This desire to exit the cycle of birth, death and rebirth is directly related to the concept of reincarnation which is a major cornerstone of Hinduism. Reincarnation is the belief that when the soul leaves the dead body it enters a new one, living again and again in countless bodies whether human, animal, or plant. The key is that the self remains the same. The ultimate goal is to end the suffering of reincarnation...
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...###Descriptive Practice Set for Bank PO exam### Below are the topics given from previous bank PO, Clerical exams. An essay is given to write on these topics or a report is to be write upto 150 to 200 words 1. The Lehmann Crash 2. The market downslide 3. Leadership is doing the right things; Management is doing things right 4. Corporate Social Responsibility benefits the bottom line 5. Has globalization really worked? 6. Integrity at work 7. Buying options: A matter of trust 8. People: The most important asset of any enterprise 9. The second great crash 10. Management styles: Why things go wrong? 11. Do we need to dress for success? 12. What do Chief Executive Officers do? 13. The element of Risk in management. 14. Outsourcing to reduce risk 15. Management is what managers do 16. Terrorism benefits whom 17. Nation’s growth must be inclusive 18. Chandrayaan – One giant leap for Indian Astrophysicists 19. The secret to winning more gold in the Olympics 20. The ban on smoking- Gimmick or success 21. Why does a nation need forex reserves? 22. What makes you a suitable candidate for an MBA? 23. Is India really shining? 24. What is revenue deficit? 25. What is the job of the Manager? 26. Is democracy working for India? 27. Performance appraisal- A Useful tool for growth 28. Corruption an outcome of Democracy 29. Agricultural subsidies: A Boon or a Bane 30. Do we need a dictator? 31. Does the media need censorship? 32. Reforms in education – a necessity ...
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...WARDHA SCHEME OF EDUCATION The Wardha scheme of Education, popularly known as ‘Basic education’ occupies a unique place in the field of elementary education in India. This scheme was the first attempt to develop an indigenous scheme of education in British India by Mahatma Gandhi, the father of our nation. As a nationalist leader he fully realised that the British system of education could not serve the socio-economic need of the country. At Round Table Conference in London (1931) he pointed out the ineffectiveness of the system of primary education in India and the alarming low percentage of literacy among Indian people. He held the policy of the British Government responsible for this painful situation in the field of mass education. Gandhiji said “I am convinced that the present system of education is not only wasteful but positively harmful.” It was in this context the concept of Basic Education emerged in the mind of Gandhiji. In this unit we will discuss the historical background, the Wardha scheme of education, its fundamental features, curriculum and merits and demerits of this system of education. The word ‘Basic’ is derived from the word ‘base’ which means the bottom or the foundation of a thing upon which the whole thing rests or is made o stand Mahatma Gandhi wanted to make the foundation of the educational edifice strong. It is with this objective that he put forward this scheme. This scheme of education is based on the national culture and civilisation of India...
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...02. ECONOMIC SYSTEMS – DEFINITIONS AND CHARACTERISTICS - CAPITAL ECONOMY – SOCIALIST ECONOMY – MIXED ECONOMY C. ECONOMIC SYSTEMS i) Circular Flow of Goods and Money in an Economic System Every economy is a system in which the production of many goods is organized to satisfy many wants of human beings. In an economic system, the two economic units namely households and enterprises are linked by a circular pattern of economic activities as illustrated in Figure 1.1.The choices and decisions of these two main units are the deriving forces of economic activity. Money Payments for Consumer Goods and Services Consumer Goods and Services-Food, Clothing etc (Output of Business Sector) HOUSEHOLDS 1) Consume final goods and services produced by business sector. 2) Provide inputs (labour and BUSINESSES OR ENTERPRISES 1) Provide goods and services to consumers. 2) Use resources (inputs) provided by households. capital) to business firms. Economic resources–land, labour and capital (inputs of business sector) Money: Payments Goods, Services, Resources and Money Salaries, in a Simpleand Profit Figure The flow of for Resources-Rent, Wage and Payments Interest Economy Fig. 1.1: The Flow of Goods, Services, Resources and Money Payments in a Simple Economy. In their households, people make two sets of decisions: a) selling the inputs they own, primarily their labour and b) buying goods with their incomes. The enterprises or businesses engage in production, using the labour and other inputs...
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...Effectiveness of Recruitment in Organizations Introduction Recruitment is a ‘linking activity' bringing together those with jobs and those seeking jobs. Companies are now looking out for new ways of giving themselves a competitive advantage. To define recruitment, it is a process of searching for prospective employees and stimulating them to apply for jobs in an organization. It is often termed positive in that it stimulates people to apply for jobs to increase the selection ratio. Selection on the other hand tends to be negative because it rejects a good number of those, who apply, leaving only the best to be hired." Objective Effectiveness of Recruitment in Organizations. Literature Review This project evaluates about various reviews which has been highlighted based on the Effectiveness of Recruitment. This document is referred by P.Joythi, (2006), Robins,D (1998). An abstract is been described further about how Recruitment programs and practices are being held in various Organizations and how it can be handled without any obstacle which helps out professionals to focus on their individual abilities to progress. Compare Inforbase Limited, (2007) Knowledge about recruitment begins from students level itself to make sure that they analyze and get out from fear of facing prospects. Recruitment happens at school levels so as to move in for education and it takes place in colleges too either for higher education or be recruited in a concern. Recruitment is at every level...
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...------------------------------------------------- Compensatory Discrimination in Light of Theories Of Justice INTRODUCTION In a civilized social system, law plays not only the role of guarantor of justice equality and liberty, but also as a tool for attaining the ends of justice. In this respect the modern democratic state has to adopt objective standards to protect the human rights of its citizens. Equality is one among those cardinal human rights by which the State is mandated to treat the equals equally and unequal unequally when it distributes its own benefits to the people. But who are equals and who are unequal is a thorny issue, for the limited resources are much valuable and required by the various group of people and they have to be distributed justly and fairly. In the Indian constitutional scheme, it had been envisaged by the framers that there should be equality of opportunity is for all citizens in public employments and such equality of opportunity a fundamental right of the citizens’.At the same time, the need for some beneficial treatment to the weaker sections of the society was also enshrined with that right. What is the basis of distribution of societal resources to certain sections? The thrust of this Chapter goes with the following enquiry. Is there any jurisprudential foundation for protective discrimination? If so what is it? This aspect is assessed from the angle of different theories of justice viz., social justice, distributive justice, equality...
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...others. Harold Koontz Def as “ Management is the process of designing and maintaining an environment in which individuals, working together in groups efficiently to accomplish selected aims” • Managers carry out their managerial function • Applies to any kind of Organisation •Applies to managers at all Organisational levels •Aim is to create a surplus •Concerned with productivity, implies effectiveness and efficiency •Mgt of 4 M’s in the Orgn – Men, Machine, Materials & money Characteristics of Management • Mgt is Universal • Mgt is dynamic • Mgt is a group of managers • Mgt is Purposeful • Mgt is goal oriented • Mgt is integrative Function • Mgt is a Social process • Mgt is a Multi-faceted discipline • Mgt is a continuous process • Mgt is a system of authority • Mgt is a resource • Mgt is intangible 2 • 3. • Mgt is profession, an art as well as a science ADMINISTRATION VS MANAGEMENT Basis of Distinction Administration Management Policy and objectives Determination of objectives & policies Implementation of Policies Main Functions Legislative & determination function Executive Function Planning, Organising...
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...What Is Business Environment? Meaning: - The term Business Environment is composed of two words ‘Business’ and ‘Environment’. In simple terms, the state in which a person remains busy is known as Business. The word Business in its economic sense means human activities like production, extraction or purchase or sales of goods that are performed for earning profits. On the other hand, the word ‘Environment’ refers to the aspects of surroundings. Therefore, Business Environment may be defined as a set of conditions – Social, Legal, Economical, Political or Institutional that are uncontrollable in nature and affects the functioning of organization. Business Environment has two components: 1. Internal Environment 2. External Environment Internal Environment: It includes 5 Ms i.e. man, material, money, machinery and management, usually within the control of business. Business can make changes in these factors according to the change in the functioning of enterprise. External Environment: Those factors which are beyond the control of business enterprise are included in external environment. These factors are: Government and Legal factors, Geo-Physical Factors, Political Factors, Socio-Cultural Factors, Demo-Graphical factors etc. It is of two Types: 1. Micro/Operating Environment 2. Macro/General Environment Micro/Operating Environment: The environment which is close to business and affects its capacity to work is known as Micro or Operating Environment. It consists of Suppliers...
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...strengthen domestic growth drivers. Twelfth Five Year Plan to be launched with the aim of “faster, sustainable and more inclusive growth”. Five objectives identified to be addressed effectively in ensuing fiscal year. If India can build on its economic strength, it can be a source of stability for world economy and a safe destination for restless global capital. OVERVIEW OF THE ECONOMY GDP growth estimated at 6.9 per cent in real terms in 2011-12. Slowdown in comparison to preceding two years is primarily due to deceleration in industrial growth. Headline inflation expected to moderate further in next few months and remain stable thereafter. Steps taken to bridge gaps in distribution, storage and marketing systems have helped in more effective management of inflation. Developments in India’s external trade in the first half of current year have been encouraging. Diversification in export and import market achieved....
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...strengthen domestic growth drivers. Twelfth Five Year Plan to be launched with the aim of “faster, sustainable and more inclusive growth”. Five objectives identified to be addressed effectively in ensuing fiscal year. If India can build on its economic strength, it can be a source of stability for world economy and a safe destination for restless global capital. OVERVIEW OF THE ECONOMY GDP growth estimated at 6.9 per cent in real terms in 2011-12. Slowdown in comparison to preceding two years is primarily due to deceleration in industrial growth. Headline inflation expected to moderate further in next few months and remain stable thereafter. Steps taken to bridge gaps in distribution, storage and marketing systems have helped in more effective management of inflation. Developments in India’s external trade in the first half of current year have been encouraging. Diversification in export and import market achieved....
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...sessions, the Lok Sabha finally passed a historic legislation: the Food Security Bill . Many Indians woke two days later to headlines that the rupee had nosedived and the Indian markets had been “food poisoned”. It was a smart phrase. It captured the horror industry and what investors feel about the Bill. But it also epitomised the damaging hysteria and misinformation around it. It captured one of India’s most harsh dividing lines. In the summer of 2012, I travelled with economists Jean Drèze and Reetika Khera through some of Uttar Pradesh ’s most impoverished districts. They were on a fact-finding mission, going door-to-door in the searing sun, asking people whether they had enough to eat and whether the government’s Public Distribution System (PDS ) reached them. It was a deeply humbling experience. In hut after hut, one was confronted by the sheer absurdity of the Indian situation. In some of the country’s most forsaken landscapes — dust and bare scrub for miles, not even the possibility of employment anywhere — destitute, bone-thin families produced their pink and white ration cards with utter bewilderment. The first, a BPL card — below poverty line — entitled them to rice, wheat, and some sugar. The second, an APL card — above poverty line — got them only some kerosene oil. (How can one satisfy one’s hunger with kerosene, a woman asked in desperation?) Often, they got neither. But what confused them the most was how one neighbour — living in exactly the same set of debilitating...
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...ideas. In this way, the real word is „ideaism‟, but adding the letter „I‟ for pronunciation facility it is known as idealism. 03. DEFINITION OF IDEALISM (i) (ii) Views of D.M. Dutta: “Idealism holds that ultimate reality is spiritual”. Views of J.S. Ross: “Mind or spirit is the essential world stuff that the true reality is of a mental character”. (iii) Harold B. Titus: “Idealism asserts that reality consists of ideas, thoughts, minds, or selves rather than material objects and force”. (iv) R.N. Tagore: “Idealism is that school of philosophy which Iays great emphasis on ideas as well as on moral and spiritual values”. ..1.. (v) Oxford dictionary: “Idealism means representation of things in an ideal form, imaginative treatment, system of thought in which the object of external perception is hold to consist of ideas”. 04. MAIN FEATURES / CHARACTERISTICS OF IDEALISM (i) (ii) True...
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...SCHEME OF EXAMINATION & DETAILED SYLLABUS for BA LLB Five Year Integrated Course (w.e.f. 2008 – 2009) UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF LAW AND LEGAL STUDIES Guru Gobind Singh Indraprastha University Kashmere Gate, Delhi – 110403 (With effect from the Academic Session 2008-2009) 1 FIVE-YEAR LAW COURSE BA LLB (H) PROGRAMME w.e.f. Academic Session 2008 – 2009 FIRST YEAR First Semester Paper Code LLB 101 BA LLB 103 BA LLB 105 LLB 107 LLB 111 BA LLB 113 BA LLB 115 SUBJECTS Legal Method History-I (Indian History) Political Science-I Law of Contract – I English and Legal Language Sociology-I (Introduction to Sociology) Economics-I (Microeconomic Analysis) Total Second Semester L 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 28 Credit 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 28 Paper Code LLB 102 BA LLB 104 LLB 110 LLB 112 SUBJECTS L 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 28 Credit 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 28 History – II (Legal History) Political Science – II Law of Contract – II Techniques of Communication, Client Interviewing and Counselling BA LLB 114 Environmental Studies BA LLB 116 Sociology-II (Indian Society) BA LLB 118 Economics – II (Macroeconomic Analysis) Total (With effect from the Academic Session 2008-2009) 2 SECOND YEAR Third Semester SUBJECTS L 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 28 Credit 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 28 Paper Code LLB 201 LLB 203 LLB 205 LLB 207 LLB 209 BA LLB 213 Business Law Family Law – I Constitutional Law – I Law of Crimes – I Advocacy Skills History – III (History of Modern Europe: 1740-1947) BA LLB 215 Political Science – III Total ...
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