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CAMPANIILE DE DIRECT E-MAIL
Conf. univ. dr. Călin Vegheş

Proiectarea, organizarea şi desfăşurarea campaniilor de direct e-mail reprezintă rezultatul influenţelor exercitate de mai mulţi factori printre care se numără dezvoltarea internetului, penetrarea acestuia la nivelul segmentelor de consumatori, experienţa în creştere a organizaţiilor asociată utilizării instrumentelor marketingului direct şi dorinţa acestora de a valorifica oportunităţile de marketing şi vânzări oferite de noul mediu de comunicare. Principalele avantaje pe care le aduce organizaţiei utilizarea poştei electronice ca mediu de comunicare directă se referă la: 1. caracterul personal al comunicării cu consumatorul, 2. caracterul confidenţial al comunicării cu consumatorul, 3. posibilitatea de a orienta foarte exact mesajele organizaţiei, 4. capacitatea creativă sporită a comunicării directe cu consumatorul, 5. testabilitatea totală a componentelor campaniei de direct e-mail şi 6. controlul cvasi-total asupra campaniei de direct e-mail. Chiar dacă aceste avantaje conturează o imagine mai mult decât favorabilă campaniilor de direct e-mail prin prisma integrării acestora în cadrul campaniilor de comunicare de marketing ale organizaţiei, adoptarea deciziei de a le utiliza trebuie să aibă în vedere şi dezavantajele specifice asociate acestora: 7. campaniile de direct e-mail nu pot viza toate segmentele de piaţă ale organizaţiei, 8. campaniile de direct e-mail nu pot contribui la atingerea tuturor obiectivelor organizaţiei, 9. campaniile de direct e-mail creează anumite rezerve consumatorilor, 10. campaniile de direct e-mail sunt instrumente cu un caracter preponderent tactic. Organizaţiile interesate în proiectarea, organizarea şi desfăşurarea campaniilor de direct e-mail pot considera utilizarea acestora ca un instrument primar de comunicare, folosit într-o manieră independentă pentru a promova, vinde direct sau a susţine un anumit produs sau serviciu, o marcă sau organizaţia, ca un instrument integrat altor instrumente de comunicare, pentru a susţine efortul de comunicare de marketing al organizaţiei sau pentru a prelua reacţia (feedback-ul) ţintelor vizate sau ca un suport auxiliar al canalelor de comunicare sau de distribuţie tradiţionale, furnizând servicii pre şi post-vânzare. Proiectarea campaniei de direct e-mail presupune parcurgerea etapelor specifice planificării oricăror acţiuni de marketing online ale organizaţiei, cu adaptările care se impun. Punctul de pornire îl reprezintă definirea obiectivelor campaniei. Acestea vor avea în vedere atât obiectivele de afaceri, globale, urmărite de către organizaţie, cât şi, mai ales, obiectivele de marketing, respectiv de marketing direct ale acesteia. Definirea obiectivelor va considera şi orizontul, strategic sau tactic, vizat, particularităţile poştei electronice ca mediu de comunicare, produsele sau serviciile care vor face obiectul campaniei. Definirea ţintei vizate este esenţială pentru succesul campaniei, de exactitatea acesteia depinzând orientarea sa şi rezultatele sale şi, pe termen mediu sau lung, şansele de utilizare eficientă ale acestui instrument de comunicare directă. Campania de direct e-mail are ca suport o bază de date cuprinzând adresele de poştă electronică ale consumatorilor. Crearea bazei de date a campaniei poate fi realizată apelând la furnizori externi specializaţi, eforturile de marketing sau de marketing online proprii, aplicaţiile de tip Web-bots sau grupurile de discuţii (create de către organizaţie sau organizaţiile care oferă produse concurente sau asociate în consum). Deciziile eronate adoptate în această arie generează două probleme majore, referitoare la costurile mai mari ale campaniei (determinate de închirierea sau cumpărarea unor baze de date inadecvate) şi la imaginea nefavorabilă creată organizaţiei (în cazul orientării campaniei înspre un public parţial sau total dezinteresat, care va percepe mesajul primit ca pe unul nesolicitat). Crearea mesajului care va fi transmis consumatorilor în cadrul campaniei de direct e-mail respectă regulile generale ale creaţiei mesajelor publicitare completate cu particularităţile comunicării directe. Mesajul electronic va trebuie să fie astfel construit încât să pornească de la poziţionarea curentă a organizaţiei, a produselor, serviciilor sau mărcilor sale (punctele tari şi punctele slabe ale acestora în raport cu restul competitorilor prezenţi pe piaţă) şi să se concretizeze într-o ofertă atractivă pentru consumatorii vizaţi. Structura mesajului folosit în campania de direct e-mail include următoarele elemente: subiectul mesajului: considerat ca un echivalent al unei „bătăi la uşă” – consumatorul îl vede, dacă este interesat continuă lectura mesajului, dacă nu este trece peste mesaj sau îl şterge direct; cu cât impactul generat de subiectul mesajului este mai puternic, cu atât şansele acestuia de a fi citit cresc; crearea unui subiect interesant din perspectiva consumatorului trebuie să aibă în vedere profilul său, avantajele urmărite de acesta (sau de care acesta poate beneficia acesta) în raport cu obiectul campaniei sau, pur şi simplu, trezirea curiozităţii consumatorului, toate acestea trebuind să fie sintetizate în câteva cuvinte (construcţia acestuia este foarte apropiată de maniera în care este realizat teaser-ul folosit într-o scrisoare publicitară cu răspuns direct); formula de adresare: conţinutul mesajului trebuie să fie precedat de o formulă, obligatoriu personalizată, de adresare către consumatorul vizat; în funcţie de caracteristicile acestuia şi de poziţia ocupată dar şi de natura mesajului transmis, formula de adresare poate avea un caracter mai formal sau mai relaxat, esenţială fiind menţionarea prenumelui şi/sau a numelui destinatarului mesajului; absenţa acestora din urmă poate indica fie precaritatea bazei de date folosite în cadrul campaniei fie o eventuală lipsă de interes a expeditorului pentru un astfel de „detaliu”, specifică operaţiunilor de spamming; conţinutul mesajului: principalele calităţi ale conţinutului unui mesaj electronic eficient sunt concizia şi concentrarea, acestea permiţând organizaţiei includerea, într-un volum minim, a tuturor argumentelor esenţiale care l-ar putea convinge pe consumator să răspundă ofertei organizaţiei, pe măsura aşteptărilor acesteia, comandând direct produsul sau serviciul sau cerând informaţii suplimentare despre acesta; mesajul va conţine textul propriu zis (cel mult 200 de cuvinte), o imagine referitoare la obiectul campaniei / mesajului (produsul, serviciul, evenimentul de marketing sau marca alese) şi un link pentru a permite consumatorului interesat să obţină informaţii suplimentare despre oferta primită prin poşta electronică; aplicaţiile de tip „pentru a obţine mai multe informaţii despre..., accesaţi www.maimultedespre#.com” permit prezentarea unor informaţii cu caracter tehnic, financiar, comercial şi de marketing; formula de salut: mesajul trebuie să fie încheiat de o formulă de salut al cărei conţinut este similar celei din cadrul scrisorilor publicitare cu răspuns direct; este vorba, aşadar, despre un salut (din gama „Al dumneavoastră”, „Al dumneavoastră cu sinceritate” etc.) urmat de prenumele şi numele persoanei care trimite mesajul, poziţia ocupată de aceasta şi denumirea organizaţiei expeditoare; vă recomand ca, pentru acest studiu de caz, prenumele şi numele persoanei care trimite mesajul să fie chiar prenumele şi numele dumneavoastră (altfel, puteţi să menţionaţi prenumele, numele şi grupa dumneavoastră la finalul mesajului); disclaimer-ul: mesajul trebuie să se finalizeze cu menţionarea posibilităţi oferite consumatorului de a refuza să mai primească mesaje cu caracter comercial din partea organizaţiei; în mod obişnuit, formularea disclaimer-ului este una simplă şi clară: „dacă doriţi să nu mai primiţi mesaje cu caracter comercial din partea organizaţiei noastre vă rugăm să daţi click aici (apărând un link „unsubscribe”) / să transmiteţi un mesaj cu subiectul unsubscribe la customers@firmanoastra.ro); în alte situaţii, organizaţiile formulează disclaimer-ul într-o manieră mai stufoasă cerând mai întâi scuze consumatorului pentru trimiterea mesajului, informându-l asupra drepturilor de proprietate asupra conţinutului mesajului, comunicându-i faptul că mesajul nu este spam şi abia apoi anunţându-l cum poate acţiona dacă, în cele din urmă, acesta nu mai doreşte să primească mesaje din partea organizaţiei.... Din punct de vedere al formatului mesajului, organizaţia poate opta pentru realizarea şi transmiterea acestuia în format text sau în format html (peste două treimi din totalul celor care accesează internetul având posibilitatea de a primi mesaje în acest format). Utilizarea formatului html oferă organizaţiei posibilităţi extinse pentru a crea mesaje mai atractive din punct de vedere al formei acestora, acestea integrând elemente de text, audio şi video şi determinând rate de răspuns mai ridicate prin comparaţie cu mesajele de tip text. Consumatorii al căror suport hardware limitează facilităţile de a recepţiona mesaje în acest format (multimedia) vor avea posibilitatea să opteze pentru a primi aceste mesaje în format text. Alegerea între cele două tipuri de format trebuie să aparţină consumatorului, posibilitatea de a opta între acestea fiind privită ca o încercare a organizaţiei de a se adapta la profilul şi nevoile consumatorilor săi. Alte elemente importante pentru proiectarea, organizarea şi desfăşurarea unei campanii de direct e-mail de succes se referă la planificarea desfăşurării în timp a acesteia (o decizie-cheie având în vedere numărul de faze al campaniei), organizarea activităţilor de testare a diferitelor componente ale campaniei, construirea bugetului acesteia şi, nu în ultimul rând, definirea tuturor elementelor de coordonare, control şi evaluare a eficienţei acesteia. Conţinutul acestor elemente este, în cvasitotalitate, similar celor incluse în planurile de marketing direct, respectiv marketing online, ale organizaţiei.

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...Electrical services design Institution Student name Introduction The need for electricity has been ever increasing. As well, the numbers of critical or sensitive loads have also increased. Today, the electricity transmission and distribution is greatly affected by this ever growing need. On the other hand, the consumer's demand has also been in a rising manner. These problems can be catered for by the use of energy storage devices, renewable energy and use of distributed generation. Micro-grid paradigm can deal effectively with the ever increasing electricity needs. This paradigm is bestowed with the ability to regulate the electricity flow. This is achieved through the generation and distribution mechanisms. Grid refers to different interconnection of different electricity transmission lines. The line does not necessarily need to be transmitting electricity of equal magnitudes. But the electricity of different magnitude that runs from the highest to the lowest magnitude possible. In short, the grid connects the consumers to the electricity supply utilities (Vittal & Ayyanar, 2013, pg. 162). The renewable energy integration into the main grid can take place in the distribution or at the transmission levels. The point at which integration takes place depends on the size or the scale of the electricity generation. Large generating stations directly feed the main grid. Unlike large generating stations, the small distributed generations feed the low or medium voltage lines...

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