...Mexican Drug Cartels Abstract Mexico has long been used as a transshipment point for narcotics and contraband between Latin America and United States markets. Over time, various organizations, also known as “Cartels” have become involved in the distribution, as well as transportation, of illegal drugs and firearms. The fight for power between these known cartels has led to many arrests and deaths of cartel leaders as well as their rivals. While many factors have contributed to the escalating violence, security analysts in Mexico City trace the rising scourge to the longtime implicit arrangement between narcotics traffickers and governments controlled by the Institutional Revolutionary Party (PRI), which lost its grip on political power in the late 1980s. There was a decrease in the fighting during the late 1990s but the violence steadily worsened after the 2000s. Origin Birth of all Mexican drug cartels is traced to former Mexican Judicial Federal Police agent Miguel Angel Felix Gallardo, also known as “The Godfather”. He founded the Guadalajara Cartel in 1980. He started off by smuggling marijuana and opium into the United States and was the first Mexican drug chief to link up with Colombia’s cocaine cartels, which were run by Pablo Escobar. At the time Felix Gallardo was considered the lord of all Mexican drug smugglers and was in charge of all operations; there was just him, his people, and the politicians who sold him protection. In 1985 the Guadalajara...
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...Since the beginning, people have sought to rule over the population whom were already where living in the young country know as Mexico. It all dated back to the Spanish Conquest when the Spanish, led by Hernando Cortez, enslaved most of Latin America. The notorious Mexican Drug Cartel’s didn’t one day decide to take over the failing country. It was a series of events that led up to the downfall of the government and the rise of a new age. That new age still exists today and is growing every second. The Cartel’s gained their power during the Cold War when Mexico’s government was focused on “internal enemies” when they were killing their own people thought to be in “guerilla groups”. These so called guerilla groups main intention was to protect themselves from the corrupt government but in time they evolved into what is now Mexican Drug Cartel’s. The main reason why the Mexican Drug Cartel’s exist today is because of Mexico’s corrupt government and how they handled the situation. The Mexican government has addressed this problem and has taken baby steps to their main goal and that is to stop these infamous drug cartels from whatever they are smuggling and what not. After World War II there was a slowing of economic growth in Mexico and at that very same time there was a large population growth. This did not go well for Mexico as they saw what little economy they had before slip away. The government still hasn’t rebounded and the economy is still as bad as it can be. Mexico has...
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...The Global drug trade has a value of more than 400 billion, and Mexican cartels take 30 to 40 billion. Big profits give cartels significant influence on both sides of the border. 23 million Americans use drugs on a monthly basis, and about half of all high school students have used illegal drugs.Mexican cartels are buying their products directly from cocaine producing locations. They are willing to go long distances to acquire raw material for the production of methamphetamine. Mexican cartel members have illicit drugs in Peru, Guatemala, Argentina, and Brazil. They have even been caught in Malaysia. Three Mexicans were arrested in Malaysia in 2008, after being found with 60 pounds of meth. Mexican cartels are looking for new markets to...
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...Mexican Drug Syndicates Week Four Assignment – Research Paper Instructor: 12/20/2015 Table of Contents 1. Cover Page------------------------------------------------------- 2. Table of Contents----------------------------------------------- 3. Abstract----------------------------------------------------------- 4-10. Body-------------------------------------------------------------- 8. Tables & Graphs-------------------------------------------------- 9. References---------------------------------------------------------- Abstract All over the southwest U.S there have been drug cartels which smuggle drugs and weapons from country to country illegally. More recently within the past few years Mexican and U.S. authorities have uncovered multiple tunnels from Mexico to the U.S. which link the two together. The tunnels are used to transport and smuggle these items from Mexico into the U.S. where cartel leaders and generals distribute them to their gangs throughout the country. Also contributing to the issue along our over 2,000 mile long border with Mexico between the United States and Mexico there are well over 7,000 gun dealers on the U.S. side. As we see the drugs moving north, most of the guns are heading south. The most serious issues in my opinion with the cartels are that innocent people are being killed every day due to the violence and greed of money. Mexican Drug Syndicate’s There...
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...Diego Bustos Prof. Imogene Lim GLST 490 9th December, 2014 The Mexican Dream: Drug Cartels The American dream, a dream that does not come true for every man or woman that is in search of it. According to Ellies, the American dream represent: “each person has the right to pursue happiness, and the freedom to strive for a better life through hard work and fair ambition.” But, would not that same dream be the dream for Germans, French, Spanish, Brazilians and every single country in the world? The truth is that according to the level of access a person has in order to pursue happiness and to strive for a better life has been indisputably the gap among developed and undeveloped countries for decades. However, hard work does not seem to be the key factor to achieve happiness and/or a better life. Then, what does? During the beginning of the 1980’s decade, Mexico among other Latin-American countries started to adopt Structural Adjustment Programs (SAP) sponsored by the International Monetary Fund (IMF) and the World Bank (WB) in response to the neo-liberal ideology that was starting to spread around the world as the avenue for global well-being. The World Health Organization states that Structural Adjustment Programs: “were economic policies for developing countries that have been promoted by the WB and IMF since the early 1980s by the provision of loans conditional on the adoption of such policies.” The economic policies promoted by the IMF and WB were meant to encourage the...
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...Life Inside of the Mexican Cartel Christian Thomasson American Public University System Life Inside of the Mexican Cartel The Mexican Drug War has been an ongoing armed conflict that is taking place among cartels that are feuding with one another for control of a specific region or regions. With the Mexican government seeking ways to combat the drug trafficking, more violence and rage is erupting among these groups who continue to fight for turf. Although United States military forces have attempted to intervene, new technology and communication devices gives these groups an edge on law enforcement. They are now able to communicate with their substations and various groups throughout the U.S. while their traffic goes undetected. This student will be discussing the various groups, their activities, and their communication tactics. Sinaloa Cartel The Sinaloa Cartel often described as the largest and most powerful drug trafficking organization in the Western Hemisphere, is an alliance of some of Mexico’s top capos (McDermott et. al, 2011). The members of the coalition have been known to operate in concert to protect themselves, they also rely on high connections and corrupt law enforcement to keep the upper hand against rivals or those that attempt to infiltrate their operations. The state of Sinaloa has been named the center for contraband in Mexico, as well as the home for marijuana and poppy cultivation (McDermott...
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...the United States. I spent 8 years in Southern California; during my time living there, I met a friend who came to the United States illegally with her family as a child. They are still not citizens and residing here illegally, it is not easy. Ani and her family left Mexico in 2001 because of the poverty and living conditions. Her parents could not support their family with the jobs there. They had no money and nowhere to go so they came up from Tijuana. She said that she could remember being very scared because of the cartel involvement in the area where they lived and were running from. She has 5 brothers and sisters and her parents that came over the border. These cartel members would harass and try to force her father to work for them and do whatever they wanted. Her father wanted nothing to do with any involvement with them. He told his family that they were leaving because he would never be one of them or allow his children to be forced into the cartel world. She remembers late one night into early morning, getting on horses and travelling over the border. Her mother was pregnant at the time with her youngest brother and they were willing to die then to stay another day. Can you imagine how they must have felt? Wondering if someone was going to catch them and either kill them or put them in jail? It must have been terrifying for all of them. They made it here though safely but the struggle to attain citizenship has become almost impossible. They lived on the streets...
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...A PROJECT REPORT ON “CARTELS IN AVIATION INDUSTRY” (Report submitted on July 12, 2011) SUBMITTED TO: COMPETITION COMMISSION OF INDIA BY: PREETI MECHAN Vth YEAR GUJARAT NATIONAL LAW UNIVERSITY Email: preeti.mechan@gmail.com 1 DISCLAIMER This project report/dissertation has been prepared by the author as an intern under the Internship Programme of the Competition Commission of India for academic purposes only. The views expressed in the report are personal to the intern and do not necessarily reflect the view of the Commission or any of its staff or personnel and do not bind the Commission in any manner. This report is the intellectual property of the Competition Commission of India and the same or any part thereof may not be used in any manner whatsoever, without express permission of the Competition Commission of India in writing. 2 TABLE OF CONTENTS I. II. III. IV. Acknowledgement.........................................................................................4 Objective........................................................................................................5 Research Methodology.................................................................................5 Chapter I Introduction...................................................................................................6 V. Chapter II Aviation Industry in India............................................................................7 History of Aviation Industry...
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...Monopoly is nearly always seen as something undesirable. Courts have wrestled with monopoly for ages, sometimes defining it as: "the power to control prices and exclude competition", "restraining trade", or "unfair and anti-competitive behavior." Should monopolistic practices be condemned and outlawed? Let's look at anti-competitive behavior and practices, but let's not confine ourselves to what's traditionally seen as monopoly. Monopoly means that a firm is sole seller of a product without any close substitutes, controls over the prices the firms charge. Government sometime grants a monopoly because doing so is viewed not only to be in the public interest, but also to encourage it with price incentives. However, monopolies fail to meet their resource allocation efficiently, producing less than the socially desirable quantities of output and charging prices above marginal cost. Thus, this inefficiency of monopoly causes the quantity sold to fall short of social needs. Law The existence of a very high market share does not always mean consumers are paying excessive prices since the threat of new entrants to the market can restrain a high-market-share company's price increases. Competition law does not make merely having a monopoly illegal, but rather abusing the power a monopoly may confer, for instance through exclusionary practices (i.e. pricing high just because you are the only one around.) It may also be noted that it is illegal to try to obtain a monopoly, by practices...
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... Table of contents 1. Introduction……………………………………………………………………… 2 2. The Thread Industry 2.1 Market Structure………………………………………………………………. 2 2.1 The Agreements ……………………………………………………………….. 3 3. Economic Impact on Competition 3.1 The Nature of a Carte………………………………………………………………… 4 3.2 Welfare analysis ……………………………………………………………………… 5 4. The European Commission`s decision 4.1. The decision…………………………………………………………………….. 7 5. Conclusion………………………………………………………………………… 8 References………………………………………………………………………………. 9 1. Introduction The European Commission (EC) convicted eleven companies in the thread industry for arranging cartels for customers in Benelux, the Nordic countries and the EEA in 2005. The 23 producers investigated are from Germany, Belgium, the Netherlands, France, Switzerland and the United Kingdom and were fined to a total of 43.5 million € (European Commission, 2005). Industrial thread itself is a kind of thin yarn that is used for sewing. It is therefore a main component in the production of various products, such as clothes, home furnishings, mattresses, footwear and others. Additionally, the production of automotive seats and seatbelts can be assigned to the so called automotive thread. Both markets together amounted to around 6 billion € in in sales worldwide in 2000. The antitrust investigation revealed that some companies in fact arranged illegal...
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...18. May 2012 Final Journal Topic: Monopoly and Antitrust The market power of either buyers or sellers, harms buyers who may have the opportunity to buy at competitive prices. It also reduces the production, which causes a deadweight loss. Excessive market power also raises issues of equity and justice, because if a company has too much monopoly power, it makes profit at the expense of consumers. A monopoly is a situation in which there is a single supplier or seller of a good or service for which there are no close substitutes. Economists and others have long known that unregulated monopolies tend to damage the economy by (1) charging higher prices, (2) providing inferior goods and services and (3) suppressing innovation, as compared with a competitive situation (i.e., the existence of numerous, competing suppliers of the good or service).[1] In theory, the Government or State could collect the excess profits that the company obtained through taxes and then redistribute it among the buyers of the product. However, this redistribution is usually not feasible. It is difficult to ascertain what proportion of the profits of an enterprise is attributable to monopoly power and it is even more difficult to locate all buyers and reimburse them an amount proportional to their purchases. How can society, then, limit the market power and prevent the anti-competitively use of it? In the case of a natural monopoly, i.e. an electricity/power...
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...Commission’s corporate leniency policy on 7 December 2007 in which Rocla alleged that the above-mentioned firms were members of a cartel. On 18 March 2008, the Commission initiated an investigation and found that the cartel operated from 1973 until 2007 in Gauteng, Kwa-Zulu Natal and in the Western Cape. Shortly after the complaint was filed, 4 of the firms obtained consent orders, D&D and Craig Concrete no longer existed, SPC and Concrite admitted their involvement but disputed the quantum of the penalty imposed and Galio denied involvement. The national cartel commenced in 1973 and was founded by Rocla and grew over the years and regional cartels were also formed. Members met regularly, every second Tuesday of the month after Concrete Manufactures Association meetings. Secret informal meetings were also held at different locations. In allocating contracts, the respondents would identify and compile a list of all available tenders, agree among themselves who would be allocated what work and on prices to be quoted for tenders. These allocations occurred in monthly meetings in which a cartel member known as the ‘banker’ presented a list of all available contracts. The banker would compile a comprehensive list of all tenders available and a summary of product delivered by each respondent over a particular period, in order to enable the cartel to monitor adherence to agreed tonnages. Members were limited to producing certain products in certain regions, allocated geographic...
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...to practice unethical research behavior. Also, as a result of DeBeers unethical research behavior they have been convicted along with the General Electric Company by the US justice department for conspiracy to raise prices in the $500 millions-a-year industrial diamond industry. "The indictment charges GE and DeBeers, which account for 80 percent of the industrial diamond market, with conspiring to fix and raise prices worldwide."(San Antonious, 2012) The DeBeers corporation was first guilty and second showed a direct correlation of purposely breaking the no-tolerance segment of the US law called the Sherman Act. Cartels: The Sherman Act’s first offence for even operation are unafraid thru intimidation and threats to acquire or control whatever item they go for to all suppliers/workers, businesses, the public or middle-man altogether. Next, DeBeers illegal cartels withheld large sums of the discovered diamonds they had acquired so they can hike up diamond prices. So, DeBeers could make it seem publicly that there was a perception that there was a shortage in supply of available diamonds to buy, therefore causing the public market to scurry to buy them at absorbent prices because they had to. Later as the demand of the market became more financially beneficial to them as a corporation, they made the diamonds more available, therefore allowing DeBeers to have financial gain on four parties directly: suppliers, businesses, the public and middle-men. So because of DeBeers acting...
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...Price fixing is unethical and illegal for the simple fact that it hurts not only the customers, but also the public at large and in the long-rung, the company itself. By employing unethical strategies, these companies lose on of the most important assets they have, their reputation. The case of price fixing scheme by Sotheby’s and Christies illustrates a perfect example of how firms behave unethically when motivated solely by profit. The collusion of top managers of these two leading companies, though falling short of operating a cartel in the traditional sense, is unethical for the main reason that it disregards the interest of its external stakeholders, particularly its customers. When there is competition in the marketplace, customers can rely on this to obtain competitive pricing and services, but once the major players collude to fix the prices, this advantage is gone. This activity is directly against the principle of free markets, which are the best way to ensure that both companies and organizations benefit. The nature of the auctions industry, with two companies controlling 90 percent of the market, made it relatively easy and very tempting for these companies to illegally fix the prices in their own interest. While top managers of both companies agreed on these steps, the fact that they were able to pull along the whole organization indicates that the culture in these organization was not particularly ethical. According to the ethical model explained in...
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...A. Summarize the four major pieces of legislation collectively known as the Antitrust Laws. The four pieces of legislation known as the Antitrust Laws are the Sherman Act of 1890, Clayton Act of 1914, The Federal Trade Commission Act of 1914, and the Celler-Kefauver Act of 1950. The Sherman Act was put into place to stop any price fixing or anything illegal for a company to become so big that it dominated in its area so there couldn’t be any competition. The Act was written and to the point, but in the end failed to live up to its intent. In 1914, The Clayton Act was written to add on to the Sherman Act and make it more stable. By doing this the government could fight against monopolies better. The Clayton Act got rid of price discrimination, tying contracts, stock acquisitions, and it did not allow people to participate in cross directorships, meaning a person couldn’t be part of two competing companies. The Federal Trade Commission Act of 1914 was made up of 5 people to enforce the antitrust laws. They are able to investigate any wrong doings and report them to the U.S. Justice Department. The Celler-Kefauver Act of 1950 is an amendment to the Clayton Act. It was found that even though the Clayton Act improved on the Sherman Act there were still loopholes that companies could use to stay out of trouble. With the Celler-Kefauver Act amendment it stops competing firms from merging by stating that one company cannot get the physical assets of the other company. ...
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