...Principles of Microeconomics: At a Glance Description of the Examination The Principles of Microeconomics examination covers material that is usually taught in a one-semester undergraduate course in introductory microeconomics. This aspect of economics deals with the principles of economics that apply to the analysis of the behavior of individual consumers and businesses in the economy. Questions on this exam require test-takers to apply analytical techniques to hypothetical as well as real-world situations and to analyze and evaluate economic decisions. Test-takers are expected to demonstrate an understanding of how free markets work and allocate resources efficiently. They should understand how individual consumers make economic decisions to maximize utility, and how individual firms make decisions to maximize profits. Test-takers must be able to identify the characteristics of the different market structures and analyze the behavior of firms in terms of price and output decisions. They should also be able to evaluate the outcome in each market structure with respect to economic efficiency, identify cases in which private markets fail to allocate resources efficiently, and explain how government intervention fixes or fails to fix the resource allocation problem. It is also important to understand the determination of wages and other input prices in factor markets, and to analyze and evaluate the distribution of income. The examination contains approximately 80 questions...
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...Marcus Sims Professor McDermott Microeconomics 2 February 2014 Video Report Week 4 a. How is Economics used to reduce Pollution under this process, explain? Economics is used to reduce pollution under this process due to corrective tax. This is a tax designed to induce private decision makers to take account of the social costs that arise from negative externality. Economists prefer these taxes on pollution because they reduce pollution at a lower cost to society. The higher the tax, the larger the reduction in pollution. If the tax were to become to high (which could be regulated) some factories could be shut down, minimalizing the amount of pollution that is being poured out into our environment which can result is other alternatives for a cleaner environment. This can also give incentives to these factories to develop cleaner facilities because by doing so it would lower their pollution taxes that they would have to pay b. Is it better to let the Market set the Price of Pollution, or to have Government set the Level of the Fine for those who pollute, explain? (125-175 words). In my opinion, for the sake of the environment, I believe government regulation is the best way to put a “price” on pollution. The government cant fine those who use certain forms of transportation. In the transportation market (boats, trains, air carriers, etc.) they need fuel. It would be one of those not so simple situations where the government would have to fine them...
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...Q1: A: Demand increases B: Demand falls C: Let A and B be substitute goods. If the price of A increases, the quantity demanded of A decreases (law of demand). Because consumers can easily buy good B instead of good A, they will purchase more of good B (because good A is more expensive) and hence the demand for good B will increase. D: If goods A and B are complements, an increase in the price of A will result in a leftward movement along the demand curve of A and cause the demand curve for B to shift in Q2: Total Revenue is TR=P*Q= (600 - 4Q)*Q Marginal Revenue is MR=dTR/dQ= 600-8Q When MR=0 600-8Q=0 Then Q=75 so P=600-4*75= 300 so Price is 300 which TR is maximized. Ed= (ΔQ/ΔP )* (P/Q)=-4*(100/125)= - 3.2 * If |PED| > 1 then Demand is Price Elastic (Demand is sensitive to price changes) * If |PED| = 1 then Demand is Unit Elastic * If |PED| < 1 then Demand is Price Inelastic (Demand is not sensitive to price changes) Ignore the negative sign Revenue is maximized when price is set so that the Price elasticity of demand (PED) is exactly one. When Ed=1, P/Q=0.25 so P=35 Income elasticity of demand measures the responsiveness of demand to changes in the consumer income: is Ei =(ΔQ/ΔI )* (I/Q) Q3: A: False. Since plastic surgery is price inelastic, which means the demand is not sensitive to the price changes. B: False. Since plastic surgery is price inelastic, |PED| =|(ΔQ/Q)/( ΔP/P)|< 1, which means the percentage change in the price...
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...Roughly 4 billion people living in developing countries and emerging economies do not have access to financial services such as credit, savings and insurance. Formal financial intermediaries, such as commercial banks, usually refuse to serve poor households and micro-enterprises because of the high cost of small transactions, lack of traditional collateral, lack of basic requirements for financing and geographic isolation. By doing so, these institutions ignore the enormous potential in talents and entrepreneurship of this stratum of society. Providing access to financial services will stimulate the independence and self-development of poor households and micro-entrepreneurs. This will help not only to improve poor people’s economic condition, but also to provide a way to maintain or improve their quality of life in the face of uncertainty. Moreover, gaining access to financial services is a critical step in connecting the poor to a broader economic life and in building the confidence for them to play a role in the larger community. Some of this slowdown can be blamed on events elsewhere. Europe’s pain, for example, has spread far beyond its immediate neighbors. The European Union remains the biggest foreign market for many emerging economies, buying about 19% of China’s exports and 22% of South Africa’s. By increasing access to financial services for the poor segments of society, the financial sector can play an important role in alleviating poverty in developing countries....
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...Eco 202 12/09/2009 Demand for GM The recession has many companies struggling to stay afloat as the demand for many products has drastically declined. While very few companies have gone unaffected by the recession car manufactures have been hit harder then most. With plants all over the country shutting down just so the company can get by, but even with all the layoffs and closed plants it was just not enough for some. GM was one such company being driven to declare bankruptcy GM was then restructured with help from the government and given the chance to try again. Now GM must find ways to increase demand for their cars and beat out the competition. What is demand and why is it important? Demand is how much a product or service is desired by consumers. (Economics Basics) Demand is important because with out demand companies would not be able to exist because they would have no customers. Because the demand for a company’s product is so important being able to manage that demand becomes an important part of business planning. When managing demand a company ultimately wants to be able to set a price that will attract the highest amount of customers while still being able to make a profit. The company also wants to make sure that demand does not exceed the supply and that it is not less then the supply. Making sure the company can keep up with supply and maintaining the demand for that supply can be a difficult task. Keeping up a demand for its vehicles...
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...1. a. When the new video game console is released, there is an excess amount of demand and a limited amount of supply, and this is where the shortages come from. At first, the price will remain constant for a while until the demand lessens. Due to this, distributors now have a high amount of supply, and to get rid of this excess amount, they have to make a price cut so consumers will buy the product. This final outcome is not necessarily the fairest outcome because all of the suppliers were able to sell a lot of the product, while the distributers had a surplus amount and had to cut the prices in order to get rid of it; the distributers were at a disadvantage. b. See Graph 2. a. The surplus of snowmobiles all over Minnesota came about because of the expectations the producers had of the demand for them. It was cold weather that was unusual and not expected. Ergo, they expected for consumers to still want snowmobiles at the same rate; the demand would remain the same. So because the weather was unexpected making for a prevention of people from enjoying the great outdoors, less people bought snowmobiles. Furthermore, because people did not need snowmobiles, there was a surplus amount of products that were not being purchased. Basically, the demand was less than the supply. Also, the invisible hand will cause for the price of snowmobiles to decrease till it reaches the point of equilibrium. b. See graph...
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...Writing Assignment The World Factbook Mexico Economy - overview: Mexico is democratic country with a capitalistic economy or free market economy. It has plenty of natural resources and developing companies primarily own by the private sector it contains a combination of modern and outmoded industry and agriculture. Current management has increase competition in railroads, electricity generation, seaports, airports, natural gas distribution and telecommunication. The distribution of the income inside the country remains unstable. Regarding the free trade agreements, Mexico has with over fifty countries including Honduras, El Salvador, Guatemala, the European Free Trade Area, and Japan putting more than 90% of trade under free agreements. In July 2012 Mexico joined the pacific alliance with Chile, Peru and Colombia. The presidents Felipe Calderon productively pass pension and fiscal reforms in 2007. As the worlds demand for exports dropped Mexico’s GDP plunged 6.22% in 2009 asset prices dropped and so do remittances and investment. In 2010 the GDP growth was positive by 5.6% with exports, particularly by the United States, Leading the way. In 2011 growth slowed to 3.9% and recover to 4%. In 2012 Mexico’s legislature passed a labor reform which was signed into law by President Felipe Calderon by November. The new pact for Mexico was signed by the new president, Enrique Pena Nieto, along with the leaders of the country's three main political parties: the Institutional Revolutionary...
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...MicroEcon-2010 Economics Research Assignment: Short and Naked Short Selling & Their Impact on the Economy The term “Short Sell” refers to a broker who borrows shares of a publicly traded company from a third party, and hopes to sell back to the original owner at a lower price. An example could a broker who borrows and immediately sells 100 shares of “Ryan Stewart Real Estate Company” for $10 a share, equaling $1,000. The price per share falls to $7, so the broker buys the original 100 shares back at a lower price of $700, and returns the original amount of shares to the third party. Therefore the broker profited $300 while the stocks were losing value. The term “Naked Short Sell” refers to the selling of shares, before you borrow them. If there are many sellers of a particular share, then the price of the stock decreases. Brokers use naked shorting to drive the price of a stock down. An example is someone trying to sell someone’s house without their permission. The broker doesn't have the title to the home before they have a buyer. Therefore the difference in short selling and naked short selling is that one has the right to borrow a third parties stock and the other doesn't. When any decently educated person wants to invest money into stocks they should look at the current earnings of a company and their estimated future earnings. But what if a large amount of brokers are collaborating to drive the stock price...
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...hand can modify protocols based on the environment and have a very high degree of flexibility. They can also use unconventional methods to obtain results. * Enthusiasm to work: All said and done, in the end for any rural venture to be successful, what is required is a very high degree of enthusiasm, and an urge to excel. Social work is usually characterized by long working hours, unclear goals, sensitivity towards culture, commitment to the goals. Most private ventures enter this field out of passion and hence have this in plenty. Government officials may or may not be passionate about this project, but have to work on it. This clearly translates into the results. * Need for micro-level approach: Most rural ventures are extremely people oriented and need a lot of work to be done on a micro level and at a small scale. To be able to reach such a small demographic is usually...
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...I was sitting in a Portland Oregon hotel when four words forever changed my business. The keynote speaker at the meeting, a vice president of channel had just finished a surprisingly lack-luster presentation and opened up for questions. An associate from New York City immediately stood and asked, “Do you consider us competition or partners?” The VP answered without skipping a beat, “You are Apple’s competition.” I guess there shouldn’t have been a gasp and rumble throughout the room, but 100+ Authorized Resellers and VARs suddenly realized that they faced an uphill battle. Many would close their doors in the months to come. As an Authorized reseller I bought our Apple branded products from first tier distributors such as Ingram Micro and Tech Data with only small price variances based on the size of the Purchase Order. Smaller PO’s were often ignored or faced delays in shipping. A big reason for the gasp in the room was the increasing trend of Apple product scarcity for resellers. While Apple’s new retail stores had full shelves we had to fight over the leftovers. Often this meant we missed out on the initial surge of purchases made by early adopters. (Eventually Apple would release game-changing products like the iPhone and not allow Apple resellers to sell them.) When Apple opened their new store 5 minutes from one of mine I was forced to pivot or close my doors. We changed from being an Apple Reseller who sold some accessories to more of a system integrator and service...
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...Vol . IV : Issue. 14 ISSN:0975-9999 MICRO, SMALL AND MEDIUM ENTERPRISES (MSME) IN INDIA: AN APPRAISAL Dr.S,Ganapathy Associate professor C.Mayilsamy Doctoral research scholar, Department of International Business and commerce, Alagappa University, karaikudi. ABSTRACT Micro small and medium enterprises help in promoting economic growth and employment opportunity. Before 2006 this sector was called as a Small Scale Industry. Thereafter it was converted as an MSME sector. The MSME growth is incomparable by the help of bank credit. Micro small and medium enterprises and their role in economic growth and employment generation in the Indian context .the article how policy environment for promoting MSMEs changed from ‘protectionism ‘during the pre-1990s to ‘export orientation’ during the post-1990s. The key constraint faced by the MSMEs including access to credit and technology, redtapism and the like. The MSEs to promote the rural economy for in general and rural women empowerment in particularly the rural women are taken ,economic improvement ,social development, and individual decision making through the . MSEs.the MSEs are promoting the rural entrepreneurship. Key words: MSME, SME , SSI, Credit Rating Introduction Indian economy based on rural economy .Father of nation mahatma Gandhi told India “lives in village”. T he r eal national development through the rural economy .the development of rural economy through the r ur al bas ed micr o, small a nd medium enterprises...
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...Ahold Copyright 2010 Trend Micro Inc. Who are we? • We own and operate hundreds of supermarkets in the United States and Europe. • Our brands include Giant, Stop & Shop, Albert, Etos, and more. • Number of Stores: 800 across North America • Number of Employees: 100,000 • Number of Systems: 35,000 Copyright 2010 Trend Micro Inc. Business Objective Key objective: • Achieve compliance especially with PCI • Maintain strong & flexible security baseline Challenge: • Stay current in terms of PCI compliance • Maximize protection on POS endpoints without interference in sales transactions • Minimize time required to manage the solution across 800 stores and lower TCO • Choose a security solution that scales without increasing complexity Copyright 2010 Trend Micro Inc. Evaluation Criteria 1. Best-in-class HIPS, firewall & FIM 2. Multipurpose security agents 3. Centrally controlled file management 4. TCO, footprint and ease of management Copyright 2010 Trend Micro Inc. Trend Micro to the Rescue • Trend Micro Deep Security gave us what we needed in one package – Swiss army knife of protection technologies – Single compact 5 MB agent footprint • Addresses seven PCI regulations and offers more than 20 control capabilities • Specialized agentless protection for virtual systems aligned with our virtualization initiative IDS/IPS Agentless anti-malware Log Inspection Web app. protection Firewall Copyright 2010 Trend Micro Inc. Integrity Monitoring ...
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...ni-msme - the premier institute ni-msme, the pioneer institute in the field of MSME is playing a major role in providing probusiness environment to foster the progress of MSME towards success and prosperity. The raison detre of this Institute is to assist the Government in formulating policies for micro, small and medium enterprises and to help the practising and potential entrepreneurs through a host of services like training, research, consultancy, information, education and extension. The Institute is a training ground for senior technocrats, bureaucrats and bankers who come here to gain expertise and knowledge in order to equip themselves with the latest practices and streamline their operations. Set up in 1960, ni-msme has made valuable contributions by creating an impressive record of achievements beyond the Indian shores, enabling other developing countries to get the benefit of the Institute’s facilities and expertise. ni-msme’s activities are changing from time to time to meet the needs of enterprises in the context of globalisation. Training Programme on MARKETING STRATEGIES FOR SHG PRODUCTS IN THE MODERN ERA (16-18 March 2016) Located in a sprawling and enthralling campus amidst a rich natural setting, ni-msme is well equipped with both physical and academic infrastructure. In keeping with the changing times and technological changes, the Institute has updated its style of functioning by focusing on the use of IT in every aspect of its activities...
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...Ribbons and Bows INTRODUCTION Carmen Diaz, with a ten thousand dollar loan from two of her cousins, and one thousand dollars that she invested in equity, was able to open a specialty store called Ribbons an’ Bows, Inc, which was located in Coconut Grove, Miami, Florida. Four months after opening the business, Carmen’s relatives requested a financial report, which was part of the original business arrangement. Within a short time, Carmen had expanded the business, purchased small equipment, paid wages to a part-time employee, and by all outward indicators, had been running a flourishing business. As Carmen gathered the necessary information to prepare financial statements, she started to scrutinize the transactions and was somewhat perplexed. Carmen realized that numbers were not adding up as she had anticipated. Additionally, it became questionable whether the business was operating successfully, at least when accounting principles were appropriately applied. Statement of the Problem It was fortuitous for Carmen Diaz to have family who were supportive of her small business endeavor, thereby providing start-up funds and legal advice. Carmen’s endeavor can be recognized as a “microbusiness” operation; “microcredit”, microenterprise” and “microfinance” are terms that have been associated with microbusinesses (Datar, 2009). Clearly, Carmen would have benefitted from some professional entrepreneurial guidance that is widely available at no cost in the United States...
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...MICROSOFT WORD KEYBOARD SHORTCUTS Here is a list of keyboard shortcuts which can be very useful if you want to work faster! CTRL Shortcuts: CTRL and A Selects all in the current document. CTRL and B Bold text. CTRL and C Copies the item or text to the Clipboard and can be pasted using CTRL and V. CTRL and D Displays the Font dialogue box. CTRL and E Centre Alignment. CTRL and F Displays the Find dialog box, to search the current document. CTRL and G Displays the Go to dialog box, to go to a specific location in the current document. CTRL and H Displays the Replace dialogue box. CTRL and I Italic text. CTRL and J Full Justification. CTRL and K Create Hyperlink CTRL and L Left Alignment CTRL and M Tab. CTRL and N Creates a new document. CTRL and O Displays the Open File dialogue box. CTRL and P Displays the Print dialog box. CTRL and R Right Alignment. CTRL and S Displays the Save dialog box. CTRL and U Underline text. CTRL and V Pastes the copied item or text from the Clipboard into the current position in the document. CTRL and X Cuts the item or text selected to the Clipboard. CTRL and Y Redo the last undone action. CTRL and Z Undoes the last action. CTRL and ENTER Insert Page Break. CTRL and F2 Show Print preview. CTRL and F4 Closes the active document window. CTRL and F6 Opens the next document window. F and SHIFT shortcut keys: F1...
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