...Pentium Microprocessor Flaw NT1110 19 October, 2013 Pentium Microprocessor Flaw Pentium microprocessor flaw was in the floating-point math subsection. The flaw was found where the division result returned by the Pentium microprocessor was off by approximately sixty-one parts per million. Once Intel pinpointed the flaw, their solution was to keep the information within the company and not disclose the information to the public. Regardless of the fact that the flaw did not affect all microprocessors, it actually only affected a very small number of customers, Intel should have openly acknowledged the problem. When customers would call into Intel with issues concerning the flaw, Intel would input a certain code into it in order to verify that was in fact the problem. Once the problem was identified, Intel then would implement a solution. However, if Intel had openly accepted and informed the clients about the issue, it most likely would have saved them not only money but also their reputation between the company and their existing clients. Needless to say, their decision resulted in some very unhappy customers. If this same type of flaw was to be found in a new CPU today, the company would surely fail. With a problem in the floating-point math subsection with an error of approximately sixty-one parts per million, this would cause too many problems for the clients today. Especially considering that Intel declined the opportunity to inform their customers and supply a solution...
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...loSociety: The Flaw of Everyone The novel Lord of the Flies by William Golding is a more of an experiment than a novel, an experiment that will, by the end, show all of the flaws of an unjust or unfair society. In the book a large group of young boys get stranded on an island while flying home all because their plane got attacked via an act of war and crashed on an island. This stroke of bad luck is the perfect situation to show how the flaws of a modern society can get out of hand very fast if not taken control of quickly. Two of the main characters in the book are two boys named Ralph and Jack. When they are first on the island Ralph is the person with the idea to pick up a conch shell on the beach and blow into it to call everyone on the island to come meet up at the beach. When everyone arrives at the beach they are told that there are only those boys left and no adults. The boys realize that with no adults to lead them they will have to vote to see who will become their leader. Everyone comes to an agreement to vote Ralph as their leader, except for one person. Jack also wants to be a leader, so Ralph appoints him to be leader of a choir of boys that will be in charge of hunting to get food for everyone on the island. Despite the fact that Jack is put in a leadership position he is very anxious to be the leader of the island. In a civilization like ours, that is normal, everyone wants to be the person in charge. But, when you are stranded on an island where anything goes...
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...from the fact that he receives help from the gods. For example, Euanthes who grants Odysseus in his trouble gifts that will get him and his crew the opportunity to regain their strength. He also receives help from an entity named Dawn. In a way this character represents Odysseus and almost foretells the struggles he will later be facing. In a section he introduces this entity, “Young Dawn with her rose-red fingers shone once more we all turned out, intrigued to tour the island.” From there we can see the struggles he faces with himself to overcome the many obstacles that Zeus inflicts on Odysseus in hopes to prevent his journey to go any further. Another characteristic of an archetypal character is one in which all heroes contain a flaw that prevents them from moving on with their journey. In this story Odysseus contains other qualities such as arrogance, unfaithfulness, and stubbornness. With these qualities him and his crew are punished throughout the story. As in the epic, “will tell you. But you must give me a guest-gift as you've promised. Nobody—that's my name. Nobody— so my mother and father call me, all my friends.” Odysseus conceals...
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...Willy Loman When one thinks of Willy Loman, victim is the last word that comes to mind. His character flaws make him responsible for his own misfortune. He has never taken responsibility for any of the disgraces in his life and has constantly blamed everyone, for not being able to live the life he feels he deserves. Some people are able to curb unrealistic expectations into something that is more tangible for them, while others such as Willy are not. Normally a salesman is someone who is able to accept their flaws and learn ways to improve, because this is how they make their living. Because Willy Loman never fully accepts his flaws, he has no way of progressing in life. He has reached the age where he can’t compete with the younger salesmen or keep up with the traveling that is required in order to be successful in his field. This is causing great strife in his life. The pride of a man can contribute to his life by being either a great asset or a ridiculous flaw. This trait is definitely a flaw for Willy Loman. Pride can assist you with taking control of your life and allow you to get what you think you deserve, however, it can also be crippling. This was the case for Willy. Pride kept him from talking to his boss earlier in his life as to why he needs to stop traveling and work from New York. Driving over 700 miles out of town just to come home empty handed would be too much for anyone, but it definitely weighs a toll on a 60 year old man. Once Biff decided he would stay...
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...Jack A. Adams’ A Closed-Loop Theory Of Motor Learning attempts to explain the process of how motor learning is achieved in humans. He argues that a sufficient motor learning theory should cover how verbal and motor processes work together to produce learning and also how errors are detected and corrected. In this paper it will be shown that Adams fails to do this as there are numerous flaws incorporated into his argument. Adams tends to overlook necessary details and his theory fails to explain how motor learning is achieved in individuals who do not possess a “verbal capability”. The central components to Adams theory are the concepts of knowledge of results or KR, the perceptual trace, and the memory trace. In order to understand the flaws of Adams theory, a brief explanation of each is fundamental. According to Adams (1971,p. 122), KR is information about a movement’s error that is used to solve a problem. KR is the verbal component of Adams theory, which according to him, is key for motor learning to occur. Next, is his idea of the perceptual trace. According to Adams (1971, pg. 123) in order to move a limb, a reference of past movement is necessary (i.e. the perceptual trace), KR, and sensory feedback. The perceptual trace is almost the “memory” of past movement. It is weak in the beginning of a new movement, and strengthened as the number of correct trials increases. Adams asserts that KR is vital to forming a strong perceptual trace since KR gives information on...
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...a detailed analysis of some one’s life history in your own words in an acceptable manner by the audience. I presented the life history of an innovative leader who has revolutionised the entire electronic world and he is none other than Steve Jobs, who is well known as former CEO of Apple Company. I had a great opportunity to look at my presentation which enhances my knowledge how to be a good speaker and eventually to be a good leader. It is critical for a leader to have excellent communication skills to convey what he/she is thinking about visions or goals to his/her followers. When I watched my presentation video, I observed many flaws I had made and those are like turbulence in voice and broken sentences and it doesn’t mean that I am a bad speaker. I felt my speech was a good one but not good enough as an effective speaker. Considering the flaws I made, there is an...
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...Comparison between ‘Lullaby’ and ‘Tis Pity She’s a Whore’ Love often results in physical passion, and as time went on – the description and depth of passion have been more explicitly explored. In Lullaby, Auden presents a post coital situation, which is suggested by the title, as well as the phrase ‘sleeping head’, on the other hand the extract from Tis Pity She’s a Whore reaches its climax by the strong suggestions of consummation of the relationship of Annabella and Giovanni. Although the two differ in the timings of physical action, both of the writings offer language full of sexual as well as passionate connotations. Auden, illustrates the force of passion between him and his lover with ‘ Soul and body have no bounds’ as well as ‘ not a whisper, not a thought, not a kiss nor look be lost’. The repetition of ‘not’ in these two lines, might hint to a fact that the lovers need to savour every moment with each other in fear of a negative force. This phrase might hold a greater meaning as the tone of it suggests that the poet is torn between the reality and the kind of passion – still condemned in wider societies. The tone of illicit and sinful affair is set in Ford’s text as well, by the language such as ‘ suppressed the hidden flames’ where Ford uses natural imagery to present the sheer force of Giovanni’s passion, or Annabella’s ‘For every sigh thou hast spent for me, I have sighed ten’ crying back to her brother. In contrast with Auden’s poem Ford can not afford, in XVII century...
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...Learning Habits One of the hardest things to do in life is to analyze or criticize yourself. A person can sit there and be able to criticize other people and pick out all the flaws, but when asked to analyze ones self, a person may find it difficult to find their own flaws. However, there are people out there that get paid to design test to help people see their flaws and help them analyze themselves. Though these test may not be one hundred percent perfect, they will give a person a better understanding of their strengths and weaknesses. After taking the Learning and Study Strategies Inventory (LASSI), the Inventory of Classroom Style and Skills (INCLASS), and the Center for Innovative Teaching Experiences (CITE), I was able to see my strengths and weaknesses in my study habits. Like I have stated before, these test are not one hundred percent perfect or correct. They are not designed to be that way; however, they are designed to give a person a better understanding of their study habits. After taking all the tests, I can say that I do not completely agree with the results that came out. But, before I pass judgment, lets take two thing into consideration: first off, I may not have been honest with myself in answering the questions, second, the test are scored on a percentile scale based on a collection of scores accumulated from people who have taken the tests before. After reviewing my test results, I find that I enjoy working with numbers. In my opinion, numbers are...
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...5 Analysis- Pentium Flaw NT1110 February 11, 2015 Instructor Sheila Pearson The Pentium flaw was when a segment among the Pentium CPU’s transistors performed division incorrectly. Engineers for Intel discovered the problem after the product was released in 1993 but they kept it hush hush and decided to fix the problem by using updates to the chip. A mathematician by the name of Thomas Nicely that worked for Lynchburg College in West Virginia also discovered the flaw. At first Grove, who was the CEO of Intel at the time, did not want to recall the product but when IBM got involved and made the announcement that they would not sell any computers that used that CPU chip, it forced Intel to do a recall that cost them about $475 million. In the beginning by keeping it quiet they were doing the wrong thing by trying to deceive the customer. By doing that they could have lost a lot of business from customers who might have felt that they were not trustworthy and were knowingly selling faulty products. But in the end they did the right thing and recalled the chips with the flaws in it which is the right thing to do. They decided to replace all flawed processors upon request and put aside a 420 million dollar budget to do so. They also hired hundreds of employees to specifically deal with customer requests. They placed four fulltime employees to read Internet newsgroups and respond to any and every question or remark about Intel’s products. If this same flaw was to happen today...
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...The story and real life differences are Pia getting raped page 35 paragraph 1. If I could change one situation in the story, I Really don't think I would. It makes the book more interesting, but if I really had to I would change the fact that Pia’s mom didn't believe her when she told her that her mom’s friend Jim was trying to rape her .I would change that because Pia was already raped and tried to harm herself and for her mom not to believe her that just a horrible experience for any girl of any age even males for that matter. My favorite thing said that could be used as a quote is “ Maybe the swoop list has been an eye-opener for all of us.I hate that any of us were on it, but atleast we got each other,and at least we now realize the flaws we’ve conquered. I’d give this novel a 10 go read it , it may help you with some things you may be going...
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...floating-point unit flaw only occurred on some models of the original Pentium microprocessor chip. Professor Nicely, a professor of mathematics at Lynchburg College, had written code to enumerate primes, twin primes, prime triplets, and prime quadruplets. Prof. Nicely noticed some inconsistencies in the calculations in June, 1994, shortly after adding a Pentium system to his group of computers, but was unable to eliminate other possible factors until October, 1994. On October 24th, 1994 he reported the flaw he encountered to Intel. The person that he contacted at Intel later admitted being aware of the flaw since May 1994. The flaw was discovered by Intel during testing of the FPU for its new P6 core, which was first used in the Pentium Pro. An example of the flaw was found where the division result returned by the Pentium microprocessor was off by about 61 parts per million. In November, 1994 the story first broke in an article published in Electronic Engineering Times. In the story, Intel says it has corrected the glitch in subsequent runs of the chip, and Intel dismisses the importance of the flaw saying, "This doesn't even qualify as errata." The story was later picked up by other national and international media. On November 30, 1994 Intel released an in-house study of the flaw, "Statistical Analysis of Floating Point Flaw in the Pentium Processor" H.P. Sharangpani and M.L. Barton, Intel Corporation. The study on the processor minimized the potential impact of the flaw on the majority...
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...and term paper examples. NT1110 Unit 5 Analysis 1: Pentium Flaw The Pentium flaw began to be noticed on a public level in 1994. This was a huge flaw considering that the Pentium processor was used in 80% of the personal computers worldwide. The microprocessor is the heart of the computer and controls all of the operations and calculations that take place. “Flaws are not uncommon in complicated integrated circuits and most of them go unnoticed by the user” (Fleddermann, 2004). However, the Pentium flaw was very different. It caused incorrect answers when preforming double-precision arithmetic and was easily detected by the users. The first time that it was noticed, was by a university researcher. He noticed that the results of some of his calculations were incorrect. They began to do test on whether or not the microprocessor was flawed. “Using spreadsheet software, the user was able to take the number 4,195,835, multiply it by 3,145,727, and then divide that result by 3,145,727. As we all know from elementary math, when a number is multiplied and then divided by the same number, the result should be the original number. In this example, the result should be 4,195,835. However with the flaw, the result of the calculation was 4,195,579” (Crothers, 1994). Intel originally denied that there was even a flaw. Only after it become clear to the public that there was actually a flaw, did they acknowledge there was a flaw but it was a small and insignificant. They would only replace...
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...Research Paper Factory Join Search Browse Saved Papers Home Page » Computers and Technology Intel Pentium Microprocessor Flaw In: Computers and Technology Intel Pentium Microprocessor Flaw Pentium Microprocessor Flaw NT1110 Pentium Microprocessor Flaw Pentium microprocessor flaw was in the floating-point math subsection. The flaw was found where the division result returned by the Pentium microprocessor was off by approximately sixty-one parts per million. Once Intel pinpointed the flaw, their solution was to keep the information within the company and not disclose the information to the public. Regardless of the fact that the flaw did not affect all microprocessors, it actually only affected a very small number of customers, Intel should have openly acknowledged the problem. When customers would call into Intel with issues concerning the flaw, Intel would input a certain code into it in order to verify that was in fact the problem. Once the problem was identified, Intel then would implement a solution. However, if Intel had openly accepted and informed the clients about the issue, it most likely would have saved them not only money but also their reputation between the company and their existing clients. Needless to say, their decision resulted in some very unhappy customers. If this same type of flaw was to be found in a new CPU today, the company would surely fail. With a problem in the floating-point math subsection with an error of...
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...The most common types of CPU’s on the market today are manufactured by Intel Advanced Micro Devices (AMD). Intel is the largest global supplier of microprocessors for the x86 architecture (PCs), and AMD is the second largest. AMD concentrates primarily on CPU’s, chipsets, and other microprocessors, but Intel delves into many other markets including networking technologies, motherboards, and much more. It is important to know some of the processors that each manufacturer develops so that you can different differentiate between the various types of PCs you can see in the field. The Pentium microprocessor is the CPU (central processing unit) for what are now possibly the widest-selling personal computers. Unlike previous CPUs that Intel made, the 486DX and Pentium chips included a floating-point unit (FPU) also know as a math coprocessor. Previous Intel CPUs did all their arithmetic using integers; programs that used floating-point numbers (non-integers like 2.5 or 3.14) needed to tell the chip how (for example) to divide them using integer arithmetic. The 486DX and Pentium chips have these instructions built into the chip, in their FPUs. This makes them much faster for intense numerical calculations, more complex, and more expensive. The problem for Intel is that all Pentiums manufactured until sometime this fall had errors in the on-chip FPU instructions for division. This caused the Pentium's FPU to incorrectly divide certain floating-point numbers. A mathematics professor by...
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...The Flaw in the Intel Pentium Chip I In late 1994, the media began to report that there was a flaw in the new Pentium microprocessor produced by Intel. A flaw in the Pentium was especially significant since at that time it was the microprocessor used in 80% of the personal computers produced worldwide. Apparently, flaws in a complicated integrated circuit such as the Pentium are not uncommon. Most of these flaws cannot be detected by the user and do not affect the operation of the computer. The flaw that was discovered in 1994 was different. It caused incorrect answers when performing double-precision arithmetic, a very common computer operation. The flaw was easily detected by computer users. In fact, it first came to light when a university researcher noticed that the results of some calculations he was performing using his PC were incorrect. Many daily newspapers across the country carried stories about this problem. Intel’s initial response was that although there was indeed a defect in the chip, the defect was insignificant and the vast majority of users would never even notice it. The chip would be replaced for free only for users who could demonstrate that they needed an unflawed version. Of course, this approach did not satisfy most Pentium owners since no one can predict whether the flaw might be significant in a future application. IBM, a major Pentium user, canceled the sales of all IBM computers containing the flawed chip. Finally, after much negative publicity...
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