...experienced a rapid rate of economic growth. Although this has led to higher incomes and better health for many Developing countries, we still have far to go to make this growth truly inclusive. Developing countries are expected to fall short on several Millennium Development Goals: by 2015, it is expected that 40 percent of Developing countrie’s children will remain undernourished, and Developing countries will have progressed only halfway toward its goals for decreasing infant mortality. Inequality, poor public health, and environmental degradation will increasingly constrain their economic growth. Corporations play a critical role in achieving inclusive growth. Government is often seen as the answer to society’s problems, but spending by the Government of Developing countries alone will likely be insufficient to address these critical issues. governments can encourage contributions from the private sector by passing legislation and using its purchasing power to create a supportive, enabling environment. Philanthropy can also help catalyze change, but charity has a limited ability to sustainably achieve scale. The private sector, however, possesses skills and technologies necessary for innovation, and excels at developing sustainable solutions to identified needs and taking such solutions to scale. Creating shared value is more effective than traditional approaches. Corporate social responsibility (CSR) has been the primary mechanism by which Developing countrie’s companies...
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...Mid-Term Case Study Analysis Introduction According to Ann Cunliffe, Organization Theory “wasn’t recognized as a discipline until the 1960s” (Cunliffe, 2008, pp. 8). Currently however, Organization Theory is a common concept and has to be practiced every day by managers. For that reason, managers and administrators must be aware of the competitive advantage that derives from the thorough knowledge of organizational theories. Organizational literature offers a broad amount of tools that can help managers in their decision making processes. Even though theories are not rules, they are based on observation and data collection over the years, and are accepted among scholars (Vibert and Hurst, 2003). Consequently, learning the theories that scholars have written in the past (and in the present) help managers to create a portfolio of frameworks to solve the problems they might face in their organizations. Moreover, managers who excel the practice of organizational theories become more critical individuals; improve effectiveness within their organizations and develop the ability to predict organizational behavior. Based on the above, this paper pretends to put into practice the theories and concepts learned so far in the academic course Organization Theory. Accordingly, this script summarizes the practical analysis of the case presented in Jermier’s work “When the Sleeper Wakes”: A Short Story Extending Themes in Radical Organization Theory (Jermier, 1985). This critical analysis...
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...Edexcel AS Politics Edexcel AS Politics ExamBuster 2009 Introduction to Unit 1- People and Politics Understanding the Examination and Exam Technique Choosing your questions In this unit you are presented with four questions. They are of equal value and each question covers one of the four sections of the specification. These are: Democracy and political participation Party policies and ideas Elections Pressure groups There is no significance to the order in which questions appear. Each question is divided into three sections (a), (b) and (c). When choosing which questions to do, the following principles are recommended: It is almost certain that you will be better off choosing your strongest question to do first. You should choose questions on the basis of how well you can answer the section (c) part. The (c) part carries 25 of the 40 marks available for the whole answer. Do not choose a question simply because you can do part (a) especially well. The (a) question is only worth 5 marks. It would be illogical to choose your strongest (a) part if you cannot do well on section (c). If you cannot decide between several (c) parts, i.e. you can do more than one equally well, make your choice on the basis of part (b) which carries 10 marks. But remember, it is the (c) parts that will determine most what your overall mark will be. So, when you first look at the exam paper, look at the (c) sections first. Assessment Objectives Each question is divided into three sections,...
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... Introduction………………………………...4 Nestle in the eye of Elkington’s TBL……...5 CSR review and analysis…………………..9 Stakeholder’s perspective and criticism….12 Conclusion………………………………….14 Recommendation…………………………..15 Executive summary Nestle is a well known multinational company, they operate all around the world and deliver some good quality FMCG, but at the ethical level they don’t really score very well, they have a long history in boycotting from their origin which is Switzerland going to the UK and USA. Their more significant problem comes from their baby milk formula that for many human rights activist was the reason for the death of many kids around world. Nestlé’s story don’t stop here, they are also accused of child labour in Brazil and manipulating farmers, where they were trying to look ethical through helping them when their real intention was actually to regulate the market prices. Aside of the human level, Nestle is also criticised for testing their products on animals like coffee carcinogenicity on mice. But with all this problems, the image is not completely bad for the company as they are trying to act ethical at some levels, such as water, where with the help of some international organisations, they are raising awareness about the important of water and how it can become a major problem...
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...and 7.5 from our student textbooks. 2012 2012 Class Project: Thesis Class Project: Thesis The following will include our class project of writing an argumentative Thesis. It will project my opinion and supporting arguments of my viewpoint. The following will include our class project of writing an argumentative Thesis. It will project my opinion and supporting arguments of my viewpoint. The FDA negatively effects the lives of everyone in the world with their desire to control enslave and poison everyone on a global scope. The FDA, Big Pharmaceuticals, and Governments make trillions of dollars, not caring for the health or welfare of the population of the world. There is massive corruption between these organizations with very strong ties. Big Pharmaceuticals such as Bayer, Mereck, BASF, Monsanto, and Pfizer are just a few of the influential lobbing companies, with strong ties to the FDA government regulators of products Pharmaceutical companies produce and invest heavily in. Keeping the masses sick, controlled, and monopolizing every aspect they can. From food, crops, medicine, natural herbs, and the way any ingredient is introduced or allowed to be used. Our bodies are continually poisoned and polluted every day of our lives, all while being told what to think and lied to. It is a conflict of interest that the very people approving the use of ingredients and drugs in everything, profit financially from the very ingredients and drugs they approve. Not just the...
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...Policy #2 The history of the American economy has been greatly impacted by the industrial revolution. Life as the people of this time knew it would have a big change ahead of them. The normal life of using your hands to produce products would become more of machines doing the manual work. There was a boom in population and income stemming from the economy becoming more efficient. The Industrial Revolution increased the supply of goods dramatically from the invention of a mass-production technique that was represented by Henry Ford. The majority of the increase of supply was largely seen in mining, steel, oil, transportation networks, communications networks, industrial cities, and financial centers, but also consumer goods. The concept of people not having to use their hands as much anymore was an important advancement. The time being saved was significant not to mention how efficient these steam powered machines were in production. Now the overall work time is being cut dramatically considering they could now have settings for machines to produce the work. At the same time, the workers needed to realize this meant there would be less jobs available for employees. There would be less work to manage, but this led to creating a bigger profit since there was not as much man power needed in the factory. This idea of having the machine do the dirty work sparked the importance of profits for the business leaders, which over time has arguably led to the greedy business leaders we...
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...Research Study INTRODUCTION Accounting scandals in business firms arise with the disclosure of financial misdeeds by trusted executives of corporations. Examples of Accounting Fraud: • Merging short and long term debt into one amount to improve the perceived liquidity of the company • Failing to disclose risky investments or “creative” accounting practices • Over-recording sales revenue • Under-recording expenses (i.e. depreciation expense) Accounting fraud leads to many serious problem for everyone not only for the perpetrator. Accounting fraud causes problem in the market place and the economy. As a result in most cases, investors' loose large sum of money due to the misrepresentation of financial position and financial result of the company. Also, because of this, there is lack of trust in the market, accounting system, and in the company in which accounting fraud was committed from the investors. Employees in that company are at rest of losing their job because of the scandal. WHY DOES ACCOUNTING FRAUD OCCUR? Fraud are triggered by three elements; rationalization, perceived pressure, and perceived opportunities. Whether the fraud benefits the perpetrator directly, or indirectly, such as benefiting the perpetrator’s company, the three elements are always present. Rationalization- perpetrators find some sort of rationalization that makes their unethical behavior seem acceptable. Perceived Pressure- perpetrators are faced with some kind of pressure...
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...production functions q = K¼L¼ and a larger store with production function q = 2K¼L¼. You hire capital for $4, labour for $1. When you took over this role, your boss told you that Q = 24 was the profit maximizing output for this multi-plan firm: 24 = q1 + q2 + q3. Now, the price of labour rises to $4. Provide (i) Isoquant/Isocost diagrams, (ii) Total Cost and (iii) Marginal Cost diagrams. Illustrate the substitution effect (point a to b) and output effect (point b to c) on these diagrams. Explain why your firm uses less capital even when the price of labour increases. (September 2010) For the production function q = K2 + L2 (A) Demonstrate that the elasticity of substitution is negative. (B) Provide a labelled diagram showing the q = 100 isoquant (C) Briefly explain what a negative value means for σ 3. 4. A special production function is q = min( 80K, 4L1 + 2L2). Discuss the production process described by this function. Is this production function constant returns to scale? Five-year-old Jack has set up a hot chocolate stand outside his home. His customers like hot chocolate made in only one way, one unit of chocolate and 3 units of milk to go into each unit of hot chocolate. Jack’s mother, Naomi, provides him with heat, cups and cleaning free of charge. However, she charges him $0.25 for each unit of chocolate and $0.50 for each unit of milk. What are the returns to scale for his production function? (September 2008) Please answer both of the following questions. Provide clearly written...
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...according to religious groups and in addition, there is no guarantee of successful results). My stance on this debated topic is that human genetic engineering should not be funded or researched, as there is no 100% guarantee that it will be successful, and in addition, I am a very religious person, and in my opinion, the body that a person has is a gift of God, and it should not be changed in any ways. However, there are still thousands of people with fatal diseases who have no hope for surviving, and human genetic engineering could serve as the only hope for them. There are many sides that can be affected either positively or negatively if human genetic engineering is funded and researched, however, the major stakeholders are primarily the government of US and private companies who fund all the experiments, people with fatal diseases who hope for any type of cure., and the science in general, because if human genetic engineering will be proven beneficial, it will be a catalyst for further innovations in science. The formal definition of genetic engineering given is “the directed alteration of genetic material by intervention in genetic processes”. Stated in another way, it is a scientific alteration of the structure of genetic material in a living organism. There are many different methods in...
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...KRAFT’S BUDGETING AND STRATEGY A case study Presented to CASE STUDY IN PRODUCTION AND OPERATION MANAGEMENT BUDGETING AND STRATEGY A KRAFT FOOD INTRODUCTION The company has its origin as National Dairy Products Corporation (National Dairy), formed on December 10, 1923, by Thomas H. McInnerney. The firm was initially set up to execute on a rollup strategy in the then fragmented United States ice cream industry. Through acquisitions it expanded into a full range of dairy products. By 1930 it was the largest dairy company in the United States and the world, exceeding Borden. McInnerney operated the Hydrox Corporation, an ice cream company located in Chicago, Illinois. In 1923 he went to Wall Street to convince investment bankers there to finance his scheme for consolidating the United States ice cream industry. He initially found "hard sledding" with one banker saying the dairy industry "lacked dignity." He persevered and convinced a consortium including Goldman Sachs and Lehman Brothers to finance a rollup strategy. As a result of his efforts, National Dairy Products Corporation was formed in 1923 in a merger of McInnerney's Hydrox with Rieck McJunkin Dairy Co of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. The resulting firm was then listed on the New York Stock Exchange with the offer of 125,000 shares having been The firm grew quickly through a large number of acquisitions. As it is typical...
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...onoECONOMICS RESOURCE | 1 ECONOMICS RESOURCE | 1 ECONOMICS 2009-10: FUNDAMENTALS OF ECONOMIC THINKING Table of Contents Preface to the Economics Resource .................................................................................. 5 Fundamentals of Economics ............................................................................................ 7 The Basic Economic Problem—Scarcity ............................................................................................ 8 Production of Goods and Services .................................................................................................... 10 Increasing Costs ............................................................................................................................... 12 The Factors of Production ............................................................................................................... 14 Benefit-Cost Analysis – Marginal Decision-Making ......................................................................... 15 Marginal Utility and Waffles ............................................................................................................ 17 More on Marginal Utility and the Effect of Prices ............................................................................ 19 Individual and Social Goals .............................................................................................................. 20 Positive and Normative Economics...
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...Misconceptions and Clarifications on Issues Related to Humanae Vitae and the Reproductive "Health" Bill in Philippine Congress. Rev. Fr. Gregory D. Gaston, STD (This primer was written for Avenues, the Journal of San Carlos Seminary Graduate School of Theology. Copyright © 2008 by the author, a priest of the Archdiocese of Manila and Professor of the Graduate School of Theology of San Carlos Seminary in Makati City, Philippines. For related topics, please visit www.safe.ph.) |MISCONCEP-TIONS |CLARIFICATIONS | | |(underlined texts come from the Reproductive Bill currently [August 2008] filed in Congress; emphasis in bold | | |letters added) | |The world is overpopulated. |"Yet this is not the full story. To the contrary, in fact. Across the globe, people are having fewer and fewer | |Global population will soar |children. Fertility rates have dropped by half since 1972, from six children per woman to 2.9. And demographers | |to 11.9 billion by 2050. |say they're still falling, faster than ever. The world's population will continue to grow—from today's 6.4 billion| | |to around 9 billion in 2050. But after that, it will go sharply into decline. Indeed, a phenomenon...
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...1 The Globalization of Thai Cuisine Sirijit Sunanta University of British Columbia, sirijit@interchange.ubc.ca Paper presented at the Canadian Council for Southeast Asian Studies Conference, York University, Toronto, October 14-16, 2005 Introduction Globalization literature underscores the flows of people, information, technologies, capital and ideas across national borders (Appadurai 1996). The contact between cultures following these transnational flows has resulted in the widespread exchange and transformation of cultural forms (Appadurai 1996, Featherstone 1995). Responding to the call from some transnationalism and globalization writers, such as Cook and Crang, for the need to ground globalization theory in specific empirical materials, this paper seeks to analyze globalization through the mundane, everyday consumption of food and drink, and by following a form of cultural commodity – Thai food, or Thai cuisine – on its transnational routes. I start by giving a historical overview of how Thai food has become internationalized and has reached a global audience in cosmopolitan cities around the globe. Based on empirical observation of Thai restaurants in Vancouver, I explore the processes Thai cuisine has undergone when it enters transnational space and serves a global clientele. My field research reveals that Thai restaurants in a North American city highlight the authenticity of the Thai taste while at the same time adapting to local food customs. 2 Although creative...
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...Dissertation On “A Study On Cold Chain Logistics ” Submitted by: Garvita Uniyal A. STATEMENT OF THE PROPOSAL Problem Statement “ A Study on Cold Chain Logistics ” is the research work that deals with different process and techniques used for reducing spoilage, retain the quality of the product, guarantees a cost efficient delivery and maintaining ideal storage conditions for perishables products from the point of origin to the point of consumption in the food supply chain. Background Cold Chain Logistics is the logistics system that provides ideal condition to the temperature sensitive perishable goods from the point of origin to the point of consumption through thermal and refrigerated packaging methods and the logistical planning to protect the integrity of these shipments. The Cold Chain logistics infrastructure generally consists of: Pre-cooling facilities, Cold storage, Refrigerated Carriers, Packaging, Warehousing, Information Management System, Traceability and Financial & Insurance Institution. A Cold Chain is a temperature controlled supply chain which begins at pre-cooling stage prior to shipping. It involves a temperature and moisture controlled transportation and storage of refrigerated goods and frozen goods. With the growing demand of the fast food, ready meal and frozen products, Logistics organization are seeking for better cold chain solutions. Organizations are using several food temperature levels to suit the different...
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...Feature Article of Friday, 26 October 2001 Columnist: Frempong, Kwadwo Why The Foreign Investors Are Coming But Not Staying.! by Kojo Frempong Ghana has been seen as one of the safe havens in Sub-Saharan Africa and the world. The recent peaceful political transition from the National Democratic congress to the New Patriotic Party, was a great boost to investor confidence. The ex- president of Ghana Jerry Rawlings started an impressive tour of the world with the view of convincing investors to Ghana. Investors of all shapes and colours came to Ghana but little or no new big investor stayed or came again?! It was not surprising when a minister of State in President Kuffour’s government expressed surprised at the above. Ghana has a very serene atmosphere, good investment climate, political stability, human resource, market oriented economy, Great investment code that allows almost 100% repatriation of revenue, yet we are drawing blank, so what and where lies the problem? How many made in Ghana goods do you see in US markets, EU or East-Asian markets? Ghana’s chocolate the Golden Tree has won many trade show awards as the best chocolate why don’t we see in Europe or America? The reason is the problem of market accessibility, period! If Goods labelled “made in Ghana will have difficulty entering US, and European markets why should the investors come? Am sure we know of the trouble Banana growers in Ghana are going through before they get the product to Europe? Ghana has...
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