...Themes in Media Theory Dan Laughey KeyThemes in MediaTheory KeyThemes in MediaTheory Dan Laughey Open University Press Open University Press McGraw-Hill Education McGraw-Hill House Shoppenhangers Road Maidenhead Berkshire England SL6 2QL email: enquiries@openup.co.uk world wide web: www.openup.co.uk and Two Penn Plaza, New York, NY 10121–2289, USA First published 2007 Copyright # Dan Laughey 2007 All rights reserved. Except for the quotation of short passages for the purposes of criticism and review, no part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the prior permission of the publisher or a licence from the Copyright Licensing Agency Limited. Details of such licences (for reprographic reproduction) may be obtained from the Copyright Licensing Agency Ltd of Saffron House, 6–10 Kirby Street, London, EC1N 8TS. A catalogue record of this book is available from the British Library ISBN–10: 0335 218 13X (pb) 0335 218 148 (hb) ISBN–13: 9780 335 218 134 (pb) 9780 335 218 141 (hb) Library of Congress Cataloguing-in-Publication Data CIP data applied for Typeset by YHT Ltd, London Printed in Poland by OZGraf S.A. www.polskabook.pl Contents List of illustrations Acknowledgements 1 What is media theory? What are media? What is theory? What is media theory? How to use this book Behaviourism and media effects Introduction Lasswell’s chain...
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...Creativity and Business Innovation Prof. Stefan Meisiek Case Analysis of Critical Mass : The IT Creativity Challenge Piyush Choudhary 2013962348 Executive Summary Critical Mass is a highly successful digital marketing service firm with a its major clientele part of the Fortune 500 group. The Internet industry of which Critical Mass is a part is changing a lot. The social media tools have created a generation that has access to a lot more information. Consumers are becoming highly demanding in making creativity and innovation a must for the success of Critical Mass Inc. The company had invested a lot of resources to achieve a so called creativity inducing environment and organized a plethora of activities to ensure that the creative juices kept flowing. At this juncture the company is at the crossroads to take its next step towards a significant expansion in its client base. As a result Brian Kramer (Tech Director) and Gordon Bunk (Senior VP and MD) have decided to inspect and revaluate the current practices followed in the firm to determine whether they were having the required effect make necessary changes to make them more meaningful and result oriented. 1 |Page Creativity and Business Innovation Prof. Stefan Meisiek Introduction Critical Mass was setup in 1995 by Ted Hellard and Michael Clairo with the intention of being a interactive golf CD-ROM development company. As a part of the plan Hellard went to pitch his interactive golf CD-ROM to Mercedes Benz ,however...
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...The Media and Its Responsibilities Student Name: Institution of affiliation: The Media and Its Responsibilities Introduction Ethics is defined as the study of standards of conduct, moral philosophy or moral judgment. It deals with moral values of human behavior as well as the principles and rules that are applied to govern the behavior. Philosophers, worldwide, have developed various theories meant to explain further the concept of philosophy (Thompson, 1985). These theories include: Utilitarianism, deontology and virtue. They have also come up with other theories that explain the behavior of individuals such as emotivism, relativism, and ethical egoism. In this paper, I will put consideration on one of the above theories in relation to the media and its responsibilities; furthermore I will contrast my response of how to resolve ethical issues with perspective brought by ethical egoism with credible and well argued support of view that is closer to mine. Media is a diversified form of communication intended to reach a large number of the audience through the application of media technologies. There are various technologies available through which the communication is made possible, they include: radio in broadcast media; television and films which transmit information electronically; recorded music; use of newspapers, pamphlets, books and comics to convey information in print media (Thompson, 1985). Other type of media communication include...
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...IMPACT OF SOCIAL MEDIA ON STUDENTS ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE (A STUDY OF STUDENTS OF UNIVERSITY OF ABUJA) By ANJUGU JESSICA NDAKU MC/2009/386 DEPARTMENT OF MASS COMMUNICATION MANAGEMENT AND SOCIAL SCIENCES CARITAS UNIVERSITY AMORJI – NIKE ENUGU AUGUST, 2013 TITLE PAGE IMPACT OF SOCIAL MEDIA ON THE STUDENTS ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE (A STUDY OF STUDENTS OF UNIVERSITY OF ABUJA) By ANJUGU JESSICA NDAKU MC/2009/386 A RESEARCH PROJECT SUBMITTED TO THE DEPARTMENT OF MASS COMMUNICATION MANAGEMENT AND SOCIAL SCIENCES CARITAS UNIVERSITY, AMORJI – NIKE, ENUGU. IN PARTIAL FULFILMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE AWARD OF BACHELOR OF SCIENCES (B.Sc.) DEGRESS IN MASS COMMUNICATION, AUGUST, 2013 Declaration I, Anjugu Ndaku .J. hereby declare that this research work was written by me and has not been submitted or received anywhere for the purpose of acquiring a degree in Mass Communication. -------------------------------------------------------ANJUGU NDAKU J --------------------------------------------DATE Certification Page I certify that this study was carried out by Anjugu Ndaku .J. It was approved by the Department of Mass Communication, Caritas University, Amorji – Nike, Enugu as meeting the requirement for the Award of Bachelor of Science, B.Sc. (Hons) Mass Communication. ------------------------------------------------------Dr. (Mrs.) Acholonu (Project Supervisor) --------------------------------------Date --------------------------------------------------------Dr. (Mrs.) Acholonu...
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...CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND For years, researchers have been studying about the possible influence mass media could do in the lives of the people. And one of the highly influential media is advertising- a paid message that appears in the mass media for the purpose of informing or persuading people about particular products, services, beliefs, or actions. You see ads every day, mostly in the middle of a TV show, A Television Commercial, and it's easy to say "they're just ads" because, at worst, they feel like a nuisance or interruption. A lot of people have difficulty accepting the idea that ads are manipulative because we want to believe we're in complete control of our choices. Advertising exists because there's a product a company wants to sell and they want people to know about it so they can buy it. This much is obvious. There are all kinds of ads, but in general they all aim to keep you from thinking and, instead, make your buying choices based on an emotional response. Basically, if you're not prepared to think—and you often are not when you're watching television or reading a magazine—you'll pretty much accept any suggestion if it is offered to you. Since you're being so passive, you may not even realize its happening. Product advertisements such as beauty products, food and clothing pay a great deal of influence in Filipino viewers, especially young people. The consumer preference id often based...
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...2013 Hassan Nadeem FAST-NU Increase In Teenage Crimes Contents Executive Summary 3 Introduction 4 Teenage Crimes 4 In Pakistan 4 Background 5 Peer Pressure: 5 Poverty: 5 Poor Parenting Skills 5 Findings 6 Survey 6 Interview 6 Small Scale Implementations 7 Conclusion 8 Bibliography 9 Charts……………………………………………………………………………………………………10 Appendix 11 Executive Summary Teenage crimes as we all know are those crimes which are performed by people aging between 13-19 years old. These crimes are performed all over the world but unfortunately these crimes have been on the rise in Pakistan for the last 5 years. My objective was to find out who are responsible for the increase in teenage crimes. For this purpose I Conducted a survey from our fellow students and also interviewed a Deputy Supretendant of Police to get his views about this particular issue. The results we found showed that teenage crimes are a reason behind many problems of our country and steps should be taken to reduce this as soon as possible otherwise condition of our country will become much worse because a country cannot develop without its youth. “The Youth of today are the future of tomorrow and a country cannot prosper and develop without the contribution of its youth”:- (Bill Gates) Introduction ...
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...Research Report on Negative Messages Spread Through Social Media DeVry University January 20, 2012 Devry Alum Creek Campus 1350 Alum Creek Dr. Columbus, OH 43209 February 20, 2012 Professional Writing professor Devry Alum Creek Campus 1350 Alum Creek Dr. Columbus, OH 43209 Dear Professor: We are pleased to inform you that the research report that was assigned to us is finally complete. The research report was about the negative impact on society through social media and we have learned quite a lot from this group project. As you read through our report, you should keep in mind what is being said to see the war we fight on social media. We feel that not only you but everyone should take the war on social media into consideration because it affects our lifestyle. Social media constantly shoves us toward choices that we might not want to make. It also shows your children the wrong way to feel about themselves and others; this could potentially lead to other endeavors in their life leading to bad mistakes and relationships. Thank you for your much appreciated time. Sincerely, Table of Contents Title Page i Letter of Transmittal ii Table of Contents iii Abstract iv Introduction 1 Impact on Relationships 1 Personal relationships 1 The evolution of signing on 2 The reversal of an initially positive social experience...
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...British stereotypes How do different British stereotypes influence the way we see Britons? If you think of a stereotype, you instantly focus on what it describes. The images you create are then used to recognize both populations and countries, and the stereotype is used as a basic layer to gather information. So, the stereotypes often make the first impression of (for instance) a country. The knowledge is important as it also can give you the will to find out more about the country. This is both positive and negative, because the population is also exposed, which brings us to the question: How do different stereotypes influence the way we see Britons? The British stereotypes influence our vision upon the Britons, by giving us an idea of how they act or behave as human beings. However, some of the allegations are true, but the majority of stereotypes are created as a product of our own imagination. This is why we have to consider whether to believe in the stories or not, and also figure out where these stereotypes origin and why they were made. Stereotypes in general presents a population in a “typical” point of view, as the statements are based on what we know about their society, or what the rest of the world believes. A mental picture A stereotype is a mental picture of a population, where the population is stereotyped because of a common quality. In this context the mental picture doesn’t only affect us, the creators of the stereotypes, but also...
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...Thesis Statement The combination of Ethics and Social media is complicated. What people say online is considered their written word. Professionals often struggle with befriending clients or co-workers. Subordinates sometimes feel pressure when their bosses request friendships. The Social Media frenzy has given professionals the opportunity to communicate with clients online but the rules of confidentiality are sometimes vague. Mass media and ethics in today’s society raises many concerns as decisions are made daily involving ethics and such decisions possess the ability to impact the lives of millions of people, whom read, watch, listen, or browse through a media source outlet. To prevent a formal code of ethics from being broken through mass media, in this case-social media, it is important to understand ethical compliance, especially in the workplace. I. Legal and Ethical Issues associated with Social Media A. Privacy Policies 1. Copyright, Piracy and Libel are all issues directly associated with the ethics of social media. Using someone else’s words or speaking negatively about someone in a way that harms their reputation presents a gray area for social media users. 2. Websites are often constructed to defame someone’s character. There is virtually no way to keep people from going live with these sites. Minimal judgments have been issued mandating the removal of defaming information from websites. II. Social Media and Educational Facilities A. Student Confidentiality...
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...The average female’s self-esteem plummets at the age of twelve, the common time period where most females are going through the process of puberty (“NYC Girl’s Project”). This is also the time that popular media presents the social cultural standard on body image; the mind set that a person can never be “too rich or too thin” (Serdar). An image that is nearly impossible to be obtained, even for the idealistic female model, who struggle to be “unique”. The media has a profound effect on females and how they come to perceive their bodies, for this specific reason we need to change the societal norm. In the early 1900’s the Gibson Girl highly influenced society, much like the Barbie of the late 1900’s. Charles Dana Gibson, the creator of the...
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...Childhood Obesity in our Community Marco Rivera 02/10/2013 The statistics of childhood obesity are horrendous. Childhood obesity has more than doubled in children and tripled in adolescents in the past 30 years. The amount of children gaining weight is beginning to spin out of control. Obesity in general is based off of many statistics and definitions. Many trainers and health critics incorporate body mass index as their number one study when it comes to determining someone’s weight. “Overweight is defined as a BMI (body mass index) at above the 85th percentile and lower than the 95th percentile for child of the same age and sex.” (Barlow, S.E. and Expert Committee, 2007) Childhood obesity is caused by excessive eating and lack of physical activity. If children become severely obese, it can cause long term health issues. The most positive direction that we could guide each other in, would be that of a healthy lifestyle. Thanks to certain programs, society can come together to help prevent childhood obesity one step at a time. In order to change this community and world epidemic, we must simply be knowledgeable of the type of information needed in order to lead a child into the correct way of living a successful life. Childcare providers create a huge impact on teaching a healthy lifestyle to children. Engaging children by teaching with physical activities is one of the best ways to help them find the motivation to be healthy. Studies explain that teachers should educate...
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...terms of their utility rather than in terms of their correctness. So we should not assume that there is always a single right way to define a concept. There is a great deal of variation in the definitions. Some are very abstract and some are extremely specific. Few definitions are cited below. Communication is the process by which an individual (the communicator) transmits stimuli (usually verbal) to modify the behavior of other individuals (the audience). (Hovland Janis and Kelly in 1953) Communication is the process by which we understand others and in turn endeavor to be understood by them. It is dynamic, constantly changing and shifting in response to the total situation (Anderson, 1959) Communication is all of the procedures by which one mind can affect another (W. Weaver, 1949) Communication means that information is passed from one place to another. (Miller, 1951) These definitions are incomplete in the sense that Weaver’s definition is...
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...MARKETING COMMUNICATIONS To Caroline, Arthur, Dan and Becky MARKETING COMMUNICATIONS JOHN EGAN Australia G Canada G Mexico G Singapore G Spain G United Kingdom G United States Marketing Communications John Egan Publishing Director John Yates Production Editor Lucy Mills Typesetter Newgen, India Text Design Design Deluxe Ltd, Bath, UK Publisher Jennifer Pegg Manufacturing Manager Helen Mason Production Controller Maeve Healy Printer Rotolito Lombarda S.p.A. Italy Development Editor Tom Rennie Marketing Executive Leo Stanley Cover Design www.mulcaheydesign.co.uk Copyright © 2007 Thomson Learning The Thomson logo is a registered trademark used herein under licence. For more information, contact Thomson Learning High Holborn House 50-51 Bedford Row London WC1R 4LR or visit us on the World Wide Web at: http://www.thomsonlearning.co.uk This edition published 2007 by Thomson Learning. All rights reserved by Thomson Learning 2007. The text of this publication, or any part thereof, may not be reproduced or transmited in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, storage in an information retrieval system, or otherwise, without prior permission of the publisher. Every effort has been made to trace all the copyright holders, but if any have been inadvertently overlooked the publisher will be pleased to make the necessary arrangements at the first opportunity. Please contact the...
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...Chapter 2 Understanding Culture Introduction Culture is important because it is everything and everywhere. In a very real sense, your culture is part of who you are. What makes culture so unique is that you share culture with other people. Culture is a group worldview, the way of organizing the world that a particular society has created over time. Nolan This framework or web of meaning allows the members of that society to make sense of them-selves, their world, and their experiences in that world. You do not arrive in this world knowing how to dress, what to eat, what to strive for, or how to spend your money and your time. In modern society different people communicate in different ways, as do people in different societies around the world, and the way people communicate is the way they live. It is their culture. When the elements of communication differ or change, the elements of culture differ or change. Communication and culture are inseparable. According to Hanson, Behaviour is governed by many factors, socioeconomic status, sex, age, education etc, each of which will have an impact on cultural practices as well. Individuals may differ by the degree to which they choose to adhere to a set of cultural patterns. Some individuals identify strongly with a particular group; others combine practices from several groups. In this chapter, we (1) explain why cultures develop, (2) highlight the essential features of culture...
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...business, and cause in the world. In its modern sense, public relations was brought into being by the ever increasing complexity of the economic, social, and political problems that have assailed the human race in the years since World war I. Its roots are fixed in the basic fact that public opinion, confused, obscure, and unpredictable as it may seem, is the ultimate ruling force in the free world. A fundamental function of public relations is to help public opinion reach conclusions by providing it with facts and interpretations of facts John Hill, The Making of a Public Relations Man, Chicago: NTC Business Book 1993 PRO624 SPORT PUBLIC RELATIONS 1. Introduction 2. Focusing on the Sport Organization-Media Relationship 3. Managing the Sport Organization-Media Relationship 4. Sports Marketing and Public Relations 5. Strategies and Tactics 6. Communicating in Times of Crisis 7. Using the Internet in Sport Public Relations 8. Addressing Legal and Ethical Considerations 1. Introduction: - Globally people has been realizing the importance of healthy living thus seeking for an avenue to do so - Events like walkathon, marathon, jogathon, aerobics, Tai Chi and many more has been the inspiration for many to stay healthy - Therefore, sports has become the big business today and it has influence the emergence of sports public relations and marketing - Sport public relations is a communication based function to develop desirable relationships with the organization’s...
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