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Minimum Wage

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PELAKSANAAN PERINTAH
GAJI MINIMUM 2012
(Semenanjung Malaysia)

SEPT 2012

SKOP TAKLIMAT

1. Dasar Gaji Minimum di Malaysia;

2. Perintah Gaji Minimum 2012;
3. Garis Panduan Pelaksanaan Perintah
Gaji Minimum 2012; dan
4. Spirit of Moving Forward

2

3

DASAR GAJI MINIMUM

OBJEKTIF
1. Untuk memastikan keperluan asas pekerja dan keluarga mereka dapat dipenuhi;
2. Untuk memberikan perlindungan sosial yang mencukupi kepada pekerja-pekerja;
3. Untuk menggalakkan industri meningkatkan rantaian pengeluaran global dengan melabur dalam intensif teknologi dan meningkatkan produktiviti buruh; dan
4. Untuk mengurangkan kebergantungan negara kepada pekerja asing tidak mahir.
5

UNDANG-UNDANG

 Akta Majlis Perundingan Gaji
Negara 2011
(Akta 732) dikuat kuasakan mulai 15.9.2011
 Perintah Gaji Minimum 2012
(P.U(A) 214) diwartakan pada
16.7.2012
6

DEFINISI

 Gaji Minimum (GM) ialah gaji terendah mengikut jam, harian atau bulanan yang perlu dibayar majikan kepada pekerja (ILO)
 GM ertinya “GAJI POKOK” di bawah seksyen 2 Akta 732

7

KRITERIA PENETAPAN GM
KRITERIA

JUSTIFIKASI
Menentukan
keperluan-keperluan asas pekerja dan keluarga pekerja

Gaji Penengah (GP)

KRITERIA
ASAS

Pendapatan Garis
Kemiskinan (PGK)

Satu titik untuk merujuk kepada kemampuan majikan membayar gaji

Perubahan dalam
Petunjuk
untuk mencerminkan Indeks Harga Pengguna perubahan kos sara hidup
(IHP)

8

Pertumbuhan
Produktiviti(P)

Menyelaraskan peningkatan gaji dengan pertumbuhan produktiviti

Kadar Pengangguran
Sebenar (KPS)

KRITERIA
PELARASAN

Bagi memastikan kenaikan gaji tidak menjejaskan keupayaan pasaran untuk mewujud dan mengekalkan peluang pekerjaan

FORMULA GM

GM
PGK
GP
P
IHP
KPS

9

=
=
=
=
=
=

i
=
Labuan)

Gaji Minimum (RM)
Pendapatan Garis Kemiskinan (RM)
Gaji Penengah
Pertumbuhan produktiviti (%)
Indeks Harga Pengguna (% tukaran)
Kadar Pengangguran Sebenar (%)
= (Kadar Pengangguran – 4%)
Wilayah (Sem. Malaysia, Sabah, Sarawak dan

KADAR GM BERDASARKAN FORMULA

KADAR BULANAN
(RM)

KADAR IKUT JAM
(RM)

Semenanjung
Malaysia

956.73

4.60

Sabah dan
Labuan

771.79

3.71

Sarawak

781.58

3.76

WILAYAH

10

KADAR GM YANG DICADANGKAN MPGN

KADAR BULANAN
(RM)

KADAR IKUT JAM
(RM)

Semenanjung
Malaysia

900

4.33

Sabah dan
Labuan

770

3.70

Sarawak

780

3.75

WILAYAH

11

PERINTAH GAJI MINIMUM 2012

KADAR GM MENGIKUT
PERINTAH GAJI MINIMUM 2012

KADAR GAJI MINIMUM
WILAYAH
Bulanan

Jam

Semenanjung
Malaysia

RM900

RM4.33

Sabah, Sarawak dan Wilayah
Persekutuan
Labuan

RM800

RM3.85

13

SKOP PEMAKAIAN
GM adalah untuk semua ‘Pekerja’ iaitu :
• yang menerima gaji tidak melebihi RM2,000 sebulan atau pekerja-pekerja manual tanpa had gaji atau pekerja-pekerja lain seperti ditakrifkan di bawah Akta
Kerja 1955; atau
• yang menerima gaji tidak melebihi RM2,500 sebulan atau pekerja-pekerja manual tanpa had gaji atau pekerja-pekerja lain, seperti ditakrifkan di bawah
Ordinan Buruh Sabah [Bab 67] atau Ordinan Buruh
Sarawak [Bab 76] KECUALI :
•Pekhidmat domestik. Contoh: pembantu rumah, tukang masak, penjaga rumah, tukang kebun, tukang cuci, jaga dan pemandu peribadi.
14•Perantis

PERMULAAN KUAT KUASA
 1.1.2013 kepada:
(1) majikan yang mempunyai >5 pekerja
Ilustrasi 1
Jika selepas 1.1.2013:•bilangan pekerja telah menjadi <6 orang, perintah akan tetap terpakai. (Dalam contoh ini, majikan tertakluk kepada prinsip
‘once in, always in’).


bilangan pekerja menjadi >5 orang, majikan perlu membayar GM kepada semua pekerjanya mulai tarikh pekerja tambahan tersebut digajikan. (2) majikan yang menjalankan aktiviti profesional yang dikelaskan di bawah MASCO tanpa mengira bilangan pekerja. 15

PENGKELASAN MASCO DI BAWAH KUMPULAN UTAMA 2:

PROFESIONAL SAINS
DAN KEJURUTERAAN

PROFESIONAL
KESIHATAN
PROFESIONAL
PERGURUAN
PROFESIONAL
PERNIAGAAN DAN
PENTADBIRAN
16

PROFESIONAL
INFORMASI DAN
TEKNOLOGI DAN
KOMUNIKASI
PROFESIONAL UNDANGUNDANG, SOSIAL DAN
KEBUDAYAAN
PROFESIONAL
HOSPITALITI, RUNCIT
DAN PERKHIDMATAN
LAIN
MASCO 2008 Version 3

samb

 1.7.2013 kepada majikan yang
≤5 pekerja

mempunyai

Ilustrasi 2
Jika antara 1.1.2013 hingga 30.6.2013, majikan A menggajikan 5 orang yang terdiri daripada 2 eksekutif masing-masing bergaji pokok melebihi RM2000 sebulan; 2 pembantu cukai masing-masing bergaji pokok >RM900 sebulan tetapi < RM2000 dan 1 kerani bergaji pokok RM800 sebulan, maka Perintah ini akan terpakai kepadanya mulai
1.7.2013.

17

PENGURANGAN KADAR GM

• Untuk pekerja dalam tempoh percubaan
(probationer)
• Tidak melebihi 30% bagi tempoh 6 bulan pertama sahaja • Berasaskan kepada kontrak perkhidmatan pekerja tersebut. Ilustrasi 3
Pekerja A merupakan pekerja di bawah majikan yang menggajikan 7 pekerja dan dalam tempoh percubaan selama 12 bulan bermula pada
1.4.2012. Tempoh 6 bulan pertama percubaan akan genap pada
30.9.2012, maka kadar GM pada 1.1.2013 hendaklah terpakai dan tidak boleh dikurangkan.
18

samb
Ilustrasi 4
Pekerja B dalam tempoh percubaan yang mula bekerja pada
1.10.2012 bagi tempoh 12 bulan dan dibayar gaji sebanyak
RM500 sebulan. Sehingga 31.12.2012, beliau telah menjalani tempoh percubaan selama 3 bulan. Ini bermakna baki tempoh percubaan adalah 3 bulan. Oleh itu, beliau hendaklah dibayar sekurang-kurangnya RM630 sebulan bagi tempoh bulan Januari hingga Mac 2013. Seterusnya mulai 1.4.2013, beliau hendaklah dibayar GM RM900 sebulan.

19

RUNDINGAN PENSTRUKTURAN SEMULA GAJI
MENGIKUT PERENGGAN 6 PERINTAH GAJI MINIMUM 2012
Majikan dan pekerja, atau kesatuan sekerja boleh
MERUNDINGKAN penstrukturan semula gaji di bawah seksyen 7B Akta Kerja 1955, seksyen 9B Ordinan Buruh
Sabah atau seksyen 10B Ordinan Buruh Sarawak, sebelum Perintah ini berkuatkuasa, dengan syarat bahawa –
(a) Gaji pokok yang distruktur semula yang kena dibayar kepada pekerja hendaklah mengikut kadar GM yang ditetapkan dalam Perintah; (b) Gaji yang distruktur semula hendaklah tidak kurang baiknya daripada gaji yang sedia ada; 20

samb.
(c) Gaji yang distruktur semula tidak boleh kurang daripada jumlah gaji yang diterima oleh pekerja itu sebagaimana yang dipersetujui dalam kontrak perkhidmatan sebelum penstrukturan semula gaji;
(d) Penstrukturan semula gaji hendaklah hanya melibatkan pembayaran bagi kerja yang dilakukan semasa waktu kerja biasa pekerja itu; dan
(e) Penstrukturan semula gaji tidak boleh menyebabkan pekerja itu kehilangan apa-apa saraan yang dinyatakan di bawah perenggan (a) hingga (f) takrifan upah dalam seksyen
2 Akta Kerja 1955, seksyen 2 Ordinan Buruh Sabah dan seksyen 2 Ordinan Buruh Sarawak yang pekerja itu berhak mendapat di bawah kontrak perkhidmatan.
21

samb
Bayaran-bayaran di bawah perenggan (a) hingga (f) adalah seperti berikut: (a)nilai rumah, tempat tinggal, bekalan makanan, minyak,air, rawatan perubatan, kemudahan atau perkhidmatan yang diluluskan;
(b)caruman yang dibayar majikan dalam mana-mana kumpulan wang pencen, kumpulan wang simpanan, skim pemberhentian pekerja, penamatan,rentikerja sementara atau skim persaraan, skim jimat cermat atau mana-mana kumpulan wang lain atau skim yang ditubuhkan untuk faedah dan kebajikan pekerja;
(c)apa-apa elaun perjalanan atau nilai konsesi perjalanan;
(d)apa-apa jumlah yang kena dibayar kepada pekerja untuk menanggung perbelanjaan-perbelanjaan khas yang diperlukan kerana jenis perniagaannya; (e)ganjaran yang kena dibayar atas pemberhentian atau persaraan; atau
(f)apa-apa bonus tahunan atau mana-mana bahagian daripada apa-apa bonus tahunan.

22

PEMBATALAN DAN PENGECUALIAN

Semua perintah berikut yang dibuat di bawah Akta
Majis Penetapan Gaji 1947 [Akta 195] hendaklah dibatalkan berkuatkuasa mulai 1.1.2013:
•Perintah Peraturan Gaji (PPG) Pengawal Keselamatan
Swasta 2011;
•Perintah Peraturan Gaji Penghidangan dan Hotel 1982;
•Perintah Peraturan Gaji Pekerja Wayang Gambar 1981;
•Perintah Peraturan Gaji Pembantu Kedai 1981;
•Perintah Peraturan Gaji Pemunggah Kapal & Pengendali
Muatan 1977; dan
•Perintah Peraturan Gaji Pembantu Kedai (Sarawak) 1972
23

samb
 Semua

perintah majlis penetapan gaji yang dibatalkan hendaklah terus terpakai kepada: majikan yang tarikh kuat kuasa Perintah pada

1.7.2013.
 majikan yang telah diberi kelulusan untuk

menunda pelaksanaan Perintah ini ke suatu tarikh lain sehingga Perintah ini mula dikuat kuasa kepada mereka. Contohnya, Perintah
24

Peraturan Gaji (PPG) Pengawal Keselamatan Swasta
2011..

GARIS PANDUAN PELAKSANAAN
PERINTAH GAJI MINIMUM 2012

PENDAHULUAN
•Garis Panduan ini disediakan oleh
MPGN yang mempunyai kuasa untuk melakukan segala yang suaimanfaat atau semunasabahnya perlu bagi atau bersampingan dengan pelaksanaan fungsinya sebagaimana yang diperuntukkan seksyen 4 (2) Akta
732.
•Tertakluk kepada PERUNDINGAN yang diperuntukkan di perenggan 6 Perintah Gaji Minimum 2012, pihakpihak boleh merujuk kepada Garis Panduan ini dalam melaksanakan Perintah Gaji Minimum.
26

GM KADAR HARIAN
1. GM pekerja sepenuh masa bergaji harian: Tidak kurang RM900 sebulan dengan syarat hadir bekerja pada hari-hari biasa (termasuk cuti tahunan dan cuti sakit) yang ditetapkan tanpa mengira jumlah jam bekerja.
 Formula pengiraan:
Kadar Gaji Harian = Kadar GM Bulanan x 12 bulan
52 minggu x Bil. Hari bekerja dalam seminggu

*
27

Nota: pengiraan adalah berdasarkan jumlah jam bekerja iaitu maksimum 48 jam seminggu

GM KADAR HARIAN

• Kadar GM harian adalah seperti berikut:
Bil. Hari Bekerja Dalam
Seminggu
6

RM34.62

5

RM41.54

4

28

Kadar GM Harian

RM51.92

GM KADAR IKUT KERJA

2. GM pekerja yang dibayar gaji secara piece-rated, tonnage, trip atau komisyen :


Jika gaji yang dibayar adalah RM900, maka GM dianggap telah dipatuhi.



29

Jika gaji sedia ada dibayar melebihi GM, maka GM
RM900 sebulan dianggap telah dipatuhi;

Jika gaji dibayar kurang daripada GM, majikan hendaklah menambah apa jua yang kurang untuk memenuhi GM.

KAEDAH PENSTRUKTURAN SEMULA GAJI
Berpandukan asas-asas berikut dan perenggan 6 Perintah:
• proses penstrukturan semula dilakukan HANYA SEKALI
SAHAJA iaitu SEBELUM PERINTAH INI MULA
BERKUAT KUASA dan bukannya suatu proses yang berterusan selepas tarikh kuat kuasa Perintah;
•penstrukturan semula gaji hanya melibatkan bayaranbayaran tunai sebagaimana dalam takrifan “gaji” di bawah seksyen 2 Akta Kerja 1955, Ordinan Buruh Sabah [Bab 67] atau Ordinan Buruh Sarawak [Bab 76];
•apa-apa bayaran bukan gaji yang dikecualikan dalam takrifan “gaji” di bawah seksyen 2 Akta Kerja 1955, Ordinan
Buruh Sabah [Bab 67] atau Ordinan Buruh Sarawak [Bab 76] tidak boleh distrukturkan semula sebagai gaji minimum
30
dalam penstrukturan semula gaji.

samb
• elaun-elaun yang dibayar secara spesifik berdasarkan keadaan pekerjaan (nature of work) seperti elaun panas, elaun habuk, elaun bising, elaun berdiri dan seumpamanya yang diberikan kepada golongan pekerja tertentu TIDAK
WAJAR untuk distrukturkan semula;
• bagi sektor perhotelan di mana kutipan caj perkhidmatan dilaksanakan, kesemua atau sebahagian kutipan caj perkhidmatan itu boleh diubah untuk dikira sebagai GM;
• bagi sektor perladangan di mana Bayaran Saguhati Khas
(Special
Gratuitious
Payment)
sebanyak
RM200
dilaksanakan, kesemua atau sebahagian daripada bayaran tersebut boleh diubah sebagai GM;
31

samb
•bagi sektor pengawal keselamatan di mana insentif keselamatan dibayar kepada pekerja seperti dalam
Perintah Majlis Penetapan Gaji (Perintah Peraturan
Gaji)(Saraan
Minimum
Berkanun
Pengawal
Keselamatan Swasta) 2011, ia boleh diubah untuk dikira sebagai GM;
•elaun rumah boleh diubah untuk dikira sebagai GM dengan syarat elaun tersebut bukan bersifat gantian kepada nilai kemudahan tetapi bayaran tunai yang diberikan oleh majikan berdasarkan kepada kontrak perkhidmatan; 32

CONTOH ELAUN YANG DIBAYAR TUNAI:1.
2.
3.
4.
5
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
33

15.
16.

Kedatangan
Makan
Syif
Keselamatan (Bayaran insentif keselamatan) (seperti perintah)
Pos berkawal di pedalaman
Rumah (contractual) (not in lieu of housing) (jika rumah tidak disediakan) Panas
Saguhati (pekerja ladang)
Service point
Habuk/Bising
Kemahiran (position elaun)
Khas
Tanggungjawab (Profesional/pengurusan)
Berdiri (Kilang)
Penerbangan (pramugara/pramugari)
Tugas tambahan

samb

•proses penstrukturan semula itu hendaklah tidak akan mengurangkan jumlah keseluruhan gaji yang diterima sebelum penstrukturan semula.

34

PENSTRUKTURAN GM DAN ELAUN

35

FORMULA GM
=
ESP2
=
GM
=
GP
=
ESP1
=
ESP2
=

GP + (GM – GP)
ESP1 – (GM – GP)
Gaji Minimum
Gaji Pokok
Elaun Sebelum Perintah
Elaun Selepas Perintah

samb Ilustrasi 5 Bagi pekerja yang bergaji pokok sebanyak RM625 dan dibayar elaun tunai sebanyak RM275, majikannya boleh mengubah bayaran elaun tunai itu untuk dijadikan sebahagian daripada GM.
Gaji semasa
RM625 (GP)

Gaji selepas Perintah
RM625+(RM900-RM625)
= RM900 (GM)

RM275 (elaun)

Jumlah=RM900
36

RM275 – (RM900-RM625) = RM0 (elaun)

Jumlah = RM900

samb Ilustrasi 6
Bagi pekerja yang bergaji pokok sebanyak RM650 dan dibayar elaun tunai A sebanyak RM200 dan juga lain-lain bayaran elaun tunai B sebanyak RM21,
C sebanyak RM53 dan D sebanyak RM42 yang berdasarkan kepada produktiviti dan prestasi, majikannya boleh mengubah bayaran elaun tunai tetap A dan sebahagian daripada bayaran elaun tunai B,C atau D sebagai gaji minimum. Sebahagian bayaran elaun tunai B,C atau D yang tidak dijadikan gaji minimum hendaklah dikekalkan sebagai elaun tunai.
Gaji semasa
RM650 (gaji pokok)
RM200 (elaun A)
RM21 (elaun B)
RM53 (elaun C)
RM42 (elaun D)

Jumlah = RM966
37

Gaji selepas Perintah
RM650+(RM900-RM650) = RM900 (GM)
RM200 (elaun A) boleh diubah
RM21 (elaun B) menjadi RM53 (elaun C) sebahagian GM
RM42 (elaun D)
(RM200 + RM21 + RM53 + RM42) – (RM900
–RM650) = RM316 – RM250
Jumlah = RM966

ILUSTRASI AM 1
Sebelum Penstrukturan

Selepas Penstrukturan

GP

RM 550.00

GP (lama)

RM 550.00

Elaun Kedatangan

RM 150.00

Elaun Kedatangan

RM 150.00

Elaun Makan

RM 150.00

Elaun Makan

RM 150.00

Perlu ditambah

RM 50.00

*Gaji minimum seperti yang dinyata RM 900.00 dalam Perintah
Elaun Perjalanan

RM 100.00

Elaun perjalanan

RM 100.00

Jumlah

RM 950.00

Jumlah

RM1000.00

ILUSTRASI AM 2
Sebelum Penstrukturan

Selepas Penstrukturan

GP

RM 650.00

GP

RM 650.00

Elaun Kedatangan

RM 150.00

Elaun Kedatangan

RM 150.00

Elaun Makan

RM 150.00

Sebahagian Elaun Makan

RM 100.00

*Gaji seperti dinyata dalam Perintah

RM 900.00

Baki sebahagian Elaun Makan

RM 50.00

Elaun Perjalanan

RM 100.00

Elaun Perjalanan

RM 100.00

Jumlah

RM1050.00

Jumlah

RM1050.00

KESALAHAN DAN PENALTI
Penalti bagi kesalahan Pertama

Denda tidak lebih RM10,000 bagi setiap pekerja .
Mahkamah boleh mengarahkan majikan membayar perbezaan antara kadar gaji minimum dengan gaji pokok dan bayaran lain.

Penalti am

Denda tidak lebih RM10,000 bagi setiap kesalahan di mana penalti khusus tidak dinyatakan

Penalti bagi kesalahan berterusan

RM1,000 bagi setiap hari kesalahan itu berterusan selepas sabitan

Penalti bagi kesalahan berulang

RM20,000 atau penjara tidak melebihi 5 tahun

PERMOHONAN PENUNDAAN TARIKH KUATKUASA

• Mana-mana orang atau golongan orang boleh memohon. • Permohonan hendaklah:
• mengandungi alasan dan justifikasi yang kukuh • sampai kepada Urus Setia MPGN
• sebelum 2.10.2012 (bagi majikan yang tarikh kuat kuasa perintah pada 1.1.2013)
• sebelum 2.4.2013 (bagi majikan yang tarikh kuat kuasa Perintah pada 1.7.2013)
41

samb
• Dokumen untuk permohonan penundaan :
• Borang Maklumat Syarikat daripada SSM
• Laporan Kewangan yang telah diaudit bagi 3 tahun terakhir • Maklumat bil. pekerja tempatan dan pekerja asing secara berasingan beserta gaji bagi bulan terakhir

• Berdasarkan seksyen 21, 22 & 23 Akta 732, permohonan tersebut hendaklah dinilai dan ditimbang oleh MPGN sebelum diperakukan kepada Kerajaan untuk keputusan dan disusuli dengan pewartaan.
42

samb

• secara bertulis sama ada melalui surat atau email dialamatkan kepada :
Setiausaha
Majlis Perundingan Gaji Negara
Kementerian Sumber Manusia
Aras 7, Blok D3, Kompleks D
Pusat Pentadbiran Kerajaan Persekutuan
62530 PUTRAJAYA
No. Tel: 03-8886 5156/ 5162
Faks: 03-8889 2377
Email: mpgn@mohr.gov.my

• Permohonan yang diterima selepas tarikh-tarikh tersebut TIDAK akan dipertimbangkan.
43

RINGKASAN
Gaji pokok dipersetujui dalam Kontrak Perkhidmatan

Kurang daripada kadar GM yang dinyatakan dalam
Perintah

Digantikan dengan kadar-kadar tidak kurang daripada GM yang dinyatakan dalam Perintah

Lebih daripada kadar GM yang dinyatakan dalam
Perintah

Kadar gaji tidak boleh dikurangkan lebih rendah daripada kadar yang telah dipersetujui dalam Kontak Perkhidmatan

MOVING FORWARD

• ‘Semangat menang-menang’ harus diamalkan.
• GM adalah perkara baru bagi Malaysia. Dalam pelaksanaan tersebut, semua majikan dan pekerja haruslah bersikap terbuka dan bersamasama menangani sebarang masalah yang timbul. • Segala maklumbalas akan dikaji secara mendalam bagi menambahbaik undang-undang
GM.
45

SEKIAN,
TERIMA KASIH

46

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...A huge controversy in the economics world in 2012 has been a possible raise of the minimum wage from $7.25 to $9.00. Many supporters of this increase believe that a $9.00 minimum wage would enable many adults to make enough money to live off for a year. This wage increase would give low-income families a chance to make more money to support themselves and their families. Following this, supporters say these so called “low-income” families would spend more, thus resulting in an increased flow of money in the economy. However, what these supporters do not see is, many of these families will go to large department stores or super stores to make their purchases. With these large stores getting all the money many small businesses will be forced to close their doors. In addition to small businesses losing these customers, employers will be faced with another tough decision. In many small businesses employees are paid based on their skill, position, or time of employment. Many of these workers are paid the minimum wage because employers of a small business are unable to pay them any higher in order to keep their store or shop open. So what happens? Employees that currently being paid $7.25 will now be paid $9.00 and those higher level employees being paid $9.00 would be also given an approximant pay raise to $11.00 per hour. Now, how does this hurt small business owners? Here is a possible scenario. Max is the owner of a small sports shop in Waverly that has been open for ten years...

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Minimum Wage

...Minimum Wage: A Historical Perspective and its’ Future On June 18th, 2004, Senator Kerry announced his minimum wage plan, saying, “I’m running for President to build a stronger economy that lifts up families and expands opportunity for hardworking Americans. Today, there are workers, many of them women, struggling to get by on the minimum wage. That is wrong. We can do better. And together, we are going to change it. I want to build an America where working families can get ahead, where a family working fulltime does not have to raise their children in poverty.” (Burkhauser 1) Classical economists have proven for years that floors and ceilings on prices are bad for economies. So why do politicians, who call themselves progressive, continue to beat the drum of creating a living wage? The reason; to get more votes. A wage floor is strictly a political issue disguised as a social problem needed to help the poor. Raising the minimum wage has taken on a fever pitch in Congress this year, regardless of the fact that there is not a widely accepted empirical economic study suggesting it is the correct policy to assist the working poor. This paper consists of research conducted by the author from both the government activist and laissez-faire positions. In addition to the list of works cited at the end of this paper, several public policy institute web site were reviewed for pertinent material. These sites include: the Heritage Foundation...

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Minimum Wage

...RAISE THE MINIMUM WAGE TO $14 AN HOUR USING THIS ONE WEIRD TRICK! February 26, 2014 Share on facebook Share on twitter Share on email Share on print More Sharing Services 1.1K Democrats believe they've hit on the perfect issue to distract from the horror of Obamacare in the 2014 elections: the minimum wage. Apparently, increasing the minimum wage was not important for American workers during the first five years of Obama's presidency -- least of all his first two years, when Democrats controlled Congress and could have passed anything. (And did!) No. The minimum wage did not become a pressing concern until an election year in which the public's hatred of Obamacare is expected to be the central issue. As The New York Times explained, Democrats see the minimum wage as an issue that "will place Republican candidates in a difficult position," and also as a tool "to enlarge the electorate in a nonpresidential election, when turnout among minorities and youths typically drops off." (Unlike Republicans, Democrats consider it important to win elections.) To most people, it seems as if the Democrats are giving workers something for nothing. But there are always tradeoffs. No serious economist denies that increasing the minimum wage will cost jobs. If it's not worth paying someone $10 an hour to do something, the job will be eliminated -- or it simply won't be created. The minimum wage is the perfect Democratic issue. It will screw the very people it claims to help, while making...

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Minimum Wage

...Outline I. Introduction II. Minimum Wage Defined a. Past Minimum Wage Law b. Considerations III. Increased Minimum Wage and Employment c. Job Losses d. Unskilled Workers IV. Increased Minimum Wage and Poverty V. Increased Minimum Wage and Effects for Society e. Costs of Labor f. Higher Prices g. Individual Impacts VI. Constitutionalism h. Previous Court Rulings i. Free Contract VII. Demotivation Factors j. Education k. Promotions VIII. Minimum Wage Redundancy IX. Conclusion The issue of raising the minimum wage is a highly debated topic. This topic is one that appeals to people from all walks of life. During some time in an individual’s life, he has worked for minimum wage. There will always be the worker who feels he is not paid enough and the boss who feels that the worker’s pay is adequate for the work. “If there were only two economists left in the world, they would disagree about the minimum wage” (Mejeur 14). Minimum wage is basically the minimal amount that an employer can legally pay an employee for work on an hourly basis. Past laws governed that the minimum wage would increase every few years, with the last increase being in 2009 for $7.25 per hour (Funk & Wagnalls 1). Many people feel an increase is long overdue. Those people, however, are not looking at the entire picture. Increasing the minimum wage goes beyond simply giving people more money...

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Minimum Wages

...“The most important problem that we are facing now” (Christofferson, 2013). A significant contributing factor to this is the stagnant minimum wage. Raising the minimum wage will not only decrease income inequality, but also raise millions out of poverty, spur consumer spending, and ultimately lead to a more efficient workplace and workforce. Therefore, America needs to adopt one of the currently proposed $10.00+ minimum wage policies being discussed in the political arena and ensure it is being used in a responsible way to fight these problems. The federal minimum wage has went without a change for nearly a decade twice, from 1981 to 1990 and 1997 to 2007. There have been many more multi-year gaps as well (Federal, n.d.) As a result, the minimum wage has not kept pace with inflation over the last 40 years. The purchasing power of the $7.25 minimum wage set in 2009 has already dropped by 5.8% by 2013 (DeSilver, 2013). Since 1968 the power of the minimum wage is down 23% after adjusting for inflation (Boushey, 2014). There is, however, another way of weighing the minimum wage instead of just against inflation. In 1968 the minimum wage was 53% of the average wage for hourly lower level employees, compared to 2013 when it had fallen to 36% as much (Boushey, 2014). This measurement shows that the people making the minimum wage today are not only falling behind their own historic levels, but also behind the workforce as a whole. This is a significant factor in...

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Minimum Wage

...Minimum wage is defined as the lowest possible income that an employer can legally pay an employee. This ensures that all people are fairly paid and not defrauded by companies or businesses. Minimum wage is now a staple in 90 percent of countries in the world (Minimum). Even with these minimums, a person’s lifestyle is hard to maintain. Sustainability, in my opinion, is the ability to keep or maintain a certain amount of physical or mental property. In this light of sustainability, minimum wage is not a sustainable amount of money in which to survive with a basic quality of life. There are many supporters and objectors to the minimum wage debate. Supporters say that increasing minimum wage increases the workers earning power and wages. Objectors say that increasing minimum wage only leads to unemployment due to small companies’ inability to pay workers. Also the increased inflation rate of goods only hurts the economy, which leads to many jobs being lost, mainly the jobs held by minimum wage patrons. Although this is a heated debate there is one thing to which both sides agree; something needs to be implemented so that workers are not exploited by businesses. Economists are exploring the viability of minimum wage, the standard minimum wage payments, and if there is anything we can do to keep the world on an equal playing field. There are many thoughts and opinions on minimum wage. Minimum wage was put into practice to keep businesses from taking advantage of the “small people...

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Minimum Wage

...A bid to raise the country's minimum wage has failed. A Private Member's Bill from Labour MP David Clark was defeated 61 votes to 59 at its first reading in Parliament last night. This decision has some reasonable arguments. As we know sharp increase in minimum wage can be effect of increase unemployment in the country,cause an inflation and black market, though increase in minimum wage means increase level of economy in country. Obviously, the main reason that government did not increase minimum wage is a fear of increasing unemployment. It is an reasonable argument, because the demand of work places will increase Q3 (if the minimum wage rate will increase), but not all employers can pay more then equilibrium wage rate(Q2- the amount of employers which would pay new wage rate)and they will reduce the amount of employees, that will be the reason of unemployment. We can see this situation on the graph below. min wage W1 is the equilibrium wage rate in New Zealand, which is now less 13.75, because it is still unemployment, which is 6.9 %. Q3-Q2 - people who lost their jobs. Also sharp increase in minimum wage can cause inflation, because firm's revenue will be less if they will pay more to workers and they will increase their prices to stabilize their revenue. Another disadvantage is that increase in minimum wage can be reason of increasing black market labor, more people work in black market and firms can avoid to pay legal minimum. This will effect New Zealand economy badly...

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Minimum Wages

... higher the wages will be. On the other hand, the supply of labour market is highly competitive that every household is the supplier of labour (Wall, 1995). Free and pliable labour market is self-regulating; the price of wages alter automatically to bring the market to equilibrium (Abbott, 2013). The Bertrand competition assumes that even in a market of two supplier, both assumes the other supplier will remain prices unchanged (Dufwenberg, Gneezy, Goeree, Nagel, 2007). In order to gain maximum benefits from the market, one has the incentive to cut price which leads to a price war. Minimum wage has been introduced as a floor price to deviate from the equilibrium to prevent competition and to increases the total income of a worker. Hence, increases household income and decrease welfare and assistance cost for the government (Root, 2014). Besides that, the introduction of this legislation can increase human capital accumulation; a low demand for unskilled labour, induced by a minimum wage, may encourage workers to accumulate human capital (Cahuc, Michel, 1996). However, surveys have been taken and shown that the majority agreed minimum wage creates unemployment within young, unexperienced or unskilled labour (Summer, 1991). High unemployment rate among teenagers, might have keep teenagers in school and not to join the work force in an early age, but this will not help increase in the total of household income for families with dependents. When the minimum wage is set by law...

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...Minimum Wage This assignment is to address the minimum wage within the market structure and maximizing profits. The market structures are competitive market, monopoly, and oligopoly. Minimum wage had been established to protect the work force from employers paying them low wages and to allow the employees to maintain a minimum living standard to protect against poverty. The United States Federal Governments current minimum wage is $7.25 an hour. Many states use this figure or increase the wage due to their cost living. California has increased theirs to $8.00 an hour. The cost of living is high in California and businesses have higher expenses compared to some other states. Many individuals have moved out of California because they cannot afford to live here. The minimum wage is still too low for one to maintain a normal living standard. They are unable to keep a roof over their head and food on the table. When there is an increase in the minimum wage the employees rejoice but the companies that have to pay it are not as happy. This increase is an added expense and the companies need to decide how the cost will be recouped. They will either pass on to the consumers by increasing the sell price of the goods to be sold or they will cut the difference in wage increase from another area. Companies will look at reducing their work force which may reduce the amount of production and/or the customer service the buyer would receive. Those with fewer skills and with less experience...

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...Garza Professor Owen Composition 1301.12 7 March 2014 TTRO#3 Topic: How have computers changed our cinema? Thesis: Over the years technology has majorly advanced in various aspects; one of these wonderful advances has been within the cinema industry. Source that I found for this topic: http://thecreatorsproject.vice.com/blog/9-mind-blowing-technologies-changing-the-film-industry%E2%80%99s-future--2 This article explains the growth of the movie industry and how clear it’s adapting, shifting towards two polar points; higher-quality and sensorial experiences in the theater. According to the article in late 2013 better and brighter IMAX movies, thanks to lasers and other features such as 3D, movie projections and audio enhancements. Source found for my second topic: http://www.smh.com.au/digital-life/computers/blog/gadgets-on-the-go/why-do-movies-look-so-fake-on-my-new-hdtv-20130710-2ppd2.html This article talks about the new look in cinema how “Everything looks a little too crisp and real, to the point where foreground objects can stand out as if they’re not really part of the scene”. The issue is known as “soap opera” effect, because it makes grand-looking Hollywood movies appear as if they were shot on video tape like a budget soap opera. Everything looks to crisp and real, to the point where foreground objects can stand out as if they’re not really part of the scene were added later using CGI trickery. Outline essay #3 Intro- theses: With advancing...

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...Abolish or Sustain? The Minimum Wage Debate Sarah Campbell May 8, 2013 Abstract In 1938 the Fair Labor Standards Act established a federal minimum wage. Minimum wage has continuously increased throughout the years due to interest rates and the value of a dollar. Since its introduction the minimum wage has risen from 25 cents an hour to 7.25 dollars per hour in 2009. In President Obama’s recent State of the Union Address he states, “Working folks shouldn’t have to wait year after year for the minimum wage to go up while CEO pay has never been higher.” He hopes to raise the minimum wage by 2014 to 9 dollars per hour. Following the President’s support on minimum wage increase Sen. Tom Harkin (Democrat-Iowa) and Rep. George Miller (Democrat-California) formalized a proposal known as S.460, the Fair Minimum Wage Act of 2013 to increase the minimum wage by 2015 to $10.10. This proposal includes increasing the minimum wage (in three incremental increases of $.95) and then indexing it to inflation (“as prices rise, so would the minimum wage” (Cooper, Hall 2013)). Also, the tipped minimum wage (the minimum wage paid to workers who earn a portion of their wages in tips) would be increased in $0.85 increments from its current value of $2.13 per hour, where it has languished since 1991, until it reaches 70 percent of the regular minimum wage (Cooper, Hall 2013). However, in the current tough economic times many people argue that an increased minimum wage will only hurt and that...

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The Rise of Minimum Wage

...Law of Demand is a Bummer” Minimum wage is a political issue that is in constant debate in the United States. People should get paid respectively for their work. It is naïve to believe that a company could make cuts in certain areas of their business to be able to pay their workers more than minimum wage. The article mentions turning down the air conditioning or cutting hours of employees to compensate for a higher pay for workers. However, changing the environment of a business could affect how the customers enjoy the atmosphere and in turn can affect their return. I, for one, would see refuge in a nice, cool coffee shop in the middle of the summer over one that skimped on the AC. Also, I have worked quite a few minimum wage jobs in my life. When I had 3-4 hour shifts as opposed to 6-8, I felt like it was partially a waste of my time. So the cuts that the article mentions could more negatively affect the business than anything else. Increasing minimum wage would also, in turn, increase prices. In my opinion, if a worker wants their hourly wages increased, they should put in an effort to advance their skillset or education. If minimum wage was increased to $15 an hour, that would mean that (potentially) a 16 year old with their first job at Wendy’s would make over $30,000 a year if they were working full time. That is more than I made in my first full time position that was in the field I got my Bachelor’s degree in. To me, raising minimum wage for jobs that do not require...

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...Minimum wage legislation has been a topic of discussion for many years among economists. The first laws were introduced in Australia and New Zealand in order to protect minimum standard living for unskilled workers. At this point more than 90% of all countries have some kind of minimum wage legislation. However there are countries that do not set the minimum wage among those are: Germany, Finland, Iceland, Italy and other counties. Germany is the largest national economy in Europe. According to Central Intelligence Agency GDP of the country in 2011 is $2.94 trillion with real growth rate of 3.5%. Based on Trade Economic data unemployment rate of Germany in October 2011 was 6.5%. Despite the fact the Germany does not have a set minimum wage the average wages in western Germany is 27.9 euro per hour and 17.4 euro per our in Eastern German (source http://export.gov/germany based on data from 03/2011). The wages there are higher than average wages in European Union or worldwide. Of course there are laws of the German Government that regulate dismissal of workers/maternity leave/ vacation/health benefits; but not minimal wages. Minimum wage is set by the Government in order to protect unskilled workers. It provides employees with guaranteed minimum amount of income from their work to survive and pay their bills. It protects mostly adults from loosing their jobs to teenagers or foreigners that are ready to work for less than a minimum wage. However there are...

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