...Do the disadvantages of copper mining outweigh the advantages of the metal to society? Copper is one of the most important, irreplaceable metals implemented in today’s society. It has an atomic number of 29 (29 protons, 29 electrons, 35 neutrons), a relative atomic mass of 63.546 amu (see Figure 1), a melting point of 1084.62°C and an electron configuration of [Ar] 3d10 4s1 (see Figure 2). Copper is a tough, ductile, malleable metal that possesses extremely high thermal and electrical conductivity. The fundamental reason why copper can so effectively conduct electricity is due to it’s delocalised electrons. Electrical conduction is caused by valence electrons breaking free of their atoms and moving around, and copper only has one delocalised...
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...coal or natural gas, 2) hydroelectric dams, and 3) nuclear power. The undeveloped potential of each of these power methods is restricted by either the associated environmental impact or by the limits of the resource itself. Current methods of power production are in need of supplementation. An ideal source would be renewable and have minimal environmental impact. This paper presents one such method.1.3 Overview and Scope < A href="http://ljb.advertserve.com/servlet/click/zone?zid=29&pid=2&lookup=true&position=1" target="_top">< IMG src="http://ljb.advertserve.com/servlet/view/banner/image/zone?zid=29&pid=2&position=1" height="240" width="120" hspace="0" vspace="0" border="0" alt="Click Here!">< /A> | The paper begins with the background and description of the proposed power source, its advantages, and a tabular outline of three example sites. Concerns for each component of the system are briefly considered. The paper ends with a proposal for further research and a summarization.Due to the hazards of open-pit mining operations, building a Pit Power Tower in an active mining pit is not considered. Unfortunately, data concerning the water fill-rate and infrastructure of the Chuquicamata and Palabora mines was unavailable at the time of this writing. A geo-thermal component to the PPT is suggested, but not considered...
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...mineral resources include chromite, dolomite, zinc, limestone, gypsum, silica, copper, gold, cobalt and iron, to name but a few. Several industries have grown up around them as part of the national development process which, in turn, have boosted the minerals sector’s contribution to the nation’s GDP as well as providing jobs for Omanis. Picture illustrate : 1) Chalcedony 2) Massive chalcopyrite 3) Marblized calacite 4) Albite feldspar 5) Specular hematite 6) Pyrite crystals Copper has been mined in Oman for thousands of years. The mineral sector’s operations include mining and quarrying. Several projects have recently been completed including: an economic feasibility study on silica ore in Wadi Buwa and Abutan in the Wusta Region, which confirmed that there were exploitable reserves of around 28 million tonnes at the two sites; a feasibility study on the production of magnesium metal from dolomite ore; a draft study on processing limestone derivatives; a project to produce geological maps of the Sharqiyah Region (Ibra); economic feasibility studies on the exploitation of gold and copper ores in the Ghaizeen area; a study on raw materials in the wilayats of Duqm and Sur for use in the Sultanate’s cement industry; and a study on the construction of a new minerals laboratory in Ghala in the Governorate of Muscat The sultanate produces copper, chromite, gold, and silver. Oman's main copper reserves are in the Suhar area on the Al Batinah coast. The processing of ore...
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...of Metals and Mining Companies Author: Svetlana Baurens E-Mail: baurens@basinvest.ch Date: 7.11.2010 In collaboration with the University of Zürich, Swiss Banking Institute and Prof. Dr. T. Hens Contents 1. Introduction ...............................................................................................................7 1.1. Motivation .......................................................................................................7 1.2. Structure ..........................................................................................................7 1.3. Definition of terms .........................................................................................8 2. Valuation models in mining and metals industry ................................................12 2.1. Special features of metals and mining companies ........................................12 2.2. Classification of valuation models ................................................................15 2.3. Resource & Reserve .....................................................................................17 3. Valuation of Explorations properties ...................................................................20 3.1. Appraised Value Method (Cost Approach) ...................................................23 3.2. Comparable Transactions (Market Approach) ..............................................24 4. Cycle importance in valuation of metals and mining companies .....
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...---- 7 6. Future Outlook--------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 8 7. References-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 10 Company Profile Teck Resources Limited, formerly known as Teck Cominco Limited, was formed in 2001 following the merger of Cominco and Teck Corporation. It is a Canadian based integrated mining, mineral processing and metallurgical company. Seven years ago in 2001(1) when the Teck Cominco merger was completed, two strong Canadian companies with a tradition of excellence in mining and metal refining were brought together. In October of 2008 (1), the management of the company announced the launch of a simplified brand name, Teck, and the formation of five business units specializing in copper, metallurgical coal, zinc, gold and energy. The company has expertise across the full range of activities related to mining, including exploration, development, smelting, refining, safety, environmental protection, product stewardship, recycling and research. Presently they are actively exploring in countries throughout the Americas, Asia Pacific, Europe and Africa. The company’s product portfolio comprises of...
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...Research on the Chilean Mine Collapse of 2010 This paper researches four news articles that reported on the Chilean mine collapse that occurred on 5 August, 2010. The focus will be on the communications of the collapse regarding audience. The paper will discuss the potential needs of the families of the miners in receiving a message about this incident and the potential needs of the company’s employees when receiving a message about this incident. Finally the question “What actions must you take before and after the message is delivered to ensure that it was received as intended?” will be answered. There are various similarities within all four articles. First, no one knows exactly if the men trapped below were able to make to an emergency shelter in the mine where there was three to four days of emergency rations stored. All reports do concur to the fact that drilling back down to rescue the miners will be difficult and will take some time. However, once news of the collapse spread through the local community and finally to the world, the families of those men trapped were angry and frustrated with the lack of news. The families’ of the miners require some type of feedback on their current status and that everything possible is being done to assist them. The biggest drawback is being trapped that far below, the mining company and rescue teams did not have answers for those families. Turning to the employees, whether they are working in another mine or part of the...
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...rInvestors approve Sesa, Sterlite mergeNew natural resources giant is formed with Rs 1,24,000-crore market cap BS Reporter / Mumbai Jun 26, 2012, 00:23 IST Four years after investors shot down restructuring of Vedanta Resources Plc, Anil Agarwal, executive chairman of the Vedanta Group, is second time lucky, as he has managed to convince shareholders to approve the merger of Sesa Goa Ltd and Sterlite Industries India Ltd, two group companies. The new entity, Sesa-Sterlite, with a market capitalisation of Rs 1,24,000 crore, will be in top 10 Indian companies. | | | | | In a court-convened meeting on June 19, the shareholders of Sesa Goa voted in favour of the merger of the two companies. In an announcement to the stock exchanges on Monday, Sesa Goa said the shareholders had given their nod to the merger. “Of the members present and validly voting, 91.7 per cent in numbers representing 79.12 per cent of votes in value voted in favour of the resolution approving the scheme.” REATING A GIANT Vedanta said it is simplifying its business by merging its Indian subsidiaries | How the Sesa-Sterlite merged entity stacks up among India’s largest companies | Companies | M-Cap (in Rs crore) | TCS | 2,37,927.02 | Reliance Ind | 2,34,273.32 | ONGC | 2,33,521.83 | Coal India | 2,12,735.00 | ITC | 1,95,499.09 | SBI | 1,41,918.25 | Infosys | 1,41,742.53 | HDFC Bank | 1,26,455.22 | NTPC | 1,25,578.36 | Sesa-Sterlite* | 1,24,000.00 | Bharti Airtel...
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...From Compliance to Practice Mining Companies and the Voluntary Principles on Security and Human Rights in the Democratic Republic of Congo Tanja A. Börzel/Jana Hönke SFB-Governance Working Paper Series 25 • October 2011 DFG Sonderforschungsbereich 700 Governance in Räumen begrenzter Staatlichkeit - Neue Formen des Regierens? DFG Research Center (SFB) 700 Governance in Areas of Limited Statehood - New Modes of Governance? SFB-Governance Working Paper Series Edited by the Research Center (SFB) 700 „Governance In Areas of Limited Statehood - New Modes of Governance?“ The SFB-Governance Working Paper Series serves to disseminate the research results of work in progress prior to publication to encourage the exchange of ideas and academic debate. Inclusion of a paper in the Working Paper Series should not limit publication in any other venue. Copyright remains with the authors. Copyright for this issue: Tanja A. Börzel/Jana Hönke Editorial assistance and production: Tanja Kilper/Sara Gebh/Anna Jüschke All SFB-Governance Working Papers can be downloaded free of charge from our website www.sfb-governance.de/en/ publikationen or ordered in print via e-mail to sfb700@zedat.fu-berlin.de. Börzel, Tanja A./ Hönke, Jana 2011: From Compliance to Practice. Mining Companies and the Voluntary Principles on Security and Human Rights in the Democratic Republic of Congo, SFB-Governance Working Paper Series, No. 25, Research Center (SFB) 700, Berlin, October 2011. ISSN 1864-1024 (Internet)...
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...wanted us to bend over he'd put diamonds on the floor Joan Rivers Contents Acknowledgements 3 Executive summary 7 I Introduction 10 Ground for discussion 10 Objectives 10 Methodology 11 II Literature review and hypothesis development 12 Overview 12 Introduction 12 History of diamonds 12 Industry structure 13 DeBeers cartel 15 Diamond valuation 16 Diamond valuation process 16 Determinants of diamond prices 18 Diamond as an investment 19 Types of investment 19 Problems associated with investing in diamonds 20 Benefits associated with investing in diamonds 20 Alternatives to investing in diamonds 23 Hypothesis development 25 III Methodology 26 Data collection 26 Primary research 26 Secondary research 27 Methodology 28 Descriptive statistics 28 Regression analysis 28 Variables 29 Limitations and assumptions 30 IV Analysis and results 32 Interview results 32 Summary statistics 36 Explanation of variables 36 Descriptive statistics 38 Correlation 44 Regression analysis 46 V Conclusions and recommendations 49 References 52 Appendix 56...
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...Abstract: An ongoing project for reconstructing the behavior of the geomagnetic field intensity during the last seven millennia has yielded several new dates for archaeometallurgical sites in the Southern Levant. These dates shed new light on the dawn of metallurgy in the region as well as on the quality of technological development and its relation to social and political structures. This paper introduces the methodology and concepts behind the archaeomagnetic project as well as the principles of the applied dating technique. In addition, the paper presents the archaeomagnetic results, discusses the alternative dating of several archaeometallurgical sites and explores the implication of these results on our understanding of the interaction between technology and society in the past. For the latter, the results particularly challenge the "Standard View of Technology" (Pfaffenberger, 1992), and suggest a complex, nonlinear evolution of copper industry in the Southern Levant eScholarship provides open access, scholarly publishing services to the University of California and delivers a dynamic research platform to scholars worldwide. UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN DIEGO Technology and Society: Some Insights on the Development of Metallurgy in the Southern Levant in the Light of New Dates of Slag Deposits A Thesis submitted in partial satisfaction of the requirements for the degree Master of Arts in Anthropology by Erez Ben-Yosef...
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...Research paper Macroeconomics BBA2 Economy of Chile Group 10 Nazirabonu Alimardonova Krista Rebecca Bradshaw Romans Opengeims Vladislav Matievsky Edgars Butramjevs Contents Trend Comparison of Indicators - Chile 3 Chile Unemployment 3 Chile Inflation Rate 4 Export, Import and Balance of Trade 4 Government Budget Indicators and Government Debt to GDP 5 CPI and PPI 6 Specifics of the Country 7 Misbalance in the Economy 7 The Crisis of 1982 8 Investing in Chile 8 Future Economic Development 9 Trend Comparison of Indicators - Chile Chile is one of Latin America´s fastest growing economies, mostly due to rise in exports. Big chunk of Chile`s GDP contributes to mining (copper and other materials) 15.2% which is increasing with every year, thus; increasing the GDP. Second largest GDP by sector is business services which make 13% followed by manufacturing industries 11%. Values in Real GDP chart are adjusted for inflation and because of that, its Real GDP will appear lower as Nominal GDP. During the period from 1998 to 2005, Real GDP is higher than Nominal GDP which is an indicator of deflation. During 1999, Chile, like most of Latin America, faced a one-year downturn. Its domestic economy underwent a minor recession due to negative impact of the Asian crisis which triggered the crisis in Chile’s private sectors. This downside is reflected in the Nominal GDP. Another downfall of both Nominal and Real GDP...
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...MINING I INTRODUCTION Brief Historical Background Digging deep into history, mining in the Philippines is one of the oldest industries in the country. Gold mining in Luzon started even in the 3rd century as reported by the Chinese merchants. Before the advent of the Spanish rule, metals—primarily gold—played an important role in shaping traditions and rituals, in indigenizing certain features of Filipino beliefs, and in developing patterns of wealth, power and authority during the period. The spirit of Spanish expansionism was at its crest when it reached the Philippines in the second half of the sixteenth century. The archipelago became the base of further efforts to conquer and evangelize new areas and design new trade routes in search primarily of spices but also of gold and other precious merchandise. The Spaniards failed to develop mining in the country, but left behind one of the basic building blocks of the present-day mining laws–the Regalian Doctrine. In essence, the Regalian Doctrine stipulates that all minerals and substances underneath all lands, public or private belong to the state. In effect, the law rests on the principle of eminent domain which reserves to the state the right to develop the mines on its own initiative or through private concessions. With the Americans, mining industries accelerated as the country’s economy strengthened its links to the needs of the industrialized countries like the US. The growth of the mining industry in the Philippines...
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...zinc in China Guo Xueyi ∗ , Zhong Juya, Song Yu, Tian Qinghua School of Metallurgical Science & Engineering, Central South University, South Street of Yuelu, 932, Changsha, Hunan 410083, China article info Article history: Received 16 January 2009 Received in revised form 23 July 2009 Accepted 26 July 2009 Available online 28 August 2009 Keywords: Zinc Substance flow analysis “STAF” model Life cycle Resource recycling abstract A material stock and flow (STAF) model was constructed to track the pathway of zinc in China, 2006, for the study of the industrial metabolism of a certain metal within a regional level. The primary flows of zinc include production, fabrication and manufacturing, use, and waste management. This paper traces the major flows of zinc from ore, to product, to potential secondary resource as it moves through the China’s economy over 1 year, and inventory data, and mass balance equations were used to determine the quantity of flows. The domestic ore produced was 3248.3 Gg and output of refined lead ingot was 3162.7 Gg in 2006. It was calculated that, in the production and manufacture and fabrication stage, the self-supply efficiency of zinc raw materials in 2006 is 87.58% and 94.92%, respectively. The results reveal that China has richer zinc raw resources. But only about 3.68% and 9.06% of the discarded zinc in the two stages were recycled, respectively. While zinc’s residence time can be high for many of its applications in the building...
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...remains the poorest of all four provinces. Apparently a barren province from agriculture point of view is rich in its natural resources. Huge reserves of mineral deposits, gas, oil and long sea shore makes this province extremely attractive at regional as well as at international level. The absence of basic development infrastructure and effective strategy coupled with backwardness, scant population base, rugged terrain exploited by sub nationalist leaders and sardars continue to undermine the progress and socio economic development of the area. Aim To carry out an indepth analysis of vast potential of natural resources in Balochistan with a view to suggesting a pragmatic natural resource development strategy for the province. Scope The paper will be developed in the following sequence:- a. Part I: Balochistan – Some Facts. b. Part II: Natural Resources – Potentials and Constraints. c. Part III: Recommendations. d. Concl. PART I FACTS ABOUT BALOCHISTAN Largest province of Pakistan, stretching over 44 percent of total area of the country. It is the most backward and least developed province with 5.6% of total country's population. The province spreads over an area of about 347,182 square kilometres. It has a population of 6.6 million people. The province has 26 districts and 60 Tehsils. Quetta is the capital of Balochistan. |PROVINCE...
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...The industrial sectors Industrial sector Definition Example PRIMARY definition: The extraction of raw materials from the ground and sea Examples: mining, fishing, oil drill, forestry SECONDARY definition: Processing of raw materials and manufactured goods Examples: metallurgy, machine engineering, electronics TERTIARY Definition: Provision of services. Examples; stores, shops, transport, car hires QUATERNARY Definition: Provision of information and administrative services Examples: leasing, IT, real estates, financial services There are four major types of industry in Canada/USA/Europe. Primary, Secondary, Tertiary and Quaternary. Primary Industries Industries that take in raw materials from the natural environment. Also known as extractive industries. (known as primary because extraction, or removal of natural resources must happen before anything else can be made. Everything comes from the earth) Primary industries in Canada include agriculture, mining, forestry, and fishing. Canada has one of the largest levels of natural products in the world Primary industries are those that harvest or extract raw material from nature, such as agriculture, oil and gas extraction, logging and forestry, mining, fishing, and trapping. Primary industries also create the basic materials for use in other industries, such as growing and harvesting wheat that can then be turned into the bread which you make your toast from every morning, or the raising of sheep for your...
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