...Durham 1 Olivia Durham 4/29/15 CCJ 316 Elena Windsong How has the government changed ever since terrorism attacks have occurred in the United States? The research articles have showed that the country has tightened up their policies, especially since 9/11. For example, Zakheim said “the White House--once known as the "people's house"--faces, no longer open to traffic. ID cards required everywhere. Airline passengers waiting patiently in line to take off their shoes, belts, jewelry--and to have their bags searched and perhaps their bodies as well”(2). Before 9/11 happened there were rules in the white house and everywhere else but the laws and rules weren’t as strict. In the U.S, the government usually doesn’t make a change in rules unless...
Words: 2060 - Pages: 9
...James Janosz Political Science 495 Terrorism December 14th, 2009 The Changing Look of Terrorism The purpose of this paper is to study and look at how terrorism has changed from pre 9/11, to post 9/11, to the current and future times. The United States is currently fighting the war on terror. But who is the enemy to the war? Can terrorism actually be considered an enemy? The answers to these questions are difficult to answer and defend, depending on the circumstances. But the key constant to the question is, there is no internationally agreed definition of terrorism. Common definitions of terrorism refer only to those violent acts which are intended to create fear/terror, are perpetrated for an ideological/political goal, and deliberately target or disregard the safety of civilian targets. The first section of this paper will deal with both views of the changing face of terrorism from pre 9/11, to post 9/11, and to the present day. The next section of this paper will discuss the variables of why terrorism has changed. In conclusion this paper will summarize the study of the changing face in terrorism. Throughout this paper there will be historical facts, evidence, theories, and analysis to support my argument how terrorism has changed over time. The language of terrorism that we, as Americans read it as, on September 11, 2001, two American airplanes flew into the World Trade Center and another into the Pentagon, while yet another suspiciously crashed in a deserted Pennsylvania...
Words: 3370 - Pages: 14
...How has terrorism been redefined since 9/11? There is neither an academic nor an international legal consensus regarding the proper definition of the word "terrorism" however overtime some thinkers have tried to distinguish between ‘old’ and ‘new’ terrorism. This is the basis for the re-think over the term ‘terrorism’. Terrorism has changed significantly since the 1960’s. The rise of religious fundamentalism, the end of the Cold War, the new global banking network and the telecommunications revolution has all changed the motives and techniques of terrorism. Until the 1980’s, terrorism was not seen, as a significant threat to national security, but it was the large nation states such as Russia and china that were seen as the major players in international politics. During the 1990’s, there were signs of development within the terrorists actions and methodology due to the fact that not only were targets becoming more substantial and more noticeable, there techniques were becoming more and more radical. However, it was not until September 11th 2001 that the world finally realized the new threat that terrorists posed. The threat that is posed is not from nation states, but individuals within that state who feel their interests have been ignored. An example that this is true for is not only for Islamic fundamentalists but also for Timothy McVeigh, who was responsible for a truck bomb that killed 168 people in Oklahoma City in 1995. This was an act of terrorism in that he inflicted...
Words: 1080 - Pages: 5
...New Terrorism? Predicting the Future of Terrorism Introduction/ Purpose Terrorism is an often controversial subject. “One man’s freedom fighter is another man’s terrorist.” This is a well known quote that is often used to allude to the complexity of terrorism. Terrorism, the word itself is a word that has possessed over a hundred definitions and a concept that has changed as the societies of the world have progressed. The use of the terms terrorism and terrorist are politically weighted, and are often used for a polarizing effect, where 'terrorism' becomes simply a relativist term for the violence committed by an enemy, from the point of view of the attacked. Because of the political nature of some struggles, 'terrorism' can become identified as simply any violence committed against established institutions. A terrorist is, strictly speaking, one who is personally involved in an act of terrorism. The term "terrorism" comes from the French 18th century word terrorisme (under their government's Reign of Terror), based on the Latin language verbs terrere (to tremble) and deterrere (to frighten from). The use of the term "terrorist" has had broader applications however, ranging in application from disgruntled citizens to common political dissidents. It is important to understand terrorism in our modern arena and under stand its effects on society. ‘Terrorism’, as a unified political and ideological motif did not arise spontaneously in response to particular instances...
Words: 3197 - Pages: 13
...Background Terrorism is a strategy and tactic, a holy duty and a crime, an unacceptable response to oppression and an intolerable abomination. A common definition is that terrorism is an illegal act that affects an audience further than the direct victim. The tactic of terrorists is to perform acts of bloodshed that draw interest of the government, population and the world at large. Terrorists prepare their attack to get the largest publicity, selecting targets that signify what they resist. The success of a terror attack lies, not on the attack, but in the government’s or public’s response to the act (Larry, 2011). There are three views of terrorism; the victim’s, the terrorist’s and the public. The expression “one person’s terrorist is another person’s” freedom fighter’ is perspective terrorists would embrace. Terrorists do not regard themselves as wicked. They consider themselves as fighters, fighting for what they trust in, by any means possible. Victims of terrorist acts view the terrorists as evil with no consideration to human existence. The public’s perspective is the most unbalanced because people view terrorism acts differently. Terrorism is an essential part of mental warfare and requires to be opposed vigorously (Weisburd, 2009). Law makers, scholars and security experts have defined different forms of terrorism. These forms of terrorism vary according to the attack means the attacker uses (for instance biological) or by what they are opposing (eco-terrorism). State...
Words: 2463 - Pages: 10
... | | | |Introduction to Sociology | | | | | |The Industrial Revolution changed |How it changed the economy |1900 and Today | |The number of people employed in industrial |The use of machines began to spread throughout |Implementation of the production line | |manufacturing (textiles, iron goods, metal, |the world | | |pottery, etc.) | | | |number of people who left the agricultural |New job opportunities |Henry Ford automobile production plant | |field | ...
Words: 1152 - Pages: 5
...Terrorism Terrorism: A general definition Terrorism is the deliberate and organized use of violence against the state. The single important objective behind the act of terrorism is to create fear and spread insecurity among citizens of the state. By striking the unarmed and hapless citizens, terrorists aim to disrupt governance. Such attacks show the government in poor light. i.e. as one that cannot guarantee security of life and property, one of the most basic function of the state. In Angels & Demons, Dan Brown writes: “terrorism is not an expression of rage. Terrorism is the political weapon. Remove a government’s façade of infallibility, and you remove its people’s faith”. Types of Terrorism There are three types of terrorism. They are (a) State Sponsored Terrorism. (b) State Terrorism. (c) Organizational Terrorism. (a) State Sponsored Terrorism is always directed against another state, often by proxy, with the aim to destabilize it. A good example to drive home this idea is Pakistan sponsored terrorism against India. (b) State Terrorism is directed against a State’s own citizen. The reason could be numerous, chief among is the tussle between majority and minority group (both demographic and religious). A case in point is the 1994 Rawanda Genocide where majority ethnic Hutu tribe militia butchered nearly 8 lakhs Tutsis in 100 days of carnage. (c) Organizational Terrorism is used by groups to realize divergent aims including political, social, and economic...
Words: 570 - Pages: 3
...In human history, terrorism is widely recognized as the world biggest threat to global peace. It is the cruellest of crimes against humanity. Only in 2013, 9700 terrorist attacks in 93 countries have taken place, where 18000 died and 33000 were injured. 2014 and 2015 showed an exponential growth of terrorism in the Western world. (Ezinearticles.com). Terrorism is not a traditional war between countries but between religions, ideologies, and faith. It is a minority group that tries to grow and gain power to achieve independence, spread religion, and change an existing system. Canada is not immune from terrorism. Terrorists engage in terrorism activities on Canadian soil, or support terrorism beyond Canada’s borders, hostile to Canada’s order,...
Words: 1610 - Pages: 7
...CYBER TERRORISM Table Of Contents Section Page Abstract----------------------------------------------------------3 Introduction-----------------------------------------------------4 Premise----------------------------------------------------------5 Research Methodology----------------------------------------5 Research Results-----------------------------------------------6 Critical Analysis------------------------------------------------9 Conclusion-------------------------------------------------------30 Appendix---------------------------------------------------------31 Bibliography----------------------------------------------------56 Abstract FBI cyber security division computers are hacked into at the same time that known hackers capable of performing this have their computers hacked into and are blown up when they hit certain keys on their computer keyboards. Traffic lights and the transportation systems are then hacked into and total gridlock and chaos ensure. Wall Street is then affected and cyber money is thought to be dwindling away. This is known as a Fire Sale which has 3 steps. In the first step transportation is shut down then finance and finally, in the third step, utilities are affected. As expected, the media broadcast the government’s next move to everyone including the terrorists. As it turns out, the leader of the terrorists is a former DOD software programmer that had warned...
Words: 4562 - Pages: 19
... What Thomas Jefferson was trying to do was to improve foreign relationships and establish a foreign policy. It is necessary to do so when creating a new country. Countries need to create a basis of how they will interact with other countries. Jefferson decided to create a friendly and welcoming policy with other countries. Years later, however,...
Words: 2194 - Pages: 9
...Computers have modernized terrorism in the same way cyber terrorism revolutionized information warfare. There is no distinct definition of Cyber terrorism; however, its threat is as real as waging war but with weapons of automation. Terrorists have begun to exploit the availability of information with the malicious intent to sabotage; conversely, there are those who are not quite sure if information warfare - cyber terrorism is an actual threat. This research paper will briefly explore the history of cyber terrorism, the friend the internet has been to terrorist and how we can make the internet safer through vigilant tactics of prevention and deterrence. It will also expose the truth about cyber terrorism for the skeptic, reasons not to discount the threat, and why it is paramount their mind is changed. Information Warfare-Cyber Terrorism Did you know there were 18 cybercrime victims every second, 1058 every minute, approximately 64,000 per hour, and 1.5 million per day, that affected over 556 million people within the last year (Norton , 2012)? The internet has made it possible for terrorists to gather our public information and use it against us. As the internet matures so does the terrorist, finding ways to cripple and intimidate. The internet and terrorists have become a real hazard to the health of the cyber world. The government has implemented several organizations to help combat cyber terrorism but have not given it a clear concise definition. Skeptics...
Words: 3494 - Pages: 14
...After two bombs exploded near the finish line of the Boston Marathon in 2013, former President Barack Obama stressed the event as an act of terrorism on America (Boston Marathon Terror Attack Fast Facts). The Boston Marathon bombing has played a significant role in reshaping the American views on terrorism. This attack killed three spectators, injured over 260 people, and caused an uprising of several controversies in the United States (History.com Staff). The American views on immigration, gun control, and police actions have been influenced by these bombings. The attack brought up on by the Tsarnaev brothers caused a shift in perspective on immigration. Since the two bombers were recent immigrants, many Republican legislators insisted on...
Words: 782 - Pages: 4
...Introduction Since the birth of this nation, there has been concern for security and freedom of all the citizens of the United States. We have fought wars across our nation, across borders and across the globe, all in the pursuit to protect our freedom and the American way of life. There have been many threats against the American pursuit of freedom that started with the Revolutionary War, a young nation fighting to break away from a nation of strength. Then our battle over land expansion and the taking of the land from the Native Americans, some perceived them as savages or maybe even terrorist. Then we turned to secure our borders to prevent other nations from coming into our nation and grabbing up land. Then our pursuit of freedom expanded the globe and with other nations as we assisted in the attempt to spread democracy in countries struggling to become nations. In this attempt, there have been many enemies formed that despise the US and the pursuit of freedom. This has become a major concern of the US and on September 11, 2001, this concern became a reality. How could something so devastating be carried out against a world-leading nation? What was wrong with the infrastructure and how could it be fixed to prevent other terrorist attacks. The answer was to form a department in the federal government that would have the power to act and the power to share intelligence information. Terrorism and US Threats The FBI defines terrorism as “violent acts or acts dangerous to human...
Words: 3262 - Pages: 14
...Running head: DOCUMENTARIES ON TERRORISM Documentaries on Terrorism by Donna Browne A Paper Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for CJ 212 Heroism Saint Thomas Aquinas Collage Fall 2011 How is Terrorism Financed Introduction As we live is this world we are faced with all types of diversities. However the main diversity that the world has been facing is terrorism. Within the last decade, terrorism has hit the United States hard. Before the last ten years, The United States have seen signs and acts of terrorism. Before September 11, The United States law enforcements and security forces where not on the same sheet of music of getting information or sharing information, as the US have seen in these two documentaries. “The man who knew”, and “Spying on the Home Front”. These documentaries brought to light a lot of knowledge that the American people did not or may not have known. As such this paper will explain the two documentaries. The Man Who Knew The first documentary that will be discussed is “The man who knew”. This story is about an FBI special agent, named Mr. O’Neill, and he lived and breathes terrorism. This FBI agent devoted his life in catching terrorist. As one watch the documentary, it is clear that John O’Neill studied these terrorist behavior and movement very well. Mr. O’Neill had so many informants to where he knew when something drastic was going to happen on the American soil. However...
Words: 613 - Pages: 3
...an important role in the country is military. The question is “does increasing military technology make us safer?” If so, how is military affected by technology, or the other way around. Therefore, some countries improve their military to their own purpose. In my paper, I want to let people know that military power is the most important sector in any country to live safer. In addition, the country should support the military financially. The strong military technology any country has, the safer the country will be internal and external affairs. In the future, people may understand why these massive developments in the military are important and they will be proud when they have a strong military. Introduction Allen West, a member of the U.S. House of Representatives, said that “We must never forget why we have, and why we need our military. Our armed forces exist solely to ensure our nation is safe, so that each and every one of us can sleep soundly at night, knowing we have 'guardians at the gate.'”. Through methods of weaponization armies have been changed but the objective remains to protect the land and be strong to fight in warfare. Before a thousand years, armies fought with each other in the battlefield and the distance between fighters was about 100 yards. At that time, they used to arm themselves with knifes, swords, spears, and shields to protect themselves. When the Greeks, Romans, and...
Words: 2318 - Pages: 10
