...INTRO: Coal is mined in every state in Australia. Mainly in Queensland, New south wales and Victoria. About 75% of mines of coal in Australia are exported to mostly to eastern Asia. The coal exported to eastern Asia is mainly used in electricity generation. There are 4 important uses of coal production. Coal mining has many negative impacts on the environment, it can also have severe physical health effects. Economically black coal is a great resource, there have been reports that over 48.8 billion tonnes of the black coal has been sold. Over 96% of these sales were from New South Wales and Queensland. PARAGRAPH 1: There are many types of coal production. However there are only 4 significant uses of coal. Firstly, steel production (liquid fuel), Cement manufacturing. Thermal coal or which is commonly known as steam coal is used for power generation. Lastly, coking coal is in the use of steel production PARAGRAPH 2: In cement manufacturing coal is used as an energy source during the production. Energy is needed in copious amounts to make cement....
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...The Australian mining tax is better known as the mineral resource rent tax. This tax is a tax on profits generated from the exploitation of non-renewable resources within Australia. The tax takes 30 per cent on all mining profits that exceed the Government Bond Rate in addition to the usual company income tax, when profits exceed $75 million. The reason this tax should be deemed so appealing to the people of Australia is because it will help to address the imbalances in the economy, while sharing the profits with the Australian people. The average worker would gain an extra $450 per year and tax breaks will be more available to small businesses. Also, within the first three years this mining “super tax” is expected to raise $10.6 billion, which would help to boost the economy and bring the GDP of Australia up by 0.7%. The mining companies pay royalties to the states in which the minerals are being mined. There became a strong demand for these natural mineral resources and the demand led to an increase in the dollar. Recently, the cost of minerals has skyrocketed, yet the royalty payments did not rise quickly enough; calling for the need for this mining tax to be implemented to ensure that the Australian people were receiving a greater share of the profits from the money being made from mining. Economy theory fit with the topic? Comparative Advantage: Countries should specialize where they have their greatest absolute advantage (if they have absolute advantage in both goods)...
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...Primarily, Uranium produced in Australia has used for the sole production of electricity. However a small proportion of the Uranium mined is for important medical isotopes. It is for this reason that Uranium mining is an ever-important and pressing point of discussion. Mining itself has been criticized for the massive effect it on the environment around it. Uranium mining is no different, and more often then not, the after effects of Uranium mining are more detrimental to the environment. Unlike other mining, Uranium mining has also caused a major stir in the actual use of the Uranium after it has been mined. The environmental problems of Uranium mining go further then the actual mining and by products. The uses of Uranium have been seen as risky and dangerous. Using Uranium as a source of energy has already shown the disastrous effects. The melt down at Chernobyl is still causing health problems in citizens after 30 years. On the upside, Uranium mining creates employment and boosts the Australian Economy. It is for these reasons that Uranium Mining is a process that needs to be looked at carefully before any judgements are made on it's future in Australia. Chemistry Of Uranium and Uranium Mining In the Earth's crust, mineral Uranium averages about two parts per million. Traces of Uranium occur just about everywhere on earth. In Australia, the existence of uranium has been noted since the 1890's. In 1930, ores were mined at Radium Hill in South Australia for minute deposits of Radium...
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...MGSM845 : ECONOMIC CONTEXT OF MANAGEMENT Essay Term 2, 2013 ‘Sustaining Australia’s rate of economic growth above 3.25%, once the mining sector’s level of investment spending reduces during the next couple of years, is going to be a major challenge which will require a focus by the public and private sectors on productivity’. Discuss this statement, including an analysis of Australia’s GDP growth rate since 2000 and the drivers of GDP growth in Australia. What are the implications of your outlook on monetary policy settings? Name: 1,500 Student No.: Word Count: MGSM845:ECONOMIC CONTEXT OF MANAGEMENT Term 2, 2013 The Australian resources sector plays a vital role in the Australian economy. The resources sector is the largest contributor to merchandise exports, a major contributor to GDP, a major employer, a major contributor to government revenue and investment. Other benefits such as its contribution to rural and regional development and technological development and environmental research are also significant. Australia has experienced significant GDP growth since the early 2000’s, it has effectively been a two speed economy where the strong mining sector growth has been offset by the reduction in the manufacturing sector. Following the global financial crisis in the late 2000’s, the Australian government fiscal policy placed signi...
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...Australia’s Potential Uranium Mining Industry Summary Australia’s Uranium Resource Position Australia is the world‟s richest country in terms of uranium resources. Australia‟s uranium resources are spread over 85 deposits and accounts for 23% of the world‟s total resources. Kazakhstan is the current largest producer, producing 40% more tonnes of uranium than Australia while have considerably less reserves. Canada has the highest grade deposits but with much less resources than Australia, however they too produce much more uranium. ‘Three Mine Policy’ Introduced more than 30 years ago this policy inhibited the growth of Australia‟s uranium mining industry until 2007. The policy was changed in order to promote the future of Australia. Ending this policy has impacts on the Australian economy and the world supply of uranium. Nuclear Energy Nuclear energy has been adopted in many countries in the world including developing countries. Australia however, although having the largest uranium resource is largely against Nuclear power. The many issues of nuclear reactors include carbon output into the environment, toxic waste and location. Introduction Australia is the richest country in terms of uranium resources. Australia‟s mining industry has been limited by the introduction of the „Three Mine Policy‟ in the 1980‟s. The current government has recently ended this policy allowing the possibility of increasing the size Australia‟s uranium mining industry. Nuclear power has...
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... Seeing as how the price of iron ore has fallen by more than what the government expected at the time of the May budget, there is a need to look at the budget again as this may hinder any planned spending due to predicted government investment and income. With the Australian mining industry being held at such a high standard from the rest of the world, there is a need for Australia to retain as much revenue as possible. With the super-sized profits being reeled in by resource companies operating in Australia, it is up to the Australian Government and the implementation of the mining tax, as this would reduce the damage being felt by the exports industries such as manufacturing and tourism which has suffered due to the increased Australian Dollar (Jessica Irvine 2010). Other implications seen by the Government include a potential volatility in the relationship between the Australian Government and the Chinese Government due to a reduction in the imports of iron ore and other natural resources from Australia to China as well as the Government having to strongly stay on top of resource nationalism. Resource nationalism is still ranked no. 1 top strategic business risk in the global mining and metal sector (Ernst & Young 2012), this is due to uncertainty and destruction of value caused by sudden changes in policy by the governments of...
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...Introduction 1) Corporate background and its global peers The company Leighton Holding Ltd was founded by Mr. Stanley Ellis Leighton in 1949 and its headquarter is located in Sydney Australia; it is classified as a heavy construction company by Dow Jones Industry, Leighton holding’s main operating activities include: project construction, project management, property development and contract mining services. The diversified services were provided by different and independent operating companies owned by Leighton Holdings; those are companies such as Leighton Contractor, John Holland, Leighton Asia, India and Offshore, Thiess, Leighton Properties and Habtoor Leighton group. These independent operating companies provide diversified services from construction, development, contract mining, operation and maintenance service to the resources, infrastructure and property markets. Geographically, Leighton Holdings Ltd’s business operation covers over 20 countries in Australia, Asia, Gulf area and Southern Africa. On the global scale, Leighton Holdings is No.6 largest heavy construction company by sales in the world in 2012. Its total revenue reached USD 19587.3 millions with an employee team of 56000 people, the company is listed in Australian Stock exchange and stock code is LEI. 2) Corporate business model Diversification is the core of Leighton Holdings business model, the company is aiming to take on their core competencies to the targeted markets and deliver the project...
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...dirty energy Alternative Annual Report 2011 Contents Introduction Coal BHP Billiton in Colombia: Destroying communities for coal BHP Billiton in Indonesia: Going for Deadly Coal in Indonesia BHP Billiton in Australia: When too much in uence is never enough BHP Billiton Australia: Coal mine workers ght back - Queensland BHP Billiton Australia: BHP battle with farmers - New South Wales Oil and Gas and Greenhouse Gases BHP Billiton globally: Re-carbonising instead of decarbonising BHP Billiton in Australia: Hero or destroyer? Uranium BHP Billiton in Australia: “Wanti” uranium – leave it BHP Billiton in Australia: Irradiating the future BHP Billiton in Indonesia: Mining for REDD a false solution to climate change Solutions? Less mining, more reuse and recycling? Moving into rare earths? Footnotes BHP Global mining operations – dirty energy investments 1 3 4 7 8 10 10 11 12 13 15 18 19 20 22 Introduction “More than 30 million people were displaced in 2010 by environmental and weather-related disasters across Asia, experts have warned, and the problem is only likely to grow worse as climate change exacerbates such problems. Tens of millions more people are likely to be similarly displaced in the future by the effects of climate change, including rising sea levels, floods, droughts and reduced agricultural productivity. Such people are likely to migrate in regions across Asia, and governments must start to prepare for the problems this will create.” – Asian Development...
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...assignment, I certify that other than where properly referenced, the content is my own composition In submitting this assignment, I certify that other than where properly referenced, the content is my own composition Environmental Analysis of HSE Group Introduction: HSE Group is a mining service company headquartered in Perth with over 700 employers. It has rich experience in working with a variety of mining methods and commodities, and provides equipment and service to Australia’s major mining companies, operating in Queensland, New South Wales, Northern Territory and Western Australia. While the external environment always changing, such as interest rate is in a low position, more investment funds from stakeholders, development of urbanization, legitimating RET (Renewable Energy Target), high level of public concern of environment and so on, so HSE Group still confront a lot of opportunities and challenges. This article will utilize SWOT to analyze the impacts of external environment on operations of HSE Group and identify development prospect. Analysis: External environment for HSE Group Economic conditions The benchmark interest rate in Australia decline constantly in recent years as figure 1 reveals. Figure1 Figure1 Strength: This is beneficial for HSE group to decrease the cost of investment and boost the expected rate of income. Low interest rate enable HSE group raise more money to expand its scale and operations, and support it to...
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...Executive Summary Gammon Lake (GL) is an exploration and mining company that is based in Canada but operates in Mexico. The minerals extracted by GL are mainly Gold and Silver and are sold to process and refining companies in their raw form. GL possesses a management team who holds an abundance of intelligence and expertise. This knowledge ranges from accounting to exploration and all of the areas in between. This knowledge has allowed GL to create very accurate resource reserve calculations and feasibility studies. In the last few years, Gammon Lake has acquired mining rights from multiple companies, thereby considerably increasing their mineral reserve, and the company’s size and capacity. As the Mexican mining market becomes more and more saturated, the number of profitable mining reserves is continuously decreasing. Gammon Lake faces the dilemma of continuing to only operate in Mexico or to take the company in another direction by expanding into other mining markets such as over seas (Australia and Peru) and/or the Canadian and USA markets. Currently, the best option for Gammon Lake is to remain only in the Mexican mining market as they are in an extremely severe loss position. Expanding into other markets will be exceptionally expensive therefore Gammon Lake should avoid those additional expenses at the moment. When and if Gammon Lake finds themselves in a more suitable financial position they should focus their efforts into expansion into these other markets...
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... Papadopoulos & Line Groenvold October 2014 1 Table of Contents What is Workforce Planning? ......................................................................................................... 3 History of workforce planning ..................................................................................................... 3 The importance of workforce planning ........................................................................................ 4 Implementation of workforce planning ........................................................................................ 5 Application to the Western Australian Mining Industry .............................................................. 8 Workforce Planning Needed to Account for a Dynamic Environment ..................................... 10 Dealing with the challenges involved in workforce planning .................................................... 12 References ..................................................................................................................................... 13 Appendix A ................................................................................................................................... 17 Appendix B .................................................................................
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...multinational mining and petroleum company. BHP started its operation in Melbourne in 1885 which is one of Australia’s largest and oldest companies, and it focused on development, discovery, production, and marketing of natural resources. In value-added flat steel products, BHP was also a market leader. In 1860, Billiton was established in The Hague, Netherlands. Billiton developed a growing and substantial copper portfolio. It was also a global leader in the metals and mining sector, and a major producer of aluminum and alumina, steaming coal, nickel, and titanium, chrome and manganese ores and alloys. BHP Ltd of Australia and Billion Plc of UK established merger in 2001, and the result was the dual listed company (DLC). BHP Billion becomes one of the world’s largest mining and Petroleum Company. It expands its business in twenty countries, and its major commodities are iron ore, metallurgical coal, energy coal, conventional and unconventional oil and gas, copper, aluminum, manganese, uranium, nickel, and silver. This essay will deeply analysis the effects of BHP Billiton’s sustainability practice on the ownership advantages. It also explains the expansion strategy of BHP Billiton, which is Joint venture and mergers and acquisitions. At last, it will show some risks which are created by the macro and external factors in the mining industry and give some strategies to reduce these risks. Sustainability Practice to Improve O Advantages in the Mining Sector The mining industry...
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...Corporate Social Responsibility Practice in Australia 24 April, 2016 prepared by Executive Summary This report provides an analysis and importance of CSR reporting in mining industry, how well companies disclose social and environmental issue according to GRI guidelines. This article’s main focus is to describe trends of CSR reporting in mining companies in Australia. This article provides detailed overview of companies reporting format and structure, CSR disclosing motivation, how well company account for job losses and impact of reduction of oil price on companies. The purpose of this report is to describe CSR practice of mining companies in Australia and highlights the importance of sustainability reports regarding social and environmental perspective. This report is based on two major mining companies namely BHP Billiton and Rio Tin. The information used for writing this article is gathered from different researcher, annual reports, newspapers, and online articles, GRI guideline. Only Secondary data used to write report and study based on ASX registered companies companies in Australia are more aware of GRI reporting standards now and also know that how crucial it is to report on the sustainability issues from social and environmental perspective to have long term business and secure future. . Contents Executive Summary i Contents ii Introduction 3 Question a 3 ...
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...EXC 9210 Introduction to International Economics Student Name: HE Yining Student Number: 25401696 Date of submission: 27/09/2013 Q1.Factors behind changes in demand of Auto industry in Australia There has been a steady decline in Australian's auto industry since the last decade. While there were five car companies residing in Australia previously, now there are only three left, which is Ford, Holden and Toyota, and Ford has announced their closure of manufacturing plant in 2016 (ABC, 2013). This steady decline in the industry is driven by the declining demand of Australian made cars. There are several reasons behind changes in demand for Australia cars in the recent years. One of the reasons commonly stated is the strong Australian dollar compared to other currencies. The higher dollar as opposed to other currencies made it that producing cars in Australia is relatively more expensive compared to other countries. The rising prices of Australian dollar can be seen at this table: Year | Quarter | Yen | US Dollar | Euro | Won | 2007 | March | 94 | 0.79 | 0.60 | 742 | | June | 101 | 0.83 | 0.62 | 773 | | September | 100 | 0.85 | 0.62 | 789 | | December | 101 | 0.90 | 0.61 | 825 | 2008 | March | 95 | 0.92 | 0.60 | 879 | | June | 100 | 0.95 | 0.61 | 975 | | September | 93 | 0.87 | 0.58 | 953 | | December | 63 | 0.67 | 0.51 | 893 | 2009 | March | 63 | 0.66 | 0.51 | 942 | | June | 75 | 0.78 | 0.56 | 988 | | September...
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...Climate change has meant a renewed interest in nuclear power as a means of providing for the world’s energy needs. Discuss the implications for Australia’s mining industry? Australia is the world’s largest coal exporter and has the second largest deposit of coal in the world. Although the world is currently in the throes of a global financial crisis, Australia’s economy one of the few in the developed world to stay afloat has been buoyed considerably by its exports industry, particularly that of coal. Despite Australia’s promise to reduce carbon emissions by 5% in accordance with its commitment to the Kyoto protocol, the coal industry has been lucky enough to avoid almost all penalties that other industries are set to receive under the proposed carbon emission trading scheme . This combined with Australia continuing to stall further international discussions on combating climate change has earned Australia the reputation of “A nation of climate sinners” . It is obvious that despite a lot of rhetoric on the importance of addressing climate change, the Australian government is not willing to commit to solving the global challenge of climate change to an appreciable degree while such a large part of the Australian economy is at stake. For the Australian government to fully commit to its promises on combating climate change, a way to free the Australian economy of its coal dependence needs to be found. The world is in a new era of energy production where it is no longer a question...
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