CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION Technology has always been a great part of people’s everyday lives. The innovation of every piece of work has been developed through the use of advanced technology and new innovations. These new technologies and innovations are bringing people to new perspective of daily living. Nowadays, people are very technology conscious that it seems that they cannot live now without these new technologies, such as using the internet to feed their conscious minds, to browsing for new menus, to searching the most popular and highest paid personalities, to political issues point of view, and sometimes to showcasing the talents of the most talented even though some of these talented are specially able people.

Many people are very thankful that one of the greatest inventions in human kind is the mobile phone.Many tools and applications have been invented and are continuously being produced. One of the most significant technology advances in education is also the use of mobile application. Through these mobile phones, people can easily communicate with one another, whether some of these people are normal or some are especiallyabled ones. Also, through these mobile phones, conflicts or misunderstandings can be solved; sometimes a fight can also ignite through it if it was not used for good. But of course, we need to use the technology wherein we can benefit from it, and also we need to think of other people’s sake. As the saying goes, you are truly living and loving if you know how to devote yourselves sometimes for the need of others. We believe that by means of incorporating this technology in the world of education could help people in many different ways. One of the help that the proponents can be granted for these especially abled people is by pursuing this study that would allow more deaf and dumb people to understand one another, to have more friends and most especially for the normal person to understand these kinds of people. Not only the deaf and dumb will benefit from this study but also the proponents that are conducting this study for they can really prove that to live is to understand one another whether you are normal or specially challenged people.
Background of the Study
Do you findespecially abled people a challenged?Have you ever experienced seated next to a deaf or dumb people? How difficult it was to communicate with them? How are you going to use technology in order to help them? Those are some questions that make us reflect on how we are going to use our mobile phones to help others. Mobilephones became extremely popular device considering its vast utility worldwide. However, making cell phones accessible to the deaf and hard-of-hearing community is still a challenge. Main available products on the market for this community offer no more than the possibility to boost/amplify volume. Many cellular provides individual cell phone models, which are hearing aid compatible and possess speakerphone capabilities. However, if the user is completely deaf, these phones still tend to be somewhat complex or impossible to use. Another alternative, based on video phones messages, are quickly widespread as the preferred method of communicating for the deaf and hard-of-hearing community compress and decompress video in real time.
The proponents aim is to give deaf people access to mobile communication using sign language and allow them to communicate with hearing persons. Their contribution consists mainly, in the development of software module, which allows automatic transformation of words to sign language. The content of this research is devoted to present the state of the art related to the use of sign language in the cell phone technologies. The first way to use cell phone by hard of hearing or deaf person is the Sign language Translator. This proposed study allows people who communicate with Sign Language to use a real time communication with video and pictures via the mobile phone. For these reasons, the application represents a mobile accessory to people who work with deaf people, or just want to learn sign language. It contains a very simple interface, which is design for cell phone; it contains an area to introduce words to be translated and an alphabetical list to choose directly. Sign language translator is a converter of words into pictures and video sequence in sign language. This study offers a deaf the possibility to be understood by the ordinary people.
The proponents who proposed signs corresponding to words can make the creation of this application in an incremental and collaborative way that will helpdeaf people to communicate to spoken people, and give some knowledge about sign language and its culture.

Statement of the Problem
The purpose of this study is to develop a source material in sign language by using mobile phones, which can be used by non-spoken people, and spoken people to gain more information in translating words into sign language. Specifically, it sought answers to the following questions: 1. What hardware requirements (i.e., device interaction, screen size, and memory space) are the most suitable to apply in the proposed study? 2. What are the most efficient tools (i.e., programming language, database and android version/phone model) that can be used in order to accomplish this study? 3. What are the factors that will be considered in testing and evaluating the application in terms of its: 4.1 processing time 4.2 functionality 4.3 user-friendliness 4.4 efficiency and effectiveness 4. What statistical treatment will be applied to prove that the formulated factors are achieved by this application? 5. How will the application helps the user followed every instructed word/sentences given.

Objectives The general objective of the study is to createhelpful applicationsoftware to contribute in the improvement of e-accessibility of speechless community and to make the cell phone a way of communication usable by deaf people. In this context, theydeveloped a new application able to transform the words to video and pictures sequence in sign language in a format that can be understand by the user. Specifically, this study aims to: 1. Develop an application that will extend the knowledge of people for non-spoken persons.
2. Provide a reliable source of information for younger generation of non-spoken people.
3. Improve the user’s ability to communicate usingMobile Sign Language Translator. 4. Lessen time consumed in studying sign language through internet and/or books.
5. Provide an implementation plan for the proposed study.
Significance of the Study
In this generation, modernity is an advantage for communities of especially abled people; one of its privileges is using mobile phones. Mobile phones now are use to develop an application that will help people in many different ways, whetherinentertainment, education or even to the especially abled community. Its flexibility, portability and light to handle,makes easier for the communities to access, learn and communicate. Mobile Sign Language Translator makes way to communicate easily to people without any limitations of who can just use it; anyone can use it and learned from it. Most of all, the beneficiaries of this application would be the children whose started studying sign language together with their parents whom teaching them sign language at their early age.Especially from the SPED whom which the students are not just ordinary students. It will help them easily understand an English word/s translated in sign language specially the alphabets and numbers. For the deaf people, the application provides them basic knowledge about sign language. Like finger spelling, providing them words, alphabets and numbers that would be useful for communication. For university, the study will give the students more information of how will they know the situation of deaf people and how to help them. For researchers, in relation to the study of specially abled community and sign language, it will help them to come up with some ideas to make their research study more interesting. For the future researchers, this study can be their inspiration and sample material to create a similar study about mobile application. This project can motivate other people to create software using modern technology.

Scope and Limitation of the Project The application that the proponents developed is a tool for learning sign language for mobile phones that users can translate normal word/s into sign language using pictures and video sequence. The application runs exclusively for smart mobile phones, written in Java using android gingerbread as its platform. In addition, the phone must be Java-enabled and the screen size should be 240 x 320 or even higher to see the application contents more likely. The application needs enough storage of videos and pictures. That is why the proponents useMicroSD memory card for storing videos and pictures. Free memory space should be minimum of 1gigabyte or higher. In terms of the application contents, the resolution of the video as well as the picture will depend on the screen resolution of the mobile phone. Which only supports 3gp and mp4 formats for videos and .jpg, .png formats for pictures. The application does not support internet browsing and only English language can be translated. Only mobile phones that support Java and android gingerbread can install this application because of compatibility mode of the software that the proponents used.

Definition of Terms
This provides the technical and operational definition of some terminologies that the proponents consideredunfamiliar to the general readers that have been used in the study.
Android Gingerbread - Gingerbread is the dessert-themed Android codename for the version 2.3 update of the open source Android mobile operating system. (Techopedia, 2010) This is the operating system used in the application.
Software Development Kit (SDK) - A software development kit that enables developers to create applications for the Android platform. It also comprises of APIs, compiler, linker and debugger. (Bolton, 2010) It includes development tools and emulator needed to test the application.
Android Development Tool (ADT) - is a plug- in for the Eclipse IDE that is designed to give you a powerful, integrated environment in which to build Android applications. (Bray, 2010) It extends the capabilities of Eclipse to let quickly set up new Android project.
Java Development Kit (JDK) - is a program development environment for writing Java applets and applications. (Rouse, 2005) This is use with SDK, ADT, and IDEtocreate android application.
Eclipse Indigo - is an integrated development environment (IDE) and an extensible plug-in system. Mostly, written in Java and used to develop applications in Java. (Torgamus, 2011) It is the Integrated Development Environment (IDE)that the proponents used to develop the program application.
Adobe Photoshop 7.0 - robust photo editor that allows us to create, edit and manipulate sprites needed in the program. (Eccles, 2006) It is the application that has been used by the proponents in designing the interfaces of the application.
Emulator- a virtual mobile device that runs on computer. (Leahy, 2011) The emulator let the developers to develop and test Android applications without using a physical device.
Integrated Development Environment (IDE) - Is a software application that provides comprehensive facilities to computer programmers for software development. (Matt, 2011) In the study, it is a general term for Eclipse Indigo.
SQLite - is an in-process library that implements a self-contained, zero-configuration, server less, transactional SQL database engine. (Hipp, 2011) It is the main storage of data.

CHAPTER 2
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE This chapter presents the review of related literatures; related studies, theoretical background that are used in the development of the application program.
Related Literature Signing Savvy that is a study about sign language online focused on creating cutting-edge, easy-to-use sign language learning tools. The founders of this study include educators, interactive media designers, and sign language experts representing over 40 years of experience in sign language education. The Signing Savvy web site, launched in January 2009, has grown to become the most comprehensive online sign language resource for educators, students, or anyone interested in American Sign Language. Signing Savvy is a dynamic sign language resource containing high-resolution videos of American Sign Language signs and other common signs used in conversational signing within the United States and Canada. A constantly expanding dictionary has videos of signs for more than 7,000 words and phrases. Any word not contained in the dictionary can be finger spelled. Other features include sign descriptions, memory aids, full screen videos, printable signs, flash cards and quizzes, word list sharing, a phrase builder, social networking and a mobile application. Signing Savvy may be accessed by patrons inside or outside of a subscribing library and is intended for use by public library patrons to acquire American Sign Language skills. “American Sign Language is different from speaking languages because it is a visual language and it is difficult, if not impossible to from a book alone. Static images on a page and text just do not convey the flow and motion of the language,” said JohnMiller, Director of Education at Signing Savvy. (Stugrin, 2009) Sign Language (SL) research is still a relatively new area when compared to research into spoken languages. A significant study into the linguistic structure of SLs only began in the1960s with the seminal work of Stokoe (1960), whose research on American Sign Language paved the way for social recognition of SLs as real languages. More recently, acknowledgment of this is included in the works of linguist such as Pinker (1994) and Chomsky (2000). Increased recognition of SLs as fully formed, independent languages following political acknowledgment, such as the Resolution of the European Parliament in 1988, has led to some level of research being carried out on SLs in most countries. Usually it is the national center for Deaf Studies or other Deaf associations that investigate the sociological, educational, cultural and linguistic aspects of SLs. In Ireland, for example, the researchers at the Centre for Deaf Studies2 engage in valuable ISL linguistic research ( ´ O’Baoill and Matthews, 2000; Leeson et al., 2006), and members of the Irish Deaf Society3 have produced a book outlining the employment and poverty problems experienced by members of the Dublin Deaf Community (Conroy, 2006) Baby sign language is defined as a method in which you and your infant (or toddler) use specific hand shapes and motions to convey words and meanings (quickly and easily) with each other. These exact hand shapes and motions are executed typically using ASL. This special type of communication significantly reduces frustration for your child (Cesafsky, 2008). Infant sign language, baby sign or sign language for babies is composed of baby hand and finger signs that indicate words, concepts and ideas babies need and want to communicate. These are words like "hungry," "milk," "hurt," "sleepy," etc. The proponents of baby sign language say that the gap between desire to communicate and ability often leads to frustration and tantrums (Sign Language in Infants and Toddlers, 2008). Kissane (2001) indicates that for some people, signs are cognitively easier to learn and retain than spoken language. Signs are more readily accessible than spoken words in the case of non-speaking individuals. It said that children generally understand far more than they are able to communicate themselves (Leardi, 2009).
In Tunisia, researchers are developing easy-to-use web tools to automatically translate written text into sign language. In developing countries, the majorities of deaf people are illiterate and cannot use mobile phone’s Short Message Service (SMS) or text messages. Their preferred language is sign language according to a research paper by scientists from the University of Tunis. The WebSign project aims to break the silence of deaf people. “It’s an initiative to help deaf individuals use Information and Communications Technology (ICT) and hearing people to communicate with deaf ones. The project is really exciting, especially when meeting and getting in touch with the target community,” said MohamedJemni, head of the research laboratory at the University of Tunis and director of the Al Khawarizmi Computing Center. One application they’ve already released is called MMS Sign, a free service for deaf people who want to use mobile phones, but cannot read. “There are no studies in the literature concerning projects that handle deaf and hard of hearing issues,” said Jemni.The application automatically translates an SMS sent from a mobile phone. It converts it into a Multimedia Messaging Service (MMS) that displays a 3D Computer-Generated-Image (CGI) avatar who acts-out the message in sign language. (Chilimo, 2009)
Related Studies To have the comparison of the project with other existing projects that are of closed relevance, the proponents conducted researches from different educational institutions. The proponents conducted research for the improvement of the said project. The study of Roxas of De La Salle University-Manila (2007) which is the Language Translation Engine is a collection of source words with the corresponding translation in the target language, and their features (such as part-of-speech tag, sample sentences, and semantic information), which contains approximately 10,000 English source words with about 25,000 Filipino meanings. Each English entry contains the tag of the words and the corresponding Filipino meaning, with co-occurring word information, and other English features or attributes (e.g., other acceptable spellings or synset id based from WordNet) for proper translation. Semantic features address the problem of ambiguity since many words have many relationships and determining the proper translation is vital. A study is currently being explored in building a Tagalog WordNet so that it extended to handle semantic features as in the WordNet. In comparison to the proposed study, Language Translation Engine showed the translation of English words to any target language while in the proposed study, the proponents only focused in English word/s, alphabets and numbers to be translated in American Sign Language. According to Tiu of De La Salle-Manila (2004), the Automatic Lexicon Extraction from Comparable Non-Parallel Corpora is automatically learned from sample documents. Two approaches have been experimented on using parallel documents (translations of each other) and non-parallel documents (non-translations of each other). In using parallel English-Filipino corpora in the automatic lexicon extraction, a probabilistic approach is used to determine candidate translations of English and Filipino words through the principle of co-occurring words in parallel English-Filipino documents. Since it is assumed that semantically related words usually co-occur (i.e., words that appear together) in documents in a language and would co-occur in documents in a different language. Only 57% accuracy is derived from training using about 40,000 words, since there are other sources of errors such as tags, which were not verified by linguists.
In using the non-parallel comparable (that is, non-parallel but within the same domain) corpora, the proponents derived 50% accuracy of extraction of translation terms of the source word to its equivalent target word using a corpora within the same domain with 381,553 English and 92,610 Tagalog terms, with 4,817 and 3,421 distinct root words, respectively. An improvement introduced in this study involves the use of clustering algorithm to group together similar senses of a word using word context extraction and other clues like the part of speech tags in the source corpora. It first extracts the contexts of the source word, clusters them into their most similar sense, and then ranks the output through the assistance of the target corpora. Errors are attributed to quality of corpora, preprocessing errors, and the inclusion of some function words in the target corpora.
In comparison to the proposed study, Automatic Lexicon Extraction from Comparable Non-Parallel Corpora focused on translating of Arabic, Greek, Hebrew and Syrian words and extracting its fonts into English or Filipino Language. However, in the proposed study, the proponents only focused in translating English words into American Sign Language. The educational tool BaSLant: Basic Sign Language Translator of Colegio de San Juan de LetranCalamba ofEvangelista in the year 2004, was made to help lessen, if not eliminate, some of the tedious tasks being encountered by the teachers of Preparatory Level to Level 3 D&HI students at the PaaralangPag-ibig at Pag-Asa San Pablo City, Laguna was developed using the linear sequential method for software engineering. also called “Classic Life Cycle”, the linear sequential approach to software development that begins at the systems level and progress through analysis, design, coding, testing and maintenance. In comparison to the study, the educational tool BaSLanTwas used to help the teachers and students with special needs like students with Down syndrome conditions while in the proposed study, the proponents aim is for all people who want to study Sign Language Translator.To help deaf community, teachers and parents to haveknowledge of sign language words.
Theoretical Background This section provides information regarding to the technical and theoretical aspects of the study. It discusses the development platforms, the database used and implementation of application’s production base on its functionality that provides quality mobile application. The development platforms that are compatible with Software Development Kit (SDK) include operating systems like Windows (XP or higher), Linux (any recent Linux distribution) and Mac OS X (10.4.9 or higher). The components of Android SDK can be downloaded separately. Although the SDK can be used to write Android programs in the command prompt, the most common method is by using an Integrated Development Environment (IDE). The recommended IDE is Eclipse Indigo with the Android Development Tools (ADT) plug-in. However, other IDEs, such as NetBeans or IntelliJ, will also work. Most of these IDEs provide a graphical interface enabling developers to perform development tasks faster. Since Android applications are written in Java code and XHTML, a user should have the Java Development Kit (JDK) installed. The proponents used SQLite as the application database that store pictures and videos needed to perform the application.The Sign Language Translator is a mobile application that runs into Android Gingerbread and Samsung Galaxy Young as its mobile phone. As to its interface, the proponents used Adobe Photoshop to enhance the graphics of the backgrounds. The proponents based this study to Sign Language Translation Theory; this introduces a range of theories relevant to sign language translation. Lecture notes incorporate discussion of general spoken language translation theories, with activities focusing on the application of these theories to the practice of translation between a signed language and a written language. The premise is to explore the process of translation and interpretation from a functional linguistic perspective. The unit facilitates the identification of linguistic and cultural problems in signed language interpreting and translation, and examines various perspectives of these problems. (Vermeer, 2000)

CHAPTER 3
METHODOLOGY
This chapter presents the designs and the methodology that have been used by the proponents in the development of the application program.
Development Method In developing the application, the proponents used the Mobile Application Life Cycle Management. Application Life Cycle Management is a continuous process of managing the life of an application through governance, development and maintenance (Kranenburg, 2011).
Figure 1 shows the Mobile Application Life cycle Development. This is the approach usedby the proponents in the application. It is composed of different phases which the proponents followed to develop the software.
The first phase is prototyping. This phase involve all the initial activities needed in the development of the application. The proponents undergone a deep brainstorming and conceptualized their desired project. They shared their ideas and concepts regarding the application they wanted to develop. They generated the possible purposes and objectives of the application. In this phase as well, the proponents developed their wireframe specifically the navigation workflow. This navigation workflow served as the storyboard of the application as well as the prototype.

They have also conducted research to different universities to support their ideas and concepts regarding the application. They partitioned and divided the works and allocate such on each member. They have also assessed their budget and expenses.
They have also consulted various references as books, unpublished materials and the World Wide Web. They have used all the helpful searches and implemented those on their application. In this phase, debugging and running the application were also performing.
Testing phase is an important phase most especially if the application to be tested is more complex and bigger. With the help of this activity, the proponents learned the compliance to the needs and requirements, quality, functionality and behavior of the application. This phase also expose errors and bugs of the application. Throughout this phase, the proponents developed an objective questionnaire and disseminated it to thirty respondents and let them used the application. Eventually, these respondents rated the application depending upon their satisfaction on the usage of it. The proponents welcomed suggestions and recommendations from them.
Build/Deployment is the last phase. Software build refers either to the process of converting source code files into standalone software artifacts that can run on a mobile phone. One of the most important steps of a software build is the compilation process where source code files are converted into executable code. In this phase, the proponents transfer the executable file and modified version of the application on their Mobile phone with java application. The deployment process prepares the application for the public use. This phase usually adapted by medium to large-scale enterprises that developed mobile applications for commercial use.

Figure 1.Mobile Application Life Cycle Management

Requirements Specification
User Design
This shows the interface of “Sign Language Translator”, that discusses the process and functionality of every phase. The proponents provided images and descriptions for each figure of the application. Figure 2 shows the splash screen, the first module that will be load to start the proposed application.

Figure 2.Splash Screen Figure 3, Menu Screen will display option such as Settings, Help, Exit, and the Features of the application. Settings will display the sound option, Help will display the instructions, and Exit will terminate the application. The Features such as the History will display the Sign Language history; the Culture will display the Deaf and Dumb cultures. Number a button that will translate the American standard numbers into Sign Language, the Sentence button will translate your sentences into Sign Language, Alphabet button will translate the letters into Sign Language, Word button will translate words into Sign Language and for Search button will display word/s you want to translate into Sign Language. Figure 3.Menu Screen
Figure 4 will show how to set the Sign Language Translator’s sound, as the users want it to turn on or off. The back button will turn the page to main menu.

Figure 4.Setting Screen
Figure 5, Help screen will display the Sign Language Translator user instructions from the numbers,alphabet,sentences,words buttons. On the upper part of the screen are the buttons of main menu that will turn back the screen to main menu, settings that will set the sound and exit that will terminate the application. Figure 5.Help Screen
Exit Screen will show the termination of the application. That will answer yes it means user wants exit the application and no that means user wanna use the application.

Figure 6.Exit Screen
Figure 7 will view the history of Sign Language. With the buttons on the upper part of it, the main menu that will turn the page into the main menu, the settings that will easily set the settings of the sound of the application, help button that will view instuctions of how to use it, and exit will terminate the application.

Figure 7.History Screen
Figure 8 will view the Culture of people with this kind of disability. With buttons main menu that turns back to main menu, settings that will set the sound, help that can be view user instructions, and exit that will terminate the application.

Figure 8.Deaf and Dumb Culture
Figure 9 display the Sign Language Translator and authors details. Also, buttons on the upper part such as main menu, settings, help and exit.

Figure 9.About Screen
Figure 10 will display the number buttons that will translate into sign language by means of pictures. The upper part are buttons of main menu that will turn to main menu page, settings that will easily set the sound option if turn on or off, help will display the user instructions, exit will terminate the proposed application.

Figure 10.Numbers Screen
Figure 11 will display the video translation of sentences, phrases, and words into Sign Language. The user can control the speed of the videos will be playing, whether fast forward or not. Done button will stop the playing video and turn back the page.

Figure 11.Sentences, Phrases, and Words Screen
Figure 12 will display the translation of alphabet into Sign Language by means of pictures. Including buttons like main menu, settings, help and exit on the upper part of it.

Figure 12.Alphabet Screen

Search Screen will display how to search and translate it by videos or pictures. With buttons on the upper part of the translator that will turn back to main menu, change settings, view user instructions, and exit the application. On the lower part of it will be the keypad to type words/ sentences. Search button will execute the user input.

Figure 13.Search Screen Functional Requirements
Hardware Interfaces
The proponents created the application for the mobile phones which are widely use nowadays.
In order to use the application, the mobile phone should have these specifications below:
Table 1
Mobile Phone Hardware Requirements

Equipment | Type/Specification | Device Interaction | Samsung Galaxy Young | Screen size | 240 x 320 and above | Free Memory Space | MicroSD, up to 32GB |
Software Interfaces
Table 2 presents the software requirements of the mobile phone. In terms of Installation requirements, the “Unknown resources” in application settings should be enabled. The operating system should be Android gingerbread 2.3
Table 2
Mobile Phone Software Requirements

Equipment | Type/Specification | Installation Requirements | Unknown resources in application settings must be enabled | Operating System | Android gingerbread 2.3 |

Systems Analysis and Design
This section presents the activity and phases; the input, process, output and the operational diagram of the application.
Figure 14 shows the application class diagram. It is obvious that MainActivity, NumberActivity, SettingsActivity, VideoActivy, VideoListActivy, HistoryActivity, DeafCultureActivity, AphabetActivity, AboutActivity and SplashActivity comprise an activity. Therefore, the listed Activities are essential to run the application.Besides, each activity can be considered as the subclasses of the Activity class. Therefore, Activity class is the superclass of all the activities.

Figure 14. Application Class Diagram
The next figure shows the Utility class diagram. It explains the flow and process of finding the sd card that contains the Sign Language folder for the application contents specially the sign language videos.

Figure15 Utility Class Diagram
Input-Process-Output (IPO) Chart
Figure 16 presents the Input-Process Output (IPO) chart of the application. Generally, to effectively use the application, the user should choose or search for American words into which the chosen word be translated in a second. The application should also have the proper contents for its database so that the user can search to fit the user’s needs. Afterwards, the application itself will manage and process the user’s input.
In the process phase, the application will access the database only after the user’s input for the translation of the inputted or chosen words, phrases/sentence, alphabets and numbers. All these actions in the process phase could not be visible to the user. In addition, all process have been done by the user can be accomplished in less than a second.
INPUT
Theories and information gathered about: * Mobile Application development * Programming tools for mobile applications development

OUTPUT

Mobile Sign Language Translator
PROCESS
Analysis and Design
Programming
Testing
And
Implementation

After the data input has been process, the application will display the output screen to the user. This might contain the translated user input.

Figure 16 Input-Process Output (IPO) Chart

Operational Diagram
Figure 17 shows the operational diagram of the developed application. Mobile application will not work without the presence of user. The user will access and put commands on the application through an Android phone. The Android mobile phone with Java, its classes and subclasses, will load the module of the application. This module will query the application database to search for the word, sentences or user input. If the entered word resides on the database, it will load the data complying the term searched and pass on through the modules of the application. Afterwards, this module will execute the result and display it on the user interface. The user will access the data presents by the phone.

Figure 17 Operational Diagram

Turn ON Sound
Translate
Display Numbers
End
Input Choice
A
A
A
Exit
?
About
?
Settings ?

Translat
Input Choice
Main Menu
Start
A
N

Figure 18 Application Domain Flowchart
32

Y

Translator
?
N
N
N
N

B
Y
Y
Y
Y

Do you want to exit?
Display SLT, author
Enable
Sound
?

A
N

Choice == Numbers

Y

Y

Turn OFF Sound

Y

Choice== Word
N

Display
Result

B

B
N

A B
E
Input Choice
Translate
Display Result

Choice == Alphabet

Y
Input Choice
Display letters

Find in Database ?
Figure 18 Application Domain Flowcharts
33

E Find in Database ?
N
N

Choice == Sentence, Phrase
B
N

E
Y

Y
Y

Translate

Choice == Search
N

B
N
Display Result

Y
A
A

Testing and Evaluation
The used of testing and evaluation is to identify and resolve usability issues during application development. The goal of the proponents was to gather feedback of the signature images and video translation.
In order to give justification for the application to be developed and check if there will be an error, the proponents will conduct a survey to deaf and normal students in order to examine the program.The proponents will make an *.apk file for cell phone wherein they will review and test the software if there will be some unexpected flaws that will appear in the program.
Twenty (20) respondents will be evaluating the software. The proponents will conduct a survey;half of it, will be the students and teachers of South Central School Tanauan and another ten (10) will be the students of BatangasStateUniversity.
The proponents used the Black Box Testing as for the software testing;to test the application’s functionality and requirements. Through the use of this software testing the application is used or tested by the respondents who are the deaf persons and the people who are incapable or especially abled to see the effectiveness and efficiency of the application as well as the requirements that the application presented or given during the testing of the mobile application.
Too see the criteria please refer to page 76. Each question will be rated by the users depending upon their experience on the utilization of the application. The questions will be rated from 1-5, 5 being the highest.
Table 3 shows the criteria on how the target respondents will evaluate the application. Table 3
Summary of Evaluation Numerical Rating Value | MeanRanges | Verbal Interpretations | 5 | 4.20 – 5.00 | Strongly Agree/Very Good | 4 | 3.40 – 4.19 | Agree/Good | 3 | 2.60 – 3.39 | Moderately Agree/Fair | 2 | 1.80 – 2.59 | Disagree/Poor | 1 | 1.00 – 1.79 | Strongly Disagree/ Very Poor |

After the process of dissemination of the questionnaires, the proponents willcompute and tally the data results. To clearly determine the results that will be obtain through surveying. The proponents utilized several statistical treatment procedures. They will useweighted mean (WM) and total weighted mean (TWM) as scales. However, before obtaining the aforesaid scales, the following variables were needed. v = value of the rating of the respondents f = frequency of the value vf= value of the rating multiplied by its frequency

To determine the weighted mean, the formula used was:
WM = vff where
WM = weighted mean vf= summation of value of the rating multiplied by its frequency f= summation of the frequency of the value

To determine the total weighted mean, the formula used was:
TWM = wmn where
TWM = total weighted mean n= number of questions in a category wm = summation of weighted mean

Chapter 4
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
This chapter will discuss the results and analysis of the development and testing of the program presented in tabulated format.
The Actual and Honest Observations of the Researchers
Since the application is basic,there are some extension names that are not compatible to application specially when it comes to pictures. Even though there are only twenty six letters in English alphabet every one of it had a picture. It is hard to find pictures that will fit the screen and surely will run and perfectly seen when the users want to see it one by one. File names like jpeg, png and gif are the file types that are compatible by mobile phone but not all of them can be viewed by the application. JPEG is the only file type that is compatible by the application. It will go blank when users insert a file type that is not JPEG. Inserting new videos are much harder than getting new pictures for the application. Users have to considerate its phone specifications specially the device interaction, where the user need to consider the screen size of the phone that will fit the videos or maybe the user will see it clearly and will not make it hard for them to understand. Getting involved with world wide web, is not recommendable. Creating another module for searching to internet will make trouble because it will make the application hanging which results to terminating the application. The process of all the content will also involved, the pictures and video playing will be slower. The motions of each played videos affect. Because it is basic; the proponents use another way to store more file easily without searching to the internet using the application that will cause hanging or terminating it. By inserting the file its folder allotted to it is easy. But it needs enough memory space for each file that will be inserting. Screen Shots Figure 19 shows the splash screen, the first module that will be loaded to start the application. Figure 19. Splash Screen In figure 20, Menu Screen displays options such as History, Deaf Culture, Alphabets, Videos, Numbers, About and the Search. History displays the history of sign language. Deaf culture display the belief and thinking of every deaf people. Number button translates the American standard numbers into Sign Language, the Sentence button translate sentences into Sign Language, Alphabet button translate the letters into Sign Language, Videos button translate words into Sign Language and for Search button display word/s you want to translate into Sign Language. Figure 20.Menu Screen
In figure 21 History Screen shows the origin and explain the Sign Language how does it begin. Click the Exit button to back to the main menu screen.

Figure 21.History Screen Figure 22 shows the deaf and culture screen. The users can view the Culture of people with this kind of disability. It shows the belief and thinking of deaf people and how to communicate.Click the Exit button to back to the main menu screen.

Figure 22.Deaf and Culture Screen Figure 23 shows the Alphabets Screen displays the translation of the alphabet into Sign Language by means of pictures. Clicking the chosen image shows the translated letter into sign language. Click the Exit button to back to the main menu screen.

Figure 23.Alphabet Screen
Figure 24 shows the Number screen, it displays number images by clicking the chosen image it will shows the number into sign language. Click the back button for exit.

Figure 24.Number Screen
Figures 25 and 26 displays the Videos Screen, it shows the list of videos in words and phrases. In the menu bar the search button will help the user to easily find the word to translate into video.

Figure 25. and 26. Videos Screen
Figure 27 display the About button. It shows everything about the application and the instruction of the using the sign language translator.

Figure 27.About Screen
Figure 28 Search Screen displays how to search words and translate it by videos. On the lower part of it, the keypad to type words/ sentences. Search button executes the user input.

Figure 28.Search Screen
Figure 29 will show how to set the Sign Language Translator’s sound, as the users want it to turn on or off. The back button will turn the page to main menu.

Figure 29.Setting Screen Figure 30 Exit Button, if the users want to quit the application, click the back button and there is a message box that has “Yes and No” button; click Yes to quit the application and No if the users want to continue using the application. Figure 30.Exit Screen

Software Evaluation
The proponents conducted a survey wherein half of the respondents are normal students from Batangas State University JPLPC Malvar and the other half are some deaf students in SouthCentralSchool in Tanauan, Batangas. It is consisted of three categories, each category has corresponding criterion.
Table 4 shows the summary of evaluation for the Ease of Use category. The criterion “Controls are responsive to touch” and “User friendliness” got the highest mean of 4.8, because the users can easily control and understand the used of application. On the other hand with the mean of 3.9, the criterions, “Skills needed to operate the program are minimal and Icons” are easy to select, because some of the respondents are novice of using this application.
Table 4
Category 1 Summary of Evaluation
(Ease of Use) Questions | WM | Verbal interpretation | Skills needed to operate the program are minimal. | 3.95 | Agree | Users can use the program independently after the first use. | 4.4 | Strongly Good | Getting to the first menu is quick and easy. | 4.3 | Strongly Good | Controls are responsive to the touch. | 4.8 | Strongly Good | Alphabets and numbers are review on the screen. | 4.4 | Strongly Good | Users know if they make a mistake in commands. | 4.0 | Strongly Good | Icons are easy to select | 3.9 | Agree | User friendliness | 4.8 | Strongly Good | Compete Mean | total WM: | 4.32 | Very Good |
Table 5 shows the summary of evaluation for the Control category. The criterion, “Ability to translate words” got the highest mean of 4.55, because they can access easily understand the translated words. The criterion, “The user has control over exiting at any time”, got the lowest mean of 3.05.
Table 5
Category 2 Summary of Evaluation
(Control)
Questions | WM | Verbal Interpretation | Offers a quick response of the videos to the user | 3.85 | Agree | The user has control over the displayed videos and/or pictures | 3.8 | Agree | The user has control over exiting at any time | 3.05 | Agree | Ability to translate words | 4.55 | Strongly Agree | Ability to playback the video | 3.65 | Agree | Compete Mean | Total WM | 3.78 | Agree/Good |

The table 6 shows the summary of evaluation for the Content category. The criterion “Offers a good presentation of one or more content areas” got the highest mean of 4.1, because the of the output graphics of the application. The criterion, “The visual presentation is novel with the each use” got 3.35.

Table 6
Category 3 Summary of Evaluation
(Content)
Questions | WM | Verbal Interpretation | Offers a good presentation of one or more content areas | 4.1 | Strongly Agree | Understandable video instructions | 3.8 | Agree | The visual presentation is novel with each use | 3.35 | Agree | There is a sufficient amount of content | 4.05 | Agree | Compete Mean | Total WM | 3.83 | Agree/ Good |

The table 7 shows the summary of evaluation for the Program Features category. The criterion, “The program is knowledgeable and useful” got the highest mean of 3.9, because the application can help the deaf and other people to know about the sign language. The criterion, “Can display output” got the lowest mean of 3.75.
Table 7
Category 4 Summary of Evaluation
(Program Features) Questions | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | WM | The program is knowledgeable and useful | 0 | 5 | 1 | 6 | 8 | 3.9 | Can display output | 1 | 1 | 4 | 7 | 7 | 3.85 | Sound can be toggled or adjusted | 0 | 4 | 3 | 7 | 6 | 3.75 | TOTAL WEIGHTED MEAN | 3.83 |

CHAPTER 5
SUMMARY, CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS This chapter presents the summary of the study, conclusions, and recommendations based on the study and survey questionnaires that the proponents conducted in two different kinds of users as well as schools.
Summary
The proponents summarized the application in terms of its functions, features and the objectives that has been done during the development of the study. Sign language translator is an android mobile application proposed study that allows people who communicate with Sign Language to use a real time communication with video and pictures via the mobile phone. The application represents a mobile accessory to people who work with deaf people, or just want to learn sign language. It contains a very simple interface, which is design for cell phone; it contains an area to introduce words to be translated and an alphabetical list to choose directly. Sign language translator is a converter of words into pictures and video sequence in sign language. This study offers a deaf the possibility to be understood by the ordinary people. It helps parent of disable children to teach them sign language from their early age. Deaf and dumb students can learn by using this application at anytime and anywhere.

The Sign Language Translator is a mobile application runs into Android Gingerbread and Samsung Galaxy Young as its mobile phone. The application does not support internet browsing and only English language can be translated. The proponents created an application exclusively for mobile phones, written in Java and only mobile phones that support Java can install this application because of compatibility mode of the software that the proponents used. The proponents based the study to Sign Language Translation Theory; this introduces a range of theories relevant to sign language translation. Lecture notes incorporate discussion of general spoken language translation theories, with activities focusing on the application of these theories to the practice of translation between a signed language and a written language. The premise is to explore the process of translation and interpreting from a functional linguistic perspective. The unit facilitates the identification of linguistic and cultural problems in signed language interpreting and translation, and examines various perspectives of these problems.
Conclusions
Based on the testing and evaluation that have been done, the following conclusions were drawn:
1. In developing the application, the proponents used the Mobile Application Life Cycle Management (MAPL). Itis a continuous process of managing the life of an application through governance, development and maintenance. The developers chose this method because it has integrated development environment, which provides tools to allow a developer to write, test and deploy applications into the target platform environment. 2. The proponents based this study to Sign Language Translation Theory; this theory is focusing to the practice of translation between a signed language and a written language. The premise is to explore the process of translation and interpretation from a functional linguistic perspective. In relation to the study, this theory provides the use of modules to translate sign language to written form of language which the study used to complete its contents. 3. The proponents of the project used Eclipse Indigo, Java as programming Language, android as an emulator and Sequel Lite as the main storage or the database of the application. Java is theonly programming language that will support Android gingerbread. 4. The application is only suitable on Android 2.3 Gingerbread and Samsung Galaxy Y which is the mobile phone that is used by the proponents. The developers chose Android 2.3 Gingerbread because it is the platform that the Samsung Galaxy Y has which is a suite for the study. 5. In order to complete and test the application the proponents considered the following factors in testing and evaluating the application.
5.1. In terms of time processing, the users don’t need to wait longer to the response of the application. The application response quickly to the user needs either translating videos or pictures, or setting up sounds. 5.2. For the functionality of application, each feature is responding efficiently, consistent and reliable. The users had the control over the playing videos, image selecting and other content. 5.3. In terms of user friendliness of the application, the users manipulate it easily because, it is provided by the icons that is characterizes its category. 5.4. In terms of efficiency and effectiveness of the application, this application will give some knowledgeable information for the users. Because it has a lot of information that the users will surely learned. 6. The proponents used weighted arithmetic mean (WM) and total weighted mean (TWM) as scales in order to get the total frequency.Weighted arithmetic mean, use to get the total frequency of the people evaluated the application. Total weighted mean, use to get the summary of evaluation of everycriterion.
Recommendations
Based on the summary and conclusion of the study, the proponents offered the following recommendation: 1. Since the application is basic, future researchers can enhance the application and make its contents more fun and entertaining to the users in terms of inputting more videos that can be more educated using some techniques to easily understand by the children. 2. The use of flash cards or pop quiz about sign language will also help the application to be more challengeable to the users. 3. For the future researchers, the proponents suggested of working the application with World Wide Web using real-time conversation thru video chatting.