...SOCIAL MOBILITY Since the ancient times, humans have been living in a society were in a social stratification is observed. Moreover, in a social stratification an equal opportunity for social mobility is given in each individual. Social Mobility pertains to the movement of a person from a social status to another social status. This movement can be either upward or downward, depending on whether people rise to higher status or fall to lower ones. Intergenerational mobility is one of the focuses of the study of sociologist. Intergenerational mobility is the upward or downward movement of the hierarchy by the family members from one generation to another. The amount of this movement – which occurs, for example, when a janitor’s son becomes a doctor, or a doctor’s child becomes a janitor- tells how rigidly inequality is structured into society. In other words, social mobility refers to the relative movement of an individual, family, or group, up or down the stratification system of the society. There are two types of social mobility; vertical mobility and horizontal mobility. Types of Social Mobility I. Vertical Mobility refers to downward or upward movement in social rank, which occurs when there is a major change in wealth, prestige or power. When a person is said to move upward, this means that there is an increase in level of wealth through job promotion, small-scale businesses that have prospered. This change is symbolized by setting up residence in an affluent neighborhood...
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...Yallander Ford Eng 101-113 Prof. Susan Horowitz April 4, 2012 This idea of economic mobility, which is defined, as one’s ability to move up the economic ladder by means of hard work and a good education, is an idea deeply entrenched in the Psyche of the American society. It is taken for granted that once you obtain a college education and have a good work ethic, you will move through the economic rank. However, this premise is being severely challenged and by all accounts, not holding up. This is a point reverberated by both Holly Sklar in her piece “The Growing Gulf Between the Rich and the Rest of Us” and the publication “The Economist through their piece “Inequality and the American dream.” Holly dismisses this idea by pointing out the fact that we have become a downward rather than an upward mobile society. This is quite evident when you examine the growing gap between the rich and the rest of us. She points out that median household income has fallen for the fifth year running, while at the other end of the spectrum the opposite holds true. She argues that to make it in the Forbes 400, one would have to amass $900 million, an increase of $150 million from four years ago. Sklar states they are bringing windfall profits to companies like Bechtel while they suspend regulations that shore up wages for workers. This is based on the no-bid contract given to father and son team Bechtel, although they had budget overruns and performed a shoddy job on a prior government project...
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...The New World Encyclopedia defines social mobility as “the movement of the members of a particular society in terms of their social status, usually defined in terms of occupation and income (vertical mobility), or from one social group to another, not necessarily with concomitant change in social position(horizontal mobility)”. Generally social mobility looks at the level in which a person family or a group social status can change within the timeframe of a person life Social mobility can also relate the level to which an person family member move up and down the social group. A person or their family can move up or down the social groups based on their accomplishments and sometimes other reasons that may be out of their power. Some factors that may changes a person social mobility could a person educational background, a person income level, a person occupation or a person status within the society. An upward mobility indicates a person moving from one social class to a higher social class. A downward mobility indicates a person have lowered his or her living standards. As I begin to look over my family past, I can see a noticeable change that has occurred over the generations. I begin to realize my family’s journey overtime and how far we have come. My parents are now retired from their jobs that they have worked for many of years. My brother and I are still working; however we of us have realized that things have changed with time. The changes that we have experienced...
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...Social Mobility Paper Lori Bair University of Phoenix Soc/100 Dr. Audrey Morrissette, PhD. July 27, 2010 Workshop #5 Social Mobility Social mobility refers to the degree to which an individual's family or group's social status can change throughout the course of their lives through a system of social hierarchy or stratification. Social mobility refers to the likelihood that a child will grow up into adulthood and attain a higher level of economic and social wellbeing than his/her family of origin (Little, D. 2009). The purpose of this paper is to reflect on the similarities and differences between myself, my parents and my grandparents in regard to various stratification variables such as: education, religion, income, occupation, area of residence, consumption patterns, and political participation. What caused the differences, have they changed or influenced my attitudes and behaviors. Last I will explain how these differences change my life from how it was when I was young. Similarities and Differences The similarities between my parents and me are obtaining our high school diploma, attended college, stable job, and always had income. The similarities between my grandparents and me are getting our high school diploma, attend church service, Republican Party and always had income. The differences between my parent and I are we don’t believe in the same religion...
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...The American Dream can be defined as every citizen having an equal opportunity to obtain success or security through hard work, determination, climbing the social ladder, and undergoing social mobility. I disagree with the idea of social mobility being achievable for most Americans and The American Dream being attainable. There are different types of social mobility. Intergenerational mobility is the change that family members make in social class from one generation to the next. Upward and downward social mobility which is the movement up the social class ladder or down the social class ladder. Structural mobility, movement up or down the social class ladder that is due to changes in structure of society. Finally exchange mobility, the large number of people moving up the social class ladder, while a large number of people move down. Social class is a large group of people who rank closely to one another in property, power and prestige. People tend to believe that there is the rich, the poor and people who are in the middle. Carl Marx argues that there are two classes, capitalists and workers, while sociologists have denounced this view by arguing that these...
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...Describe how society defines the social issue. So, what is Social Mobility? First, let’s go to its technical or dictionary definition. Social mobility is the movement of people from one social class or economic level to another (“Social Mobility”, Random House Unabridged Dictionary, 2nd Edition). This term is widely used both in Sociology and Economics. It usually refers to vertical movement or moving up or down in rank. For example, if a soldier becomes a sergeant from a corporal, that would be vertical movement. However, it may also refer to horizontal movement or moving from one rank to another of the same social level. Example of this would be a principal who resigns from one school to become the principal of another school. With this definition in mind, we can see that Social Mobility is “movement”. The technical definition doesn’t restrict about the direction – whether you move up or down or just within what’s mentioned before as horizontal movement. Social Mobility is a term used in the objective comparison of economic or social states. Looking at the events around us, we can see that people care more about upward movement. When people talk about Social Mobility, they are likely referring to progress or development. Everyone wants to move up. Like what we commonly see in families. Almost everyone gives importance to good education. Parents keep reminding their children to be good in their studies so they can have good jobs. People want the opportunity to move up. People...
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...Income Mobility: Up & Down the Economic Ladder by Tom Thompson Dr.Walker Senior Seminar 7/29/2009 Thomas L. Thompson Dr. Christopher Walker Senior Seminar July 29, 2009 Income Mobility: Up & Down the Economic Ladder People always say they do what they do to make life better not only for themselves, but for the future well-being of their children and hopefully those actions will get passed on to their children. This is my way of thinking of the paying it forward theory; giving all I have, to make the lives of my children better than the one I grew up with and the one I currently live. One of my most favorite quotes about getting ahead in life came from a philosopher and pastor Russell Conwell that is hand-written by my grandmother in a Bible that was given to me some years ago. It goes like this, “For a man to say, I do not want money, is to say, I do not wish to do any good to my fellow men" (Conwell). Everyone wants money, only if it is to do good for your family’s future. From the rich business professional perched high in their penthouse to the lowly street peddler on the corner, everyone has a story on how and why they ended up in that position. The United States is seen as the place where everyone has the opportunity of the “American Dream”. That includes the opportunity for one's children to grow up and attain to their fullest potential in which they are capable of, and seen for what they are and not what they are born with. It is the opportunity...
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...Women’s Social Mobility in the United States of America We live in a world full of obstacles where it’s said that the one who is born poor will remain poor. Like many other country in the world the United States of America is also struggling with the difficulties regarding social mobility. The American dream is that the poorest suburban person can be a rich person too and America is the home and land of unlimited possibilities. The main idea is that if you work hard enough you can make it to the top. Is it true for everyone? Can women make it to the top? But before I start my essay on Women’s Social Mobility in the United States of America let me clarity certain definitions. The concept of social mobility has two main meanings: a) in the narrow sense, represents the moving in a stratification system, b) broadly refers to the space movement (territorial mobility) and / or change of employment (or mobility fluctuation labor). Studies (theoretical and empirical) say that social mobility can be placed in three categories: - those using a hierarchy criteria, tracking movements between strictly hierarchical layers. It’s the American tradition, which uses the social status as a hierarchical criteria. - those who use as a classification criteria exclusively the individual’s occupation, this leading to the establishment of a social space consisting some number of socio-professional categories: tradition - those using as a criteria social classes and social strata. Here fall particularly...
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...Applied mobility for the banking industry Tech trends 2011 In some industries, companies can pick and choose how they want to respond to new mobile opportunities. In banking, it is not a matter of choice. Not only do consumers expect a steady increase in the number of banking services they can access from mobile devices (not to mention a complementary rise in the quality of their mobile experiences), merchants are moving just as quickly to keep up. That means they’re looking for new ways for customers to buy and pay. With phones? Tablets? Using Debit? Credit? All of the above? As a result, financial institutions should “think outside the bank” when it comes to mobility. Regardless of industry, the march toward mobility is staggering in sheer scale (5 billion subscribers by December 20101) and in its breadth of adoption — crossing age groups, economic classes, and geographies. Consumer interest in smartphones, tablets, and untraditional connected devices such as set-top boxes, telematics, video games, and embedded appliances is growing faster than with any other product segment, with a projected growth of 36% in the coming year2. Connectivity is nearly ubiquitous with today’s mobile computing infrastructure and will only improve with the widespread rollout of 4G, LTE, and WiMAX in primary markets, and the launch of 3G in India3. Just as important, the mobile application (app) movement is fully underway, as traditional telephone service takes a back seat to messaging, e-mail...
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...Are rich people smarter than lower class people? This is a question that really does not have precise answer to it. You can answer this question with tons of different opinions from different people all around the world. In my eyes, I do not think rich people are smarter than lower class people. I think it’s completely out of the question to say rich people are smarter. Just because people are rich doesn’t make them intelligent, and just because people are poor doesn’t make them less smarter either. I now will be talking about why I think rich people aren’t smarter than lower class people. To begin with I personally do believe that there is such thing called “general intelligence”. But this general intelligence isn’t just served to you on a plate. I believe that society has a huge impact on this. For example, growing up as a lower class person isn’t as easy as you think. Especially if you’re growing up in a poor area, you’re going to be hearing gunshots, seeing homeless people, hearing about robberies and many more. All this violence and crime has a huge impact on a young kid or teenager’s academic life. On the other hand, kids that inherit money from their parents or that are just born rich are living the “Ideal Culture” as we would say in chapter 2. They live in a perfect world where you don’t hear gunshots, where you don’t see homeless people when you go outside. The next thing I want to say is that just because you have tons of money, it doesn’t make you smart. There are...
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...and then they continued every seven years. The final interview takes place when they are all 56 years old. 56 Up contains many sociological terms, such as the various types of social mobility. To begin, one sociological term used in this documentary is social mobility. 56 Up represents many of the types of mobility with the subjects. First, Sue shows intragenerational mobility. Sue is a woman who at 56 works in the administration department of a big university in London, despite never going to college. Typically, women with no education are in a lower class; however, Sue moved up within her lifetime, which demonstrates intragenerational mobility. Along with this, Sue experienced vertical mobility. Sue experienced vertical mobility within her job changes. Her part time jobs were viewed as lower than her administrative job now. Paul, on the other hand, started in a lower class. He lived in a children’s home and never went to college. His daughter, Katie, was the first in the family to ever attend a university. This shows intergenerational mobility because going to college and getting a good education could lead to a higher social class. Since this is experienced through more than one generation, it is intergenerational mobility rather than intragenerational. Paul also experienced horizontal mobility with his job changes. He never went to school and had factory, building, and maintenance jobs. All these jobs are in the same social class, so he didn’t necessarily move up or down....
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...hierarchical arragngement of a large social groups based on their control over basic resources “Life changes” the extent to which individuals have access to important societal resources such as food, clothing, shelter, education and health (102) Stratification systems are described as being closed or open closed: the boundaries between levels in the hierarchies of social stratification are rigid and peoples position are set by ascribed status Open: the boundaries between levels in the hierarchies of social stratification are flexible and may be influenced (positively and negatively) by people’s achieved status Social mobility the movement of individuals or groups from one level in a stratification system to another Intergenerational mobility: the social movement experienced by family members from one generation to the next intragenerational mobility: the social movement of individuals within their own lifetime (203) Slavery: until the 19th century in quebec, ontario, new Brunswick, nova scotia in N.a it consisted of : for life and it was...
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...Student Mobility & the International Table of Content 1. Introduction……………………………………………………..…………….……….3 2. History and Development……………………………………………………...…...…4 2.1 The First Stage …………………………………………………..….…………….…..4 2.2 The Second Stage……………………………………………….…………….….........5 2.3 The Third Stage…………………………………………….………………….….…...5 2.4 The Fourth Stage………………………………………………………………………5 3. Signing of the Bologna Declaration……………………….………………………….6 3.1 Bologna Reform……………………………………………………………………….7 3.2 Credit Point System………………………………………………………...…………7 4. Statistics……..…………………………………………………………………………9 5. Funding…………………………………………………………………………...…..10 6. Conclusion……………………………………………………………………………11 7. Literature and Sources………………………………………………………………13 1. Introduction The Bologna process has made positive contributions to the higher education system in Europe by enabling better quality in education, opportunities for mobility, and by challenging national borders[1]. Teichler, the author of International Student Mobility in Europe in the Context of the Bologna Process, states in his article that ministers in various European countries have adopted similar study programs in hopes of increasing the attractiveness for students from other parts of the world to study in Europe and to promote intra-European mobility[2]. These study programs would offer the student...
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...Unit 46: Provide Support for Mobility 1.1 Define mobility According to Oxford Dictionary, mobility is the ability to move or be moved freely and easily. It can be also described as the quality of moveing freely. 1.2 Explain how different health conditions may affect and be affected by mobility The mobility of a client depends on many factors. One of them is health condition. For example stroke can paralise and affect one side of the body (arm, leg) and make that side weak. People who had stroke very often have to learn how to walk again, very often they drag one leg because they lost control over it. Also dexterity is affected at the same time one arm is paralised so they can’t hold cutlery properly, do buttons or zip ups. On the other hand mobility and exercises contibute to recovering and person’s wellbeing. Another condition that can affect mobility is Urinary Tract Infection. Often people are unsteady on their feet or even stop walking at all. Also constipation can affect people’s mobility, experiencing pain can stop them from mobilising and make them reluctant to move or participate In social life. On the other hand decreased mobility affects constipation by making it worse. Also other conditions like loss of sight or hearing affect mobility quite profoundly and make people more vulnerable. 1.3 Outline the effects that reduced mobility may have on an individual’s wellbeing Physical effects like being prone to pressure sores or constipation...
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...In America we have something called the American dream. To us the American dream is for everyone to be able to be financially stable and be able to maintain a good stature. The dream is for everyone to be able to maintain a social rank that can make you respectable. If you want to be well respected in America you have to have a good job if you aren’t you’re portrayed as a failure. When you’re a failure you are not apart of the American dream and are placed in the category of the ones who disappoint. After Analyzing “From Ragged Dick” by Horatio Alger and “Horatio Alger” by Harlon Dalton as they argued against each other on social mobility and economic prosperity as they express different views . After analyzing both readings and considering...
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