...Reading the Novel in English 1950–2000 i RTNA01 1 13/6/05, 5:28 PM READING THE NOVEL General Editor: Daniel R. Schwarz The aim of this series is to provide practical introductions to reading the novel in both the British and Irish, and the American traditions. Published Reading the Modern British and Irish Novel 1890–1930 Reading the Novel in English 1950–2000 Daniel R. Schwarz Brian W. Shaffer Forthcoming Reading the Eighteenth-Century Novel Paula R. Backscheider Reading the Nineteenth-Century Novel Harry E. Shaw and Alison Case Reading the American Novel 1780–1865 Shirley Samuels Reading the American Novel 1865–1914 G. R. Thompson Reading the Twentieth-Century American Novel James Phelan ii RTNA01 2 13/6/05, 5:28 PM Reading the Novel in English 1950–2000 Brian W. Shaffer iii RTNA01 3 13/6/05, 5:28 PM © 2006 by Brian W. Shaffer BLACKWELL PUBLISHING 350 Main Street, Malden, MA 02148-5020, USA 9600 Garsington Road, Oxford OX4 2DQ, UK 550 Swanston Street, Carlton, Victoria 3053, Australia The right of Brian W. Shaffer to be identified as the Author of this Work has been asserted in accordance with the UK Copyright, Designs, and Patents Act 1988. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, except as permitted by the UK Copyright, Designs, and...
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...Bergson came up with theories, which opposed the idea of time as an objective reality. According to them, time is never objective because it always depends on private experience of an individual. They claimed that time, like human consciousness, cannot be seen as linear, moving from one moment to the next, because time in human mind changes constatntly. It moves without any logic or reason from present to past and future. Simply, in our mind past, present and future can be experienced at the same moment. In his theory of duration, Henri Bergson explains that there are two times: private, or internal time, which is the real authentic time, and standard, public or clock time, which is, in fact, a mere social, artificial construct.[1] Modernist writers, such as James Joyce or Virginia Woolf were fascinated by the theories of time, which influenced greatly their works. In Mrs Dalloway, (1925), which may be considered 'the first important work of the literary period initiated by Ulysses'[2], Woolf is concerned with both, public and private time. In Mrs Dalloway, the public, or the clock time, is represented by the striking of Big Ben, the symbol of England and the precise time. The striking of the hours is repeated throughout the novel as a reminder of time, which restricts the lives of the characters, reminding them constantly of the time and their life passing, of their mortality. Clarsissa Dalloway and Peter Walsh are in their middle ages, period of lives, when they tend...
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...Experiment in Modernist Fiction Modernism is a current which defines everything that is new in matters of art, literature or music. The main focus of our interest is modernist literature which is a subdivision of modernism and begins during the early stages of the 20th century, being seen in opposition to the traditional values promoted until the first World War. Many branches develop during this period (psychology, philosophy, political institutions etc.) and the realism of the earlier times is now rejected and replaced by the idea that everything is relative. Things take a new shift and the absolute truths vanish, leaving room for multiple interpretations and personalized opinions which are presented now, in writing. But how can one define something that has no clear conclusion? An element of this sort cannot have a finality, therefore, it is understood according to one’s personal background and experience. Modernist literature will always raise serious issues concerning the purpose and form of literature, questioning its former aspects. What are the reasons for writing a novel and what should a novel consist of? For example, the notion of “novel” becomes ambiguous in the mind of Virginia Woolf, who declared after writing “Mrs. Dalloway” that “I’m glad to be quit this time of writing a novel, and hope never to be accused of it again.” Next to Virginia Woolf which is believed to be one of the greatest modern authors, the faithful readers come across names like James Joyce...
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...Modernism was a transition time period that introduced a new perspective on a bigger picture. In the late 19th century cultures began to change causing the era of modernism to arise. The bigger perspective was based solely upon government and the different view points people had. In "Chicago" by Carl Sanburg, the poem expresses how everything in life is so routine and expected. "They tell me you are wicked and I believe them... They tell me you are crooked and I answer: yes" (Sanburg 733). Everything seems so uniform and modernism is the complete opposite. Modernism breaks the rules that are set to express creativity and passion within work. The movement is inspired by the power of government that established such a routine, that now the people...
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...ASSIGNMENT MODERNIST SHORT STORY Submitted By: Steffy Johnson 11/PELA/026 INTRODUCTION Modernist literature is the literary expression of the tendencies of Modernism, especially High modernism. Modernistic art and literature normally revolved around the idea of individualism, mistrust of institutions mainly government and religion, and the disbelief of any absolute truths. Modernism as a literary movement reached its height in Europe between 1900 and the middle 1920s. Modernist literature addressed to aesthetic problems and can be viewed largely in terms of its formal, stylistic and semantic movement away from Romanticism, examining subject matter that is traditionally mundane. It often features a marked pessimism, a clear rejection of the optimism apparent in Victorian literature. It attempted to move from the bonds of Realist literature and to introduce concepts such as disjointed timelines. Modernism as a literary movement is seen, in large part, as a reaction to the emergence of city life as a central force in society. Furthermore, an early attention to the object as freestanding became in later Modernism a preoccupation with form. Modernist writers were more acutely conscious of the objectivity of their surroundings. The most prominent modernist authors are: T. S. Eliot, W. B. Yeats, Virginia Woolf, James Joyce, D. H. Lawrence, E. M. Forster, Ernest Hemingway, Joseph Conrad, Franz Kafka, Knut Hamsun, Gertrude Stein, Mikhail Bulgakov, MarcelProust, John Steinbeck...
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...governed by God's will, and that each person and thing in this world had a specific use. 3 MODERNISM was a cultural movement which rebelled against Victorian colonization views. VICTORIANS saw the world as neatly divided between ‘civilized’ and ‘savage’ peoples. The civilized were those from industrialized nations, cash-based economies, Protestant Christian traditions, and patriarchal societies; the savage were those from agrarian or huntergatherer tribes, barter-based economies, pagan or totemistic traditions, and matriarchal (or at least unmanly societies). 4 MODERNISTS weighed humanism over nationalism and argued for cultural relativism. MODERNISTS emphasized the ways in which humans were part of and responsible to nature. MODERNISTS argued for multiple ways of looking at the world and blurred the Victorian dichotomies by presenting antiheroes and other uncategorizable characters. MODERNISTS challenged the idea...
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...with war even in modern times. Wallace Stevens’ poem, “The Death of a Soldier” portrays that death as instant and dispassionate for the falling Soldier; he metaphorically compares it to the season of autumn because leaves falls from the tree branches with discomfiture. Just as the Soldier falls in battle field, the leaf in autumn falls swiftly without any memorials because nobody mourns. Wallace stated that “As in a season of autumn. The soldier falls. He does not become a three-day personage, imposing his separation, calling for pomp.” This declaration echoes that no expectation of memorial is mandatory when a Soldier dies during his patriotic act of fighting for his country instead they are quickly forgotten. His view as a modernist poet about the life and death of a soldier is metaphysical in meaning since he believes that death is not in any way a life event that is celebrated for or by any fallen Soldier. William Faulkner’s poem “Two Soldier” relatively regarded war as though inevitable gives the opportunity for one to show his dedication and patriotism towards his own country but when one dies fighting for his country, he is forgotten because war victims (Soldier(s) has no glory attach to death. He also depicted two brothers (Pete and the narrator) who loved each other so much that nothing will separate them but when the older brother Pete...
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...Q3: Characterization in To the Lighthouse is presented in terms of multiple perspectives. Elaborate on this statement demonstrating the influence of this method of presenting on characterization in the novel and significance of the modernist style of writing which emphasizes the alternation between consciousnesses of character. To the Lighthouse is considered as one of Virginia Woolf most famous novels. The story deals with the Ramsay family experiences while staying at their home in Cornwall. In To the Lighthouse novel, the main concern is within Mrs. Ramsay’s thoughts and emotions. The narrator in the novel introduces to us a very different world than the one we’re living in: the world inside somebody else’s head. Woolf chose to write this novel in a very strange and complex way using unfamiliar techniques. This unique technique of writing was achieved with the use of the multiple perspective and the stream of consciousness techniques. Each character in the novel is presented through multiple perspectives. Thus, the readers cannot decide on a single interpretation or agree on the same analysis for each character. Mrs. Ramsay. For example, is a charmingly good woman with good personality, yet she is concerned with the other characters’ lives and ends up interfering in them a lot. She also cares for everybody, considering her own thoughts and ignoring others’, and this is clear when she advises Lily to marry William Banke, an old friend of the Ramsay family. This shows...
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...Prosecuting Argument Paper Team C: CJA/354 August 26, 2013 Prosecuting Argument Paper Enough evidence was obtained to make the arrest of Mr. Dents. The state has now charged Stu Dents with the following: Homicide, assault of a police officer, kidnapping, burglary, and crimes related to drugs. Homicide is “The killing of one human being by the act, procurement, or omission of another human being” (Schmalleger, 2010). Murder is a type of homicide. Below is the Georgia state law on murder. Murder; felony murder: A person commits the offense of murder when he unlawfully and with malice aforethought, either express or implied, causes the death of another human being. Express malice is that deliberate intention unlawfully to take the life of another human being which is manifested by external circumstances capable of proof. Malice shall be implied where no considerable provocation appears and where all the circumstances of the killing show an abandoned and malignant heart. A person convicted of the offense of murder shall be punished by death, by imprisonment for life without parole, or by imprisonment for life ("Georgia Code", 2013). On October 18th, two eyewitnesses said the defendant Stu Dents entered into apartment number 156, which was the victim’s apartment. Uma Opee’s body was found October 19th; it was located behind an abandoned building, which is approximately 5 miles from her residence...
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...CRIME AGAINST PERSON The article that I pick was, “Hate crime data incomplete due partly to varying police reporting practices”. This week, the FBI reported a 2% increase in hate crimes in 2008, as compared to the previous year. While hate crimes are an important problem in the United States (and abroad), this reported increase itself should be grounds for neither particular concern nor comfort. The reason for this is that the FBI data give us an incomplete picture at best. While federal law requires the FBI to collect hate crime data from local law enforcement agencies, the agencies themselves are not generally required to keep track of hate crimes. Most do - and more did during 2008 than 2007, which may help account for the increase in reported incidents - but some still do not. Even among the agencies that do report hate crimes, however, the accuracy and completeness of the reporting differs a great deal. In a study I conducted several years ago, for example, I found that San Francisco reported nearly ten times as many hate crimes per year as its similarly-sized neighbor to the south, San Jose. A large part of this difference was likely due to the cities' differing approaches to recording and handling hate crimes. At the time, for instance, San Francisco had a bias crime unit and San Jose did not. Other researchers have found very much the same thing in other places; whether a particular incident gets reported as a hate crime may depend a great deal on the policies...
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...Hate Crimes Against African-American Tonja Charletta Cash 4/29/12 Hate Crimes Against African Americans Two African-American, 16 year old girls were walking home from a school function. They were walking through a predominately white neighborhood. One was wearing her school cheerleading outfit and the other was wearing a hoodie, and it was covering her head. Which one will be racially profiled? Hate crimes happen in small towns and large cities. They happen in every state: north, south, east, and west. They involve everything from simple graffiti to brutal murders. They may be called hate crimes, bias crimes, civil rights crimes, or ethnic intimidation. Hate crimes are crimes committed because of the race, releigion, sexual orientation, or other group memebership of the victim. The precise groups that are included in the definition of hate crime vary from jurisdiction to jurisdiction. African-Americans have been targeted for generations. There have been many white against black crimes, and police against black crimes. Has there been any improvement in the last 50 years? Racially motivated attacks agaist African-Americans rose more than 8% in 2008. While crimes...
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...Crime In the US As crime rates in the categories of robbery, larceny, murder, rape and motor vehicle theft rise, so does violence against women. In the United States every one in three women have been beaten, coerced into sex or otherwise abused in their lifetime. Violence against women should be a zero tolerance law, like underage drinking. Every nine seconds in the US a woman is beaten by a man in their life. This is very unacceptable. Also, on average, more than three women everyday in the United States are murdered by a boyfriend or husband. As crime goes up in the United States women are even more endangered by any man in their life because they are more vulnerable to getting angrier and like to hit and punch women so hard sometimes it kills them. Women from ages 20 to 34 are at the highest risk for domestic violence. Only about one in five domestic violence against women cases seek professional care because women are to scared to turn the partner in for hurting them. The reason so many women don’t turn their partners in for domestic violence is because of the fact that so many men get angrier and hurt them worse later. Sexual violence against women starts very early in life. 54 percent of all rapes against women happen before the age of 18 and occur as early as before the age of 12. There was an estimated 10% - 20% of emergency room visits from women who had been hurt or violated by an intimate partner resulting in a domestic violence case. Domestic crime...
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...Betty Waltermire Crime and Criminology JUS-110 January 18, 2014 Sexuality and Hate Crimes A hate crime is an act of abusing an individual because they are convenient, vulnerable targets incapable of fighting back or will not fight back. People in this category may include homeless, gay men, lesbian women, transgender, transsexuals, and transvestites. These are specific crimes that drive a person by violence or a strong and selfish desire to severely injure or kill a person because of who they are or what they stand for. From coast to coast and throughout America’s heartland the murders of innocent people are occurring because they are different. They may or may not look any different than anyone else in your school, in college, at work or your neighbor. They are our sons, daughters, sisters, brothers, cousins, mothers, fathers that are gay, lesbian, transgender, transsexual that are being targeted, beaten severely, and killed. Anna Marie Lambert drove up the driveway to the rented farmhouse to visit her daughter and grandson. Inside the house she found the grisly, brutal, bloody scene and called the police. She took the grandson away from the bedroom and out to the kitchen away from the bodies. The male on the living room couch was identified as Phillip DeVine, 19. In the bedroom was the body of her daughter Lisa Lambert, 24, who was partly under the covers. The third...
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...Born in El Paso, Texas on February 28, 1960, Richard Ramirez was an American serial killer. The youngest of seven children born to Mercedes and Julian Ramirez. Richard was known for the “Night Stalker.” Ramirez would break into Californian homes, raping and tortured more than twenty five victims, and killing at least thirteen, over a two year rampage. Richard had a troubled childhood by spending all his time with his cousin Michael. Michael was a Vietnam veteran who enjoyed killing and raping the Vietnamese women for his entertainment. Michael showed him photographs of himself raping a Vietnamese woman. The last picture was the same rape victims severed head, held by Michael in his hand. Later Michael taught him how to hold and shoot a gun. One day, Michael got in a fight with his girlfriend and he ended up killing her. Richard saw the whole thing and Michael was sent to jail for seven years. Ramirez's criminal record began in 1977, when he was placed in juvenile detention for a string of petty crimes. He also received a probationary sentence in 1982 for marijuana possession. He soon moved to San Francisco, California, and then to Los Angeles, progressing to cocaine addiction and burglary, and cultivating an interest in weapons and Satanism. While in California his criminal record became increasing by time, from being a rapist person to killing people he sometimes didn’t even know. Theft turned to violence in 1984. Ramirez's first known murder took place on June 28, 1984;...
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...Individual Project 3 SSCI210-1301B-04: Sociology April 19, 2013 Abstract This paper will talk about the profile of a typical individual that creates hate crimes. It will also give some targets and victims of these hate crimes. It will talk about causes and effects of these hate crimes, and the actions that can be taken to minimize the occurrence of hate crimes. Usually hate crimes are committed by young juvenile men between the ages of 16-25. Most hate crimes are committed by organized groups, but some are committed by individuals (articlesfactory.com/articles/writing/hate-crimes-are-a-tragic-part-of-american-history.html). Hate crime perpetrators are usually prejudiced when it comes to someone’s race, sexual orientation, religion preference, etc... When I think of people that commit hate crimes I think of someone that narrow-minded or full of hatred. There are usually two main types of perpetrators. The first one is people that are under the influence of alcohol, drugs that like to do things for the thrill of it. People that hatred and anger built up things of this nature can manifest and strike up it can lead to a hate crime. The second type is people who are mission motivated ones that are on a mission to rid the world of minorities. These people are also ones that take special instructions and are committed to well thought out organized hate crimes. In both of these situations or in any hate crime the perpetrators usually lack any kind of empathy or...
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