...Barack Obama Barack Obama was born on August 4, 1961 in Honolulu, Hawaii. He was born to a bi-racial couple. His father was an immigrant from Kenya. His mother was from Kansas. When he was two years old, his parents separated later divorcing. His father remarried and relocated the family to Jakarta, Indonesia. His mother had some concerns for his safety and education, so at the age of 10, Barak was sent to live with grandparents in Hawaii. Barack Obama grew up in a middle-class upbringing with a strong sense of family and the value of education. Through his adolescence, he struggled with the absence of his father. He was uncertain personal and racial identity. His father’s failed aspirations and absence became a cautionary tale of life for him. Obama has been quoted saying “Every man is either trying to live up to his father’s expectations or making up his mistakes.” Excelling in school and basketball, he graduated High school from Pun haw academy in 1979 with honors. He then went on to attend Columbia University. He graduated with a degree in political science. In 1988, he attended Harvard Law School. While at Harvard, he met his wife, Michelle. They settled down in Chicago, where Obama practiced as a civil rights lawyer. This is where he began his political career. He began a helping as an organized for registration drive during Bill Clinton’s presidential campaign. In, 2000, Obama made an unsuccessful Democratic primary run for the U.S. House of Representatives...
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...Chapter 1 Developing Self-Awareness True/False Questions Key Dimensions of Self-Awareness 1. Self-awareness is at the foundation of personal life management skills. True (page 58, easy, recall) If false, why? The Enigma of Self-Awareness 2. Empirical evidence indicates that people who are more self-aware are healthier, perform better in leadership roles, and are more productive at work. True (page 59, easy, recall) If false, why? 3. The concept of sensitive line refers to the point at which individuals welcome information about themselves from their co-workers. False (page 59, moderate, recall) If false, why? The concept of sensitive line refers to the point at which people become defensive or protective of information about themselves 4. Marvin consistently finds fault with Alicia’s competence as a manager. Because Alicia has been told she is doing a good job and therefore responds in a threat rigid way. Thus, her most likely response will be to defend herself in light of Marvin’s accusations. True (page 60, moderate, understanding) If false, why? 5. Self-awareness can be managed by exercising minimal control over when and what kind of information one receives about oneself and by not involving others in the pursuit of self-understanding. False (page 60, moderate, understanding) If false, why? It requires more than minimal control. Understanding and Appreciating...
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...INTRODUCTION LAW FOUNDATION LAW AND … 1. LOGIC 2. SCIENCE 3. THEORY 4. SOCIAL PROBLEMS LAW FOUNDATION Critical = informed and logical Responsible = social equity Creative = independent and considered Interrelations -- with other disciplines and institutions Historical, philosophical, economic, political and social context == acquaintance with historical development of theory Contemporary social issues: · Terrorism · Refugees · Crime and punishment Historical context John Locke? Karl Marx? LOGIC What is wrong with this statement? In the war on terror, you are either with us or against us Which of the following is sound? All men have hair I have hair Therefore I am a man All men have hair I am a man Therefore I have hair Logic definitions Logic = science that evaluates arguments Argument = group of statements, with premises claimed to support conclusions [also inference] Statement = sentence that is either true or false [also proposition] Premise = statement setting forth reasons or evidence Conclusion = statement that the evidence is claimed to support or imply Arguments and non-arguments Arguments must have a factual claim and an inferential claim. The following are not arguments: · warnings or advice · belief or opinion · loosely associated statements · factual reports · explanations · illustrations · conditional statements Deduction and induction ...
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...Frankenstein Science AO2 Unrestrained scientific desire: ‘they penetrate into the recesses of nature and show how she works in her hiding places’ • ‘they ascend into the heavens’ ‘new and almost unlimited powers’ ‘penetrate’ ‘command’ ‘mimic’ • ‘with fervour’ • ‘performed miracles’ • ‘unfold to the world the deepest mysteries of creation’ • ‘secret’ ‘hidden laws’ • How dangerous is the acquirement of knowledge’ Power: ‘as if my soul were grappling with a powerful enemy’ • ‘like a hurricane’ ‘pour a torrent of light’ • ‘pursued’ ‘unremitting ardour’ ‘clung’ ‘dedicated myself’ ‘secret toil’ ‘tremble’ ‘tortured’ • ‘one pursuit’ • ‘tread a land never before imprinted by the foot of man’ • ‘I preferred glory’ • ‘until from the midst of this darkness a sudden light broke in upon me- a light so brilliant and wondrous’ Lack of Morality: Transgression against God he mocks the power of the creator ‘torrents of light’ ‘a new species would bless me as its creator and source’ ‘many happy and excellent natures would owe their being to me’ • ‘eyes insensible to the charms of nature’ • ‘Labours’ scientist in being able to mimic and usurp traditional creation methods; existence of an immortal soul? • Responsibility for creation image reinforced ‘inarticulate sounds’ Pursuit: ‘deeply smitten with the thirst for knowledge’ • ‘Pursuit for discovery and wonder’ attracted to the tree of knowledge ‘eternal light’ back to biblical times, tree of knowledge...
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...Academy of Management Journal 2013, Vol. 56, No. 4, 1002–1023. http://dx.doi.org/10.5465/amj.2010.0960 POWER, MORAL CLARITY, AND PUNISHMENT IN THE WORKPLACE SCOTT S. WILTERMUTH University of Southern California FRANCIS J. FLYNN Stanford University We propose that power increases how severely people punish transgressors. Further, we argue that this greater severity stems from an increased sense of moral clarity instilled by the psychological experience of power. We investigate the linkages among power, moral clarity, and punishment across multiple studies. Individuals with an increased sense of power advocated more severe punishments for transgressors than did those with a diminished sense of power. Further, moral clarity mediated the link between power and severity of punishment. We discuss the implications of these findings for managers in organizations and researchers interested in punitive reactions to moral transgressions. Ethical standards of professional conduct often are implicit or tacitly held (Flynn & Wiltermuth, 2010; Haidt, 2001; Turiel, 2002), making it difficult for members of organizations to know which types of behavior are permissible and which are not (Treviño, 1986). Although many employees can and do seek guidance on moral matters from colleagues (Treviño, 1990), the advice they receive often varies according to whom they ask. Coworkers can send mixed signals about what constitutes morally appropriate behavior. Indeed, the viewpoints expressed by top...
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...Sarkozy made a statement claiming that religious face veils were “not welcome” in France because they goes against the country’s secular values ("French Senate Bans Burqa: Bill awaits President Nicholas Sarkozy’s signature" September 14, 2010). This essentially sparked the discussion and consideration of a banning on religious face veils, namely traditional Muslim burqas and niqabs. The rationale behind the banning is that it not only goes against the countries secular values of equality and dignity, but it also “imprisons women” and causes a safety issue for the citizens of the country (Ristici April 11, 2011). While freedom of religion and religious expression is practiced in France, the law under which the ban exists was passed with the reasoning that it made the nation’s citizen to feel threatened therefore going against the Declaration of Human Rights and of the Citizen, which states that the actions of one individual cannot impede the well-being of another. While the grounds of this law may seem to be in the best interest of the French citizens, one would have to wonder if these are the sole intentions of this new bill. One could easily argue both cases whether it is that the...
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...Module: Risk Management and Assurance ACCT 627 Introduction The Lucifer effect describes Philip Zimbardo’s experiment in 1971 in which college students under took the roles of guards and prisoners in a study that was originally intended to examine how prisoners would adapt to prison life. However, the study took on a different focus as the behaviour of the guards (and authoritative figures) become a key point of interest. Before the study commenced, participants were dutifully screened for abnormal psychological traits and were randomly assigned the roles of prisoners and guards. The experiment was to be conducted over two weeks with Zimbardo himself dual hatting as a prison supervisor and that of a researcher. Steps were taken conceal the identities of the guards, to create a sense of anonymity and deindividuation. The students were not given any form of training on how to perform as normal prison guard and rules were poorly defined. As part of the study process, the counts sessions were simply intended as a role call and to ensure that the prisoners were made aware of their identification numbers and the rules. However, the count sessions very quickly became abusive from the first day. The sessions went beyond the intended duration, during which prisoners were humiliated, physically abused, psychologically weakened and punished without reason. At one point, the abuse even turned sexual in nature. As a result of the rapid escalation of abuse, the study was terminated...
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...In essence, identity is built on alterity. Furthermore, it is pertinent to note that the identity of a state is more than just something that is derived from a process of contradistinction. It is not a stable, single unitary “I”. It is a condition that has depth, is multilayered, possesses texture and comprises many dimensions. (Campbell, 1998) The identity of the state is also constantly in flux, being shaped constantly by both external and internal forces. With the process of globalization, the divide between the state and the international system is sometimes blurred and complicates the task of separating the two. As such, the borders are not just narrow topographical lines, but instead, are shifting horizons marked by flux and ambiguity. (Campbell, 1998) 1) Realism According to the realist perspective, a state’s foreign policy is a consequence of pressures emanating from the distribution of...
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...LEGAL METHODS OUTLINE COMMON LAW REASONING • Role of precedent • Law is not unchanging • Distinguishing cases based on the individual facts to come to new conclusions o Judges give more or less weight to different factors • Narrow/broad interpretations of common law rulings • Rules vs. Standards o Rules: more stringent result (binding) ▪ DEMAND that a decision maker respond a certain way to the presence of triggering facts. ▪ ROL is ostensibly neutral and general; however ▪ Severe impartiality can lead to inhumane results (Think Palsgraf and ct costs) ▪ Consider: The Restatement has no precedential power…do cts sometimes neglect careful analysis of problems b/c of their willingness to defer to the restatement? ▪ Bright line rules: The more the law is settled, the more likely it is that people won’t litigate. Highly predictable outcomes. o Standard: more general interpretation (more leeway in end result) ▪ If there are multiple criteria for analyzing the law, almost always use the standards approach. ▪ direct application of a background principle or policy ▪ Standards mean that there will probably be a lot more for the jury to decide (their sympathies come into play) • Legal doctrines that collide => different levels of generality o Deciding the facts that turn the case • Power...
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...from UN texts and their translations (hereafter EAPCOUNT). While it seems that ‘destruction’ is monosemous, it turns out, after exploring its occurrences, to be highly polysemous and shows a case of complementary polysemy, where a number of alternations can be captured. These findings are broadly in line with the results reached in recent developments in lexical semantics, and more particularly the Generative Lexicon (GL) theory developed by James Pustejovsky. Some concrete suggestions are made at the end on how to enhance the relation between linguists and translators and their mutual cooperation. Key words: Lexical semantics, corpus linguistics, translation studies, complementary polysemy, coercion, parallel corpora, lexical ambiguities Résumé: Le présent article aborde un sujet à la croisée des études de traduction, de la sémantique lexicale et de la linguistique de corpus. Son objectif général est de montrer comment les études de traduction pourraient tirer profit des travaux de la sémantique lexicale et de la linguistique de corpus, également afin de faire se « rapprocher » linguistes et traducteurs...
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...ADMS 3660 MIDTERM NOTES Chapter 1 and Parable of the Sandhu Case * Watched video on Disney and how they treat employees, work is a performance etc. * Ethics is the study of morality * Morality refers to the standards that an individual or group has about what is right/wrong, good/evil. * Business Ethics concentrates on moral standards as they apply to business policies, institutions, and behaviour * Corporate Social Responsibility refers specifically to a description and moral evaluation of the impact than an organization has on society * Ethics can be a business constraint “ethics costs” but also an advantage “ethics pays” 1970 – 1985: Rise of business ethics (academia) 1985 – 1995: Ethics into firms 1995 – 2000: Internationalization 2000 – 2012: Corporate Scandals and government regulation * Ethics Scandal Costs: Fines, lawsuits, prison, investor losses, bankruptcies, unemployment, and increased regulation * Market Morality: Will everyone invest their money as agreed or will greed effect them? * Parable of the Sandhu Ethics vs. the law Unclear over moral responsibility Easier to say what is morally right than to do it * Employees value health and safety ethics Consumers value product safety Shareholders want return on investment Need to look at environment * Macroenvironment: social, economic, political, technological factors * Our society is pluralistic in nature * Pluralism: there is diffusion of...
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...7 Step Case Analysis Copyright infringement has been a recurrent ethical issue that has revealed its presence in a multitude of industries throughout the realm of business for numerous years now. Of the thousands of products that have been reproduced and distributed without the authorized use of the copyright holder, it can be argued that the downloading of music is one of the most controversial matters pertaining to this era of mass internet usage. One of the most significant examples of such a case can be found in the Napster copyright infringement that occurred early in the twenty-first century. Napster proves to be a unique and worthy example for the reason being that the online file sharing service had been recognized to directly infringe the exclusive rights of artistes by freely distributing their musical projects online. Napster was developed in 1999 by Sean Fanning and Sean Parker, and it served as an independent, internet-based peer-to-peer file sharing service. The service used digital technology that created the opportunity for users to transmit and retain sound recordings. The service quickly gained immense popularity especially among students across the United States, who became the largest proportion of Napster’s subscribers. As Napster’s reputation grew, several recording companies such as A&M via the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA) began to contest Napster, in order to regain dominance in the music industry. This...
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...ANG TEK LIAN, Petitioner, v. THE COURT OF APPEALS, Respondent. EN BANC [G.R. No. L-2516. September 25, 1950.] ANG TEK LIAN, Petitioner, v. THE COURT OF APPEALS, Respondent. Laurel, Sabido, Almario & Laurel, for Petitioner. Solicitor General Felix Bautista Angelo and Solicitor Manuel Tomacruz, for Respondent. SYLLABUS 1. CRIMINAL LAW; ESTAFA" ; ISSUING CHECK WITH INSUFFICIENT BANK DEPOSIT TO COVER THE SAME. — One who issues a check payable to cash to accomplish deceit and knows that at the time had no sufficient deposit with the bank to cover the amount of the check and without informing the payee of such circumstances, is guilty of estafa as provided by article 315, paragraph (d), subsection 2 of the Revised Penal Code. 2. NEGOTIABLE INSTRUMENTS; CHECK DRAWN PAYABLE TO THE ORDER OF "CASH" ; INDORSEMENT. — A check payable to the order of "cash to the person presenting it for payment without the drawer’s indorsement. D E C I S I O N BENGZON, J.: For having issued a rubber check, Ang Tek Lian was convicted of estafa in the Court of First Instance of Manila. The Court of Appeals affirmed the verdict. It appears that, knowing he had no funds therefor, Ang Tek Lian drew on Saturday, November 16, 1946, the check Exhibit A upon the China Banking Corporation for the sum of P4,000, payable to the order of "cash." He delivered it to Lee Hua Hong in exchange for money which the latter handed in the act. On November 18, 1946, the next business day, the...
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...individuals and that dispositional creativity is a better predictor of unethical behavior than intelligence (Experiment 1). In addition, we find that participants who were primed to think creatively were more likely to behave dishonestly than those in a control condition (Experiment 2) and that greater ability to justify their dishonest behavior explained the link between creativity and increased dishonesty (Experiments 3 and 4). Finally, we demonstrate that dispositional creativity moderates the influence of temporarily priming creativity on dishonest behavior (Experiment 5). The results provide evidence for an association between creativity and dishonesty, thus highlighting a dark side of creativity. Keywords: creativity, ethics, morality, moral flexibility, unethical behavior Evil always turns up in this world through some genius or other. —Denis Diderot (1713–1784) The ability to generate novel ideas and think creatively about problems has long been considered an important skill for individuals as well as for organizations and societies. Creative thinking allows individuals to solve problems effectively (Mumford & Gustafson, 1988) and to remain flexible (Flach, 1990) so that they can cope with the opportunities and changes in their day-to-day lives (Runco, 2004). At a more macro...
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...it was easy to see that his heart was not in his work. He resorted to shoddy workmanship and used inferior materials. It was an unfortunate way to end his career. When the carpenter finished his work and the builder came to inspect the house, the contractor handed over the house key to the carpenter. “This is your house,” he said, “it is my parting gift to you.” What a shock! What a Shame! If only he had known he was building his own house, he would have done it all so differently. Now he had to live in the home he built none too well. (Modified from LIVING WITH HONOUR by SHIV KHERA) Do we find ourselves in similar situations as the carpenter? Moving through our work hours fast paced, driven to “get the job done”, without much thought to moral values. How do we regain our focus as individuals and organizations? This is the challenge for the employee and the employer. Ethics are fundamental standards of conduct by which we work as a professional. VALUES Values are individual in nature. Values are comprised of personal concepts of responsibility, entitlement and respect. Values are shaped by personal experience, may change over the span of a lifetime and may be influenced by lessons learned. Values may vary according to an individual‟s cultural, ethnic and/or faithbased background. “Never change your core values.” In spite of all the change...
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