...The political era was from 1840-1920. The name for this era is due to “the close association between police and political leaders. With this era the “political corruption flourished”. Coming from the fact I live in Illinois, which I believe is the most corrupt state there is, this has definitely played in a negative way in today’s system. During the political era Boston had the “first formal police department”. It was 1844, when “New York established the first police force offering 24 hour protection”. During the era is also when the Chicago police department was established, they also had the great Chicago fire and they hired women for their police force. Finally for the political era and how it has affected the system today. I still see corruption being a big issue at least in my state, were at least once or twice a year we are hearing about another political person doing something wrong. The most recent being our former Governor Blagojevich, who was trying to sell President Obama’s senate seat for a profit. So in my eyes the political era played and is still playing a negative role in today’s society. The reform era took place after the political era and it lasted from 1920-1970. During this era “reformers attempted to redefine the role and function of the police. While this era was happening the police seemed to be trying to turn things around and gain some professionalism. It was the twentieth century when the reform era started to gain some momentum and...
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...Communists and Democrats have exercised different systems of government in order to stay in power or gain power by offering huge economic reforms in order to appease the masses or to keep most important sectors of society prosperous and content. Although historians would argue that in many of these cases change occurred for political reasons, it is equally as easy to argue, if not more so, that at the heart of every issue that caused or had the potential to cause revolution were underlying economic motives, either for the common man or the ruling elite. This on-going theme of economic concessions can be seen at various points throughout the past hundred years and proved a key factor to the longevity of the regimes in charge. The first such example of this post-1900 occurred after the 1905 Revolution. Despite The October Manifesto in 1905 which granted political freedoms, little of which benefitted the peasantry, It was Stolypin’s reforms as Prime Minister for Nicholas II that achieved most after the 1905 revolution, quelling the peasant threat that had emerged prior to the revolution and afterwards, much more so than the introduction of the Dumas - representative assemblies granted in the October Manifesto. Similarly Lenin’s New Economic Plan dealt with the ever increasing militant peasantry created during the civil war. These huge reforms to a more capitalist economy were at the cost of political objectives, but were vital in sustaining the Bolsheviks newly found power. ...
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...greatest successes in the norther part of the United States has led many historians to correlate feminism with abolitionism (Weinberg 92). The Nineteenth Amendment was signed on August 26th, 1920, that was a turn for women earning their chances to vote. The smallest, most revolutionary group, led by Alice Paul and the National Woman’s Party saw the suffrage victory as the first step in the fight to win fully equality for women (Brown 50). “Leaders of the women’s suffrage movement hoped that the ratification of the nineteenth amendment in 1920 would give women a clear voice in the political...
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...Auditing has been around since the beginning of human civilization, focusing mainly, at first, on finding fraud. As the United States grew, the business world grew, and auditing began to play more important roles. In the late 1800’s and early 1900’s, people began to invest money into large corporations. The Stock Market crash of 1929 and various scandals made auditors realize that their roles in society were very important. Scandals and stock market crashes made auditors aware of deficiencies in auditing, and the auditing community was always quick to fix those deficiencies. The auditors’ job became more difficult as the accounting principles changed, and became easier with the use of internal controls. These controls introduced the need for testing; not an in-depth detailed audit. Auditing jobs would have to change to meet the changing business world. The invention of computers impacted the auditors’ world by making their job at times easier and at times making their job more difficult. Finally, the auditors’ job of certifying and testing companies’ financial statements is the backbone of the business world. Introduction Auditing has been the backbone of the complicated business world and has always changed with the times. As the business world grew strong, auditors’ roles grew more important. The auditors’ job became more difficult as the accounting principles changed. It also became easier with the use of internal controls, which introduced the need for testing, not a complete...
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...Cultural Conflicts of The 1920s Throughout the 1920s the United States faced harsh cultural conflicts including controversies with race and immigration. First, in the years leading up to the 1920s racial tension began to rapidly cultivate due to a multitude of reasons including the rapid change in the racial demographic of the northern economy, which up until that point had been principally white. African Americans who had fought in World War I had additionally began to express their want for civil rights due to their contributions in Europe in the war. The previous actions caused the eruption of violence from white mobs in several areas. One of the first cities to see the eruption of violence was Tulsa, Oklahoma which had contained the wealthiest African American business community in the Southwest. The violence commenced after a 19-year-old African American man was accused of assaulting a white female elevator operator which would give rise to a substantial amount of violence in which the number of killed and injured is not completely known with an approximate by the state of Oklahoma stating that 26 African Americans killed, 10 Caucasian killed, and 317 injured. Following the events in Tulsa on New Year’s Day 1923 the small African American settlement in Rosewood, Florida was attacked by a white mob believed to be from Georgia. The death toll from the incident has varying accounts with some newspapers reporting seven deaths and others 21.Hence, the early 1920s began the years of...
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...History’s Influence on Women History has cultivated and paved the way for women and their rights, since the mid 1800s, and now in 2014. Presently women have more rights and nearing equality each day, thanks to the fights in early American History. Although women currently are still struggling with equality in the United States, history has opened the door has lead the cause for change and the women’s rights movement. Women had to fight through difficult times to get through discrimination in the 19th century. In the past, women did not have the rights and freedoms as most men and were treated harshly. Women had almost no rights at all. They were not allowed to vote, they could not hold a place in public offices, were not equal or have the same opportunities as men. As a result, women were often seen as homemakers, nothing else. Women were looked down upon, if they expressed their voices or sot after equality or opportunities that often men would. Women were inferior to men in many different ways. Women did not have any property rights and once she was married, she was no longer allowed to own any land or property. A man could sell his house and take all the money for himself, and leave his wife and child behind with nothing. During this time, women were often seen as nonexistent people, they were not recognized as people. Nor where they recognized by the government equally. The women’s rights movement helped them throughout the country by passing laws that would entitle...
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...Progressive Era through the Great Depression History 105 The Progressive Era Around the 1910’s, most Americans were anxious about the rapid economic and social changes that confronted the United States, including industrialization, the rise of powerful corporations, the growth of cities and the mass arrivals of immigrants. This period was known as the Progressive Era. Two major historical turning points that took place during this time were (1) Women earned the right to vote and (2) Education. Women Suffrage The early 1900s saw a successful push for the vote through a coalition of suffragists, temperance groups, reform-minded politicians, and women's social-welfare organizations. Although Susan B. Anthony and Elizabeth Cady Stanton devoted 50 years to the woman's suffrage movement, neither lived to see women gain the right to vote. But their work and that of many other suffragists contributed to the ultimate passage of the 19th amendment in 1920. Two groups that contributed to the passage of the 19th amendment the women organizations the National American Woman Suffrage Association (NAWSA), founded in 1890, and the National Women’s Party (NWP), founded in 1913 and led by Alice Paul. Alice Paul and other women of the National Women's Party picketed the White House. They wanted then President Woodrow Wilson to support a Constitutional amendment giving all American women suffrage, or the right to vote. Women gained...
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...Duncan King US Hist 102 Tuesday Night Class Paper #1 October 1st, 2013 Childhood Prior to the 1920’s, children were commonly abused, not cared for, and even left to die. This had to do with the situation their parents were in, as well as their perspective on childhood in general. The concept of childhood used to be very different than ours generally is today, as death rates were high, family size was large, children were commonly abused, and children were often employed, working in horrible conditions. As the circumstances of children were brought to the public’s attention, reform was soon achieved. This is greatly owed to the “muckrakers,” who were the writers that detailed these conditions to the attention of the public. The overall quality of life of children was greatly improved through reform, and a new definition of childhood was brought with it. Children lived in horrifying conditions before reform was achieved in the early 20th century. They often worked in coalmines or sweatshops for up to twenty hours a day. This helps understand the perspectives of the people living at this time, towards children, as the children weren’t too different from adults, earning wages by spending their days working. In some cases, children worked for weeks in factories without receiving any pay. They did this for the hope of receiving employment after the weeks in which they worked for free. However, employers were well aware of this and often took advantage of the children by either...
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...From the 1890’s to the 1920’s, a new movement occurred, known as the Progressive movement. The main goal of this movement was to spread awareness of major issues to American citizens and ultimately, to discover solutions to major social, economic, and political problems. Eventually, the social reformers were successful, because of the changes brought to the workplace and the betterment of living conditions in large cities. During the early 1890’s, many companies had poor working conditions. These included long workdays, child labor, and no payment for injuries on the job. Social reformers used muckraking, or digging up scandalous information, to put the word out about these issues. One famous muckraker was Upton Sinclair, writer for the Chicago Tribune and author of The Jungle. His works, particularly The Jungle exposed the terrible working conditions of the meat packing industry in Chicago. This novel upset many, as it portrayed the awful lives of the men who worked at the plants. In addition to this revealing novel, the Triangle Shirtwaist Factory Fire also occurred. This fire was caused by smoking within the factory, and caused the deaths of many women, as the door was locked and the fire escape was blocked. This tragic event was an eye opener, and caused many reforms in the way workers must be treated. For example, the Adamson Act limited the workday to only eight hours. This was also made law by Holden vs. Hardy, while a law was passed in Oregon stating women could work...
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...and those who want no borders, implying that immigration is an all-or-nothing proposition. It is clear that some type of policy and reform needs to be established. This writer will discuss and identify the causes of the problems or issues for this population. Focus will be placed on these topics: the history of the population, the nature of the social problems or issues experienced demographics and common clinical issues and intervention strategies, as well as a discussion of future interventions. Since, I live in a rural agricultural area that has been flooded with immigrants for the past decades; I have become very familiar with the Haitian and Hispanic populations. Finally, these groups are from different origins, recognized by various names, and all have taken broad paths to arrive in the United States. Immigration is the center of United States history. The earliest colonization of immigrants was established in the United States in the late 1500’s throughout the 1700’s. Additionally, with the exception of the Native Americans or Indians, evidence proves that America’s citizens are the product of immigration, whether they came as volunteers or they were forced (US Census Bureau, 2000). For example, the transatlantic slave trade created a lasting image of black men and women that were only transported commodities, and was considered the most defining element in the construction of the African Diaspora, and it was centuries of additional movements that have given shape to...
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...The effect of magazine cover on society Although the forming of a culture is complex, media have an important impact on culture, especially in a society which its culture is in conflict or being shaped. “The media have the power to engage and entertain, to create and destroy, to open spaces and to close them” (Grossberg et al, 2006:28). During the period of 1920s to 1930s, while the United States was focusing on forming its own American culture, there was a series of sharp culture conflicts between new and old, fashionable and traditional, western and eastern in old China. The Young Companion and TIME, two famous magazines, both had a significant impact on their target society. To discuss the impact on media and how it shapes a society, this essay is going to analyse the cover of both magazines. It is necessary to give a short introduction of TIME and The Young Companion before study. The Young Companion was a large comprehensive picture magazine in the period of Republic of China. It was established by Liande Wu in Shanghai, 1926. The propose of the publication was “popularize the education, develop the culture” (Liande Wu，1928), aiming to be the mentor of readers. TIME was established by Henry .R. Luce and Briton Haddon in March, 1923. Nowadays, it is published by Warner in New York, voicing opinions about the international issues and reporting the international event. In addition, the aim is to help the people who are busy understanding the big affairs in the world...
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...Did the Conservatives Loose or Labour Win the 1945 General Election? The 1945 election came quickly after the aftermath of World War Two and few knew how the election was going to turn out with party politics being pushed into the background during the six years of total war that Britain and her people experienced. This came to a surprise when Churchill’s war government was pushed out in favour of Labour instead and there is much debate surrounding this issue as to who lost and who won this election, or an evolution in voter attitudes? The most important factor in determining whether Labour won or the Conservatives lost was the change in voter attitudes that resulted from six years of total war. During the war, a definitive leftward shift had occurred in the electorate and this steady change can be seen through the work Labour had done in the War Coalition on the Home Front in extending state control where people now viewed Labour’s seemingly ‘radical’ policies as beneficial in helping those in poverty and need. This can be linked to the experiences of the middle classes during evacuation where the level of deprivation in urban areas was exposed and now it only can be seen as natural that the middle classes wanted these issues to be dealt with. As well as on the Home Front, the views of socialism had changed due to the help that Stalin’s Russia had in defeating the Germans and thus was seen in good light. So this trend to the left changed the attitude of many to Labour and can...
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...In 100 counties within Virginia, 71 of them were in favor of prohibition with only 29 of them voting against it. Even more surprising, 16 out of the states 20 cities voted going dry. The cities that remained largely wet during the referendum included, Norfolk, Richmond, Arlington, and Norfolk. Consequently, the law was labeled as the Mapp Law and was enacted on the 1st of November 1916[footnoteRef:27]. As a result of the new law, various distillers closed shop including six distillers and over 100 saloons. The major distillers were allowed to produce alcoholic beverages, as long as sales are restricted to other counties and states. Consequently, even Malt Company?s switched to the manufacture of soft drinks and bottled water. [27: Clifford, Experiment in Municipal Reform: The Prohibition Party in Norfolk Politics 1892-1896,...
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...World To begin with, Progressivism can be best defined as “support for or advocacy of social reform.” Through progressivism, economic, political, social and moral reforms occur. With these reforms came movements such as the Temperance movement, Abolitionist movement, the Woman’s movement. During these periods of reform, art was created and therefore helped to influence and development of the modern world. The Temperance movement was a social movement that began around the 1820’s and was dedicated to promoting moderation or often, abstinence from the consumption alcohol. Temperance movements were first seen as early as...
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...notable growth during the 1920’s and expanded from a “live” medium to include previously recorded works. Radio advertising grew, networks began to form, and the first round of regulation was welcomed in order to establish better frequencies, free speech protections, equality amongst broadcasting stations, and that radio waves were public property (Adams). Fueled by the rapid exploration of technological changes in recording, this growth was able to sustain itself throughout one of the most turbulent times in American history because it provided cheap entertainment. By the mid 1930’s, a period considered to be its Golden Age, a radio could be found in over half of American homes and in over a million cars (Scott, 2008). The 1940’s were plagued with battles in the recording industry as live artists felt threatened by “canned” music and recording disk speeds were not uniform. Eventually, the 45 would become the industry standard for singles and the 331/3 LP would rule in album sales (Dominick, 2013). The growth of radio had built large corporations and therefore the need for regulation reform was acknowledged through the Communications Act of 1934...
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