...which featured a series of demonstrations, marches, acts of civil disobedience, and labor strikes. Millions of protesters from a variety of socio-economic and religious backgrounds demanded the overthrow of the regime of Egyptian President Hosni Mubarak. Despite being predominantly peaceful in nature, the revolution was not without violent clashes between security forces and protesters. The campaign took place in Cairo, Alexandria, and in other cities in Egypt, following the Tunisian Revolution that saw the overthrow of the long time Tunisian president. On 11 February, following weeks of determined popular protest and pressure, Mubarak resigned from office. Grievances of Egyptian protesters focused on legal and political issues including police brutality, state of emergency laws, lack of free elections and freedom of speech, uncontrollable corruption, as well as economic issues including high unemployment, food price inflation, and low minimum wages. The primary demands from protest organizers are the end of the Hosni Mubarak regime, the end of emergency law, freedom, justice, a responsive non-military government, and a say in the management of Egypt's resources. Strikes by labor unions added to the pressure on government officials. There have been at...
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...Compare and Contrast Crime and Terrorism ADJ 215 Criminology Islamic Jihad Group The Islamic Jihad group is known today as the Egyptian Islamic Jihad. This group has been active since the 1970’s. This group is under a worldwide embargo through the United Nations because of the affiliation of the Al-Qaeda. Several governments has banned this group including The Russian Federation. The leader of this group since 1991 has been Ayman al-Zawahiri. The primary goal of this group was to overthrow the Egyptian government which was planned to be replaced with the Islamic state. In later years the interest of this group was broadened to include in attacking the United States as well as Israel with interests in Egypt and abroad. This group has thought to have suffered setbacks from numerous arrests of operatives worldwide. The most recent being in Lebanon and Yemen. In 2001 Al Qaeda and Egyptian Islamic Jihad became known by a different name which was “Qaeda al-Jihad.” This merger originally started in 1980 which came from two clusters of the Islamist groups. The Cairo branch which was under the rule of Mohammad abd al-Salam Faraj. The Saidi (upper Egypt) branch under the rule of Karam Zuhdi. The assassination of the Egyptian president Anwar Sadat was carried out October 6, 1981. After the assassination all members of the Tanzim al-Jihad were captured by the Egyptian government. During the Egyptian trial the government...
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...movement of demonstrations, marches, plaza occupations, riots, non-violent civil resistance, acts of civil disobedience and labor strikes. Millions of protesters from a variety of socio-economic and religious backgrounds demanded the overthrow of the regime of Egyptian President Hosni Mubarak. There were also important Islamic, liberal, anti-capitalist, nationalist, and feminist currents of the revolution. Violent clashes between security forces and protesters resulted in at least 846 people killed and 100,000 injured.[22][23] Protesters also burned upwards of 90 police stations, though international media and politicians attempted to minimize that aspect of the revolt.[24] Protests took place in Cairo, Alexandria, and in other cities in Egypt, following the Tunisian revolution that resulted in the overthrow of the long-time Tunisian president. Grievances of Egyptian protesters were focused on legal and political issues[25] including police brutality, state of emergency laws,[1] lack of free elections and freedom of speech, corruption,[2] and economic issues including high unemployment, food price inflation[3] and low wages.[1][3] The primary demands from protesters were the end of the Hosni Mubarak regime, the end of emergency law, freedom, justice, a responsive non-military government and a say in the management of Egypt's resources.[26] Strikes by labour unions added to the pressure on government officials.[27] During the uprising the capital city of Cairo was described as "a...
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...series of demonstrations, protests and revolutions. All of those revolts have one thing in common and it is the important role of social media. This essay is going to investigate the social media’s effect on Arab Spring, particularly on the revolution in Egypt. Social media have a great power, because thanks to them, people can share their thoughts in every single minute of their life. Even though there are other ways of communication, social media, such as blogs, Twitter or Facebook, had a great impact on Egyptian revolution in 2011 because people could organize their dissidence fast and could easily share their ideas of the free Egypt. When Hosni Mubarak became a president in 1981, he became suppressing all his opponents. People were not happy, but they were not united in order to oppose Mubarak. Everyone trying to oppose Mubarak without the support of the people put his life and lives of his family into the risk. There was no simple nor easy way to connect with people who shared the same opinion about the government, because having such a discussion at any public place was dangerous at that time. Although it was possible to find people with the same political views, the idea of making any non-violent protest was unrealistic. To make such a protest many people need to join the demonstration, but without internet, people couldn’t share the information about the demonstration well. They could only talk about it, but in secret and only in small groups. In small group, the idea...
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...2012). Sometimes it is easy to blame poor people for their situation because some are accusing them of being lazy, but most of the times the governments in poor countries are the one who blame. However, it is essential for the governments around the world to makeshift and end this problem. Egypt is one of the countries whose people suffer from poverty. In order for a country to develop, it is important to reduce the percentage of poverty in that country, and Egypt is one of the countries that have to initiate and reduce poverty. In 2010, the percentage of people who lives on less than $1.25 a day is around 25% of the whole population (Poverty and Equity, 2011). Poverty is one of the major reasons that led Egyptians to revolt against Hosni Mubarak who was the president of Egypt for 30 years. Egyptians after the revolution have high hopes on the new president Mohamed Morsi, who received 51.7% of the last presidential elections, to lower the poverty and corruption. While Egypt has used a number of strategies to reduce poverty, much more remains to be accomplished. In this paper, I will provide background information on Egypt, I will examine the extent of poverty in Egypt, I will evaluate the strategies Egypt has implemented to reduce poverty, and I will provide suggestions for additional approaches to reduce poverty in Egypt. Background on Egypt The Arab Republic of Egypt is located in northern Africa bordering Palestine, the Mediterranean Sea, Sudan, the Red Sea, and Libya (The...
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...ENG 202: Brandel Of Prisoners & Superheroes Shalin Patel Poem Title: Prisoner No. 786 Drama Title: Love is Bl(ow)ind Creative Non-Fiction Title: v/s The Biased Media of the 21st Century Fiction Title: Sub-Urban Superhero Reflection Essay Included Total Word Count: 5095 Prisoner No. 786 I, prisoner number 786, stick my head out through these iron bars. I watch as days, months and years turn into eons. The smell of the warm moist mud reminds me of all those carefree afternoons I spent on my mama’s porch watching the rain pass by. The scorching sun on my face reminds me of the sweetest iced tea my sister used to so carefully prepare. The unflinching rain at times takes me back to the fields where I would play soccer for hours at end with my cousins. The bitter cold within my bones reminds me of the steaming hot barbecue my father would make so passionately, never failing to impress. This man standing outside my cell tells me this is not my country, then why does it feel like I’m right at home? He says I’m not like him, then why do I feel like he’s like me? I, prisoner number 786, stick my head out through these iron bars. I stare towards the heavens as a white fairy descends from the village of dreams. I don’t know who she is, but she talks like she’s all mine. When I listen to her, it feels like I want to go out there and live again. When she makes all those fake promises, she makes me want to believe in myself again. I, prisoner number 786, stick my head out through these...
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...Essay Assignment #1 History can be used as a stepping stone in understanding the contemporary world and why its relevance can be connected to what has happened in the past to what is happening today. One of these examples in history that has made a huge impact in today’s world is the social and economic inequalities leading up to the American Revolution. The cause of the Revolution was due to many of the grievances that colonists had for the British. Knowing this fact, we can better understand how this is useful and relevant in understanding the economic inequalities in Egypt which led to the Revolution in 2011. The American Revolution was fought because of numerous unresolved conflicts that the colonists had with the British. Even after the war, there were problems still lingering. Some of these issues included freedom of expression, voting rights and political participation, and the Inflation of goods. Many of these disagreements resulted in rioting and protests, as well as boycotting of goods and such. Let’s start with freedom of expression. Speech was limited in Britain, but if referring to the boundary outside of Parliament, then there was no legal protection for freedom of speech. Moreover, an individual could be beheaded for criticizing the king and the government. Even before the Revolution, voting rights and the political participation was very limited when electing government officials. There were property qualifications in order to vote in America. For example...
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...Topic: Tahrir Squire “Revolution” word was very prominent in Tsunami Khan’s speeches, but another revolutionary person is now in the field. This revolutionary person came with slogan “Save the state instead of politics”. I was amazed when he succeeded in gathering thousands of people at Minar-e-Pakistan on 23rd December 2012. I was thinking who can be this person, from where he came, where he was till now and what can be his aim? Dr. Tahir Al Qadri, is in fact a religious scholar, he has been living in Canada before arriving to Pakistan. On his very speech he expressed that he wants reforms. He threatened the government to bring reforms until 10th of January, 2013 otherwise 14th January would be day of the long march. What kind of reforms, he was unable to tell. I assumed that he is going to bring reforms in constitution. He wants Islamization in Pakistan. There were many estimates whether Dr. Tahir is going to establish a political party, whether he wants change without elections, whether he mis-guiding the people. New Year arrived, it started with a lot of violence and bomb blasts in Karachi. I was in front of television. I heard the news that Dr. Tahir has joined MQM. Now he will be working as right hand of Altaf Hussain. He addressed in a large gathering. Long march was changed to Tahrir Squire. He assured the public and government that it would be the world’s largest and peaceful. It caused a lot of horror in the minds of ruling party. A person, who was confessed that...
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...Author: Agorbortu wise Kojo, (BSC Accounting) University of Ghana Business School “For most of the post-independence period, African states have been ruled by one party and military regimes. Pressures both from within Africa itself and from outside, however have rekindled debate about democracy in the Africa context and have led to a whole raft of multi-party elections” (Clive Harber). Oscar Wilde ones defined democracy as: “the bludgeoning of the people, by the people, for the people”. Abraham Lincoln also said, democracy is “the government of the people, for the people and by the people”. Democracy is a form of government in which all citizens have an equal say in the decisions that affect their lives. The term comes from the Greek: “demokratia” meaning, “rule of the people”. According to Mamali Oak, despite the few disadvantages, such as : authorities working with a short term focus, as the government is subject to change after every election time; and citizens can vote under the influence of majority, democracy has more advantages that place it above other forms of governance. A few among them are: 1. Democracy can provide for changes in government without violence. In a democracy, power can be transferred from one party to another by means of elections. 2. The people gain a sense of participation in the process of choosing their government. 3. Democracy prevents monopoly of the ruling authority. 4. It encourages the rule of law and even distribution of wealth...
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...“Revolution” word was very prominent in Tsunami Khan’s speeches, but another revolutionary person is now in the field. This revolutionary person came with slogan “Save the state instead of politics”. I was amazed when he succeeded in gathering thousands of people at Minar-e-Pakistan on 23rd December 2012. I was thinking who can be this person, from where he came, where he was till now and what can be his aim? Dr. Tahir Al Qadri, is in fact a religious scholar, he has been living in Canada before arriving to Pakistan. On his very speech he expressed that he wants reforms. He threatened the government to bring reforms until 10th of January, 2013 otherwise 14th January would be day of the long march. What kind of reforms, he was unable to tell. I assumed that he is going to bring reforms in constitution. He wants Islamization in Pakistan. There were many estimates whether Dr. Tahir is going to establish a political party, whether he wants change without elections, whether he mis-guiding the people. New Year arrived, it started with a lot of violence and bomb blasts in Karachi. I was in front of television. I heard the news that Dr. Tahir has joined MQM. Now he will be working as right hand of Altaf Hussain. He addressed in a large gathering. Long march was changed to Tahrir Squire. He assured the public and government that it would be the world’s largest and peaceful. It caused a lot of horror in the minds of ruling party. A person, who was confessed that there was no agenda...
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...Resumen: A lo largo de la historia, ha habido muchas situaciones donde la gente se une para combatir su gobierno, sea por injusticia o alguna otra causa. La gente siempre a usado todos sus recursos disponibles para hacer justamente eso, pero estos recursos han cambiado mucho últimamente. Ahora los ciudadanos pueden usar el Internet y las redes sociales para comunicarse entre ellos y con la gente del mundo entero. Un ejemplo muy claro de cómo se usaron estos recursos contra el gobierno es en Egipto. Los ciudadanos no hubieran obtenido los mismos resultados sin el Internet y las redes sociales. Palabras Clave: Egipto, protestas ciudadanas, Internet, redes sociales, comunicación virtual I. En la historia de la humanidad, el hombre al sentirse oprimido o pisoteado por una fuerza superior a él, tiende a actuar y mostrar su disconformidad ante la situación. A. Llámese Estados Unidos contra Inglaterra, México contra España, la guerra civil española, o los varios movimientos que ha habido en Sudamérica en los últimos 50 años, la historia nos tiene muchas situaciones similares donde países enteros se han organizado para derrocar a su gobierno opresivo y tiránico. B. Hoy en día nuestra generación tecnológica nos ha dado dos factores que hubieran cambiado completamente el curso de la historia: el Internet y las redes sociales. C. En el 2011 un acontecimiento muy importante nos enseñó la importancia de estos dos medios en la revolución social, la Primavera Árabe, una serie...
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...cameras and shared on the Internet.Within days, protests started popping up across the country, calling upon President Zine El Abidine Ben Ali and his regime to step down. About a month later, he fled.The momentum in Tunisia set off uprisings across the Middle East that became known as the Arab Spring. Mixed Success In Egypt Along with Tunisia, Egypt has been viewed as a victory.Esraa Abdel Fattah, an Egyptian democracy activist known as "Facebook Girl" for her social media savvy, fought for a new Egypt. She was also an organizer for the major protest in Tahrir Square on Jan. 25. [pic] An Egyptian anti-government protester holds a defaced poster of Egyptian President Hosni Mubarak, with the words "Mubarak, get out" written above, during a demonstration in Cairo in January. When President Honsi Mubarak stepped down, it was thought that Egypt had...
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