...What is multiple sclerosis? Multiple sclerosis (MS) is the prototypical inflammatory demyelinating disease of the central nervous system (CNS) and the most common cause of disability among young adults. Most patients present with a relapsing-remitting illness, characterized by discrete episodes of focal neurological deficit with temporal and anatomical dispersion in the CNS. Although the underlying cause of MS remains unknown, studies have suggested that the pathology of MS begins with the activation and proliferation of T cells in the peripheral lymphoid organs. With the help of MMPs and adhesion mollecules, T cells cross the blood brain barrier(BBB), where they recognize components of the myelin sheath, triggering cytoking relsease and subsequent disruption of the myelin sheath. Damage can be accumulated over time and result in progressive axonal loss and brain atrophy. What is EAE model?...
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...Multiple Sclerosis (MS): An Autoimmune Disease. You are in your mid twenty but you feel fatigue, numbness of extremities, chronic pain, vision problem, etc almost daily. Then sometime, you feel dizzy, vertigo, loss of balance, involuntary muscle spasms, and difficult to move around. You may feel depress and mood swings in addition to these symptoms. What is wrong with you? You are at the age where as young adults with full energize life ahead, ready to take charge of an independent life and assume a various social roles and economic responsibilities like a new career after college and graduate school, begin an intimate romance relationships, or maybe starting a family of your own (Falvo, 2009). What you are experiences are the common symptoms of Multiple Sclerosis (MS), a Central Nervous System (CNS) disease which affects over 400,000 Americans, and every week about 200 people are diagnosed. Worldwide, it affects about 2.5 million people (NewsRx Health and Science, 2012). Its exact cause is unknown, however the common thought is some unknown virus or gene defect is the blame. To really understand Multiple Sclerosis we will need to look at it definition and history, the statistics of number people afflicted with it, what are the social-psychological challenges of the disease. We will also need to look at what kind of research projects and experiments have been done regarding the disease, what kind of help and support that the community have to offer to its patients,...
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...Multiple Sclerosis My symptoms started off with extreme muscle spasms and cramps. It would get worse when I was on my monthly. I was walking and running at the time to lose some weight that I thought was causing the muscle aches, headaches, and the pain that I was feeling in my whole body. One day it got overwhelming. It was August 17th, 2007. I felt like I was getting the life squeezed out of me and my mind was racing the whole time while experiencing difficulty speaking, walking, and trying to control the jerky movements. I was admitted as a psychiatric patient at that time, now it's been two years later and I feel like I am disseminating. I had another attack recently and that is what scared me enough to go to the neurologist. I am still...
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...In spite of Multiple Sclerosis (MS), profundity of the body sightsees five distributed resources that account within the study produced through both Internet and novel resources. The studies include the affiliations alongside the association of the Central Nervous System (CNS). Nonetheless, the articles incorporated, fluctuate in the usage and meaning of the CNS. Stoppler (2014) believes "humans diagnosed with Multiple Sclerosis habitually occur difficulty focusing on two tasks simultaneously." Furthermore, there are a variety of articles that provide alternate theories regarding Multiple Sclerosis through Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA). Although Multiple Sclerosis is unknown for its exact cause, studies believe that Multiple Sclerosis result...
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...Multiple sclerosis has different types of MS and patients manage symptoms by dieting, consuming medications, and performing rehabilitation. About 400,000 Americans and 2.5 million people worldwide have Multiple Sclerosis. Multiple Sclerosis is a disease that affects the central nervous system which causes the brain to receive messages harder than a to the rest of your body. The development for treatments for Multiple Sclerosis and its causes are starting to produce into logics and facts. I have seen what Multiple Sclerosis can do to someone, it ruins their body, their mind, and outlook on life. My grandma has had Multiple Sclerosis since she was thirty seven. There are four kinds of ms and she has secondary progressive ms. So that means once something...
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...SPEECH TITLE: Multiple sclerosis: What is it? SPECIFIC PURPOSE: To inform my audience of the possible causes of Multiple sclerosis and how the disease effects the body. THESIS STATEMENT/CENTRAL IDEA: Multiple sclerosis is a disease that affects the body’s central nervous system, which results in a myriad of symptoms. Although its specific cause is unknown, it is thought that a person’s distance to the equator, smoking, viruses, and genetics may be possible triggers for MS. INTRODUCTION: 1. I never got to see my grandma walk. By the time I was born she was basically wheelchair-ridden and had live-in nurses to care for her. I actually called her Boo-Boo because I didn’t understand why she couldn’t walk. My parents told me it was because...
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...Multiple Sclerosis Devastates Lives Dr. Miller states on page 293 in his book Coping with Chronic Illness “Multiple Sclerosis is the most predominant of the human demyelinating diseases.” Multiple Sclerosis is the demyelinating of the central nerve system of the brain and spinal cord. The demyelinating process is the destruction of the fatty material, myelin, which insulates nerves. The damage is caused by the immune system treating the myelin as a disease. The results of the attack of the immune system cause cognitive loss throughout the body. The history of Multiple Sclerosis begins with Jean Cruveilhier, professor of pathology at the University of Paris, who is credited for the first documentation and description of MS in 1830. In the 1880’s, Dr. Freud treated his nanny for Multiple Sclerosis and is credited for the first treatments of MS. Prior to the use of the MRI in 1981 diagnosis was difficult, the most common method used to test for Multiple Sclerosis was by dunking the patient in a hot tub of water to try and bring about the symptoms of MS. (Kalb, R. (1996). Multiple Sclerosis page 43) There are many theories as to the onset of Multiple Sclerosis. As stated by Ronald Schapira, M.D. in his book Symptom Management in Multiples Sclerosis page 11,” Until the cause of MS is determined, it is unlikely that a cure will be found”. Some believe that it is a viral infection. If it is a viral infection then why would only some people exposed to the virus contract...
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...What is Multiple sclerosis? Multiple sclerosis, also known as disseminated sclerosis or encephalomyelitis disseminata is an autoimmune condition in which the immune system attacks the central nervous system (CNS), leading to demyelination. It may cause numerous physical and mental symptoms, and often progresses to physical and cognitive disability. Disease onset usually occurs in young adults, is more common in women, and has a prevalence that ranges between 2 and 150 per 100,000 depending on the country or specific population. Multiple sclerosis affects the areas of the brain and spinal cord known as the white matter. White matter cells carry signals between the grey matter areas, where the processing is done, and the rest of the body. More specifically, Multiple sclerosis destroys oligodendrocytes which are the cells responsible for creating and maintaining a fatty layer, known as the myelin sheath, which helps the neurons carry electrical signals. MS results in a thinning or complete loss of myelin and, less frequently, the cutting (transection) of the neuron's extensions or axons. When the myelin is lost, the neurons can no longer effectively conduct their electrical signals. The name multiple sclerosis refers to the scars (scleroses - better known as plaques or lesions) in the white matter. Loss of myelin in these lesions causes some of the symptoms, which vary widely depending upon which signals are interrupted. However, more advanced forms of imaging are now showing that...
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...Professor Benham ENC 1101 October 4,2011 Effect of Multiple Sclerosis Multiple Sclerosis is an autoimmune condition of the nervous system and the brain. This means that the body’s innate ability to attack potentially harmful foreign bodies backfires. When this happens, the immune cells that should target the pathogens attach normal and healthy cells instead. Multiple sclerosis is such a condition in which the nerve endings are damaged due to the loss or destruction of the myelin sheath, a protective covering. The sensitivity and effective transmitting capability of the nerves are then compromised. (All Health Online) There are five types of Multiple Sclerosis, however the severity and type of multiple sclerosis depends upon the size and location of the plaque. There are five common types of multiple sclerosis: 1) Benign Sensory multiple sclerosis, which is a form of multiple sclerosis is the less effective on the body, it usually doesn’t get worse and it usually accompanied with loss of sensation and vision problems.2) Benign exacerbating/remission Multiple Sclerosis, fluctuates but comes closely back to baseline after the attack. 3) Chronic Relapsing-Progressive Multiple Sclerosis is another type of MS where the patents’ have more server episodes. 4) Chronic Progressive Multiple Sclerosis is a more progressive condition where symptoms get worse without a distinct attack. 5) Acute Progressive Multiple Sclerosis involves a rapidly progressive downhill course, where episodes...
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...Group Project – Final Draft Multiple Sclerosis – The Physical and Behavioral Effects Multiple Sclerosis, also known as MS, or Demyelinating disease; a disease that not many are aware of. It is “an autoimmune disease that affects the brain and spinal cord (central nervous system).” (A.D.A.M. Inc, 2011) The symptoms vary depending on the individual affected by the disease, and it also differs in duration for each symptom. In this paper, we will discuss the definition of Multiple Sclerosis, review the main symptoms affecting Multiple Sclerosis patients and their loved ones, its risk factors, how to recognize potential symptoms, the tests available, and support groups that can provide more information on this disease as well as how to cope with it. Depression is one of the main side effects Multiple Sclerosis patients have; it is unfortunately very common for someone with Multiple Sclerosis to experience depression. To learn more about the disease, we have to understand what MS is. Multiple Sclerosis, or MS, is an auto-immune disease that affects your brain’s nervous system; the “T-Cells” attack your neurons which function is to send signals to your brain. Each nerve cell control different parts of your body and emotions; having the T-cells attacking your emotional nerves can impact your way of living. If these T-cells damage the nerves of the brain that are involved in emotional expression and control; it can create a variety of behavioral changes resulting in depression...
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...Multiple Sclerosis Laney B. Pope Health Science 1 Honors Hobbton High Sch L. Pope 2 Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is a long-lasting disease that can affect the brain, spinal cord, and optic nerve of the eye. MS occurs when the immune system attacks a fatty material called myelin, which wraps around nerve fibers to protect them. Without myelin, nerves become damaged resulting in the brain being unable to send signals through the body. (WebMD). There are four types of MS; Relapsing-Remitting MS (RRMS), Secondary-Progressive MS (SPMS), Primary-Progressive MS (PPMS), and Progressive-Relapsing MS (PRMS). Each type of MS is named according to the way the disease acts on the body over time. The severity and type of MS depends on the size and location of...
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...Multiple Sclerosis I. Introduction A. What is Multiple Sclerosis. a. Multiple Sclerosis is a severe central nervous system disorder. b. Affects more than 2.1 million people in the world. c. It’s an incurable disease. II. An Incurable Disease A. Multiple sclerosis has no cure but if diagnosed early can be slowed down in its progression. B. How is MS diagnosed and treated. C. Is Multiple Sclerosis genetic or acquired III. Diagnosing and Treatment A. Diagnosed between the ages of 20 and 50. a. Affects woman more than it affects men. B. Signs and Symptoms of MS. a. Pain, numbness, neurological damage. C. Multiple Sclerosis attacks a. How to prevent them. b. Remission and exacerbation IV. Living with Multiple Sclerosis A. Multiple sclerosis may cause thinking problems which may be frustrating at times. B. Changing your whole world around. a. After a patient is diagnosed with MS their entire life changes. b. Medication and therapy regimen. C. Complications arising from having multiple sclerosis a. Muscle paralysis throughout the body. V. Conclusion A. Multiple Sclerosis is a neurological disease which has no cure. B. Getting the correct treatment is crucial to maintaining an active life. a. Receiving therapy and taking medication regimen is important to maintain MS under control. C. Having a good support system to help the patient through the rough times is necessary. D. Keeping in mind all the signs and symptoms...
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...Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is a chronic, progressive and degenerative neurological disease of the Central Nervous System (CNS). In MS, the immune system attacks the myelin sheath around the axons in the CNS, resulting in an autoimmune-mediated demyelination. This demyelination produces plaques or lesions that bring about a variety of symptoms- loss of motor function, loss of bowel or bladder control, problems in sexual functioning, debilitating fatigue, visual disturbances, pain, cognitive problems and emotional changes( Naismith, Trinkau, and Cross, 2006) In 1999 empirical studies began to report an increase in the number of African Americans diagnosed with MS which were documented in the recent studies( Holland, Gray, and Pierce, 2011; National MS Society, 2015). This issue is important because of the aggressive advancement, which occurs for African Americans diagnosed with multiple sclerosis (MS) compared to Caucasians. The results of the MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging) found significantly more lesions associated with the aggressive form of the illness in the brains of African Americans compared to Caucasians ( Howard et al., 2012). What are African Americans with MS experiences with social workers since being diagnosed? What are the social worker's perceptions of how African Americans with MS cope...
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...Multiple Sclerosis Corrine Ruffin ITT Technical Institute Nursing 110 Instructor: April Mock Date: 11/20/2015 Multiple Sclerosis is a disease in which the immune system fights the central nervous system; this makes it an immune-mediated disease. Inside the central nervous system, the immune system attacks the nerve fibers and the fatty matter that encases and pads the nerve fibers called the myelin (National MS Society, n.d). The harmed myelin forms scar tissue which is called sclerosis; this is how the disease had its name chosen. Nerve signals go back and forth from the brain to the spinal cord become broken up and sporadic causing an array of symptoms that one with multiple sclerosis would experience. There is still no known definite cause of multiple sclerosis; however researchers believe there are various things that contribute. Since multiple sclerosis is an autoimmune disease it simply means that body attacks itself; yet there it is believed there are environmental factors that play a role in one having multiple sclerosis (Mayo Clinic Staff, 2015). For example, research has shown that people who live closer to the equator make more vitamin D naturally and this vitamin helps an individual to not develop the disease; therefore individuals who live in areas with seasonal climate change have a greater risk of getting multiple sclerosis (National MS Society, n.d). There have been certain infections that are linked to the disease. Viruses such has herpes, measles,...
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...Multiple Sclerosis: A Neurological Enigma Multiple sclerosis is a neurological immune-mediated disease that affects the brain and spinal cord. It is an unpredictable, often disabling disease that disrupts the flow of information within the brain and between the brain and the body. MS affects one in every 500 persons, women twice as frequently as men. It is more common in young adults, and causes a variety of neurological deficits (visual loss, paralysis, sensory loss, ataxia, brainstem signs, psychiatric disorders, and dementia). Many MS cases evolve over a long period (20-30 years) with remissions and exacerbations. Some cases have an acute, even fatal course, and others go into a relentlessly progressive phase after a period of remissions and exacerbations. MS involves an immune mediated process that develops when a previous viral injury to the nervous system has occurred in a genetically susceptible individual. B lymphocytes, plasma cells, and activated T cells, along with pro-inflammatory cytokines, cause inflammation, oligodendrocyte injury, and demyelination. Early inflammation and demyelination lead to irreparable axonal degeneration and scarring (Huether & McCance, 2012). MS not only causes focal inflammatory changes but also causes diffuse injury throughout the central nervous system called MS lesions or plaques. MS lesions can occur anywhere in gray or white matter with localized areas of demyelination, changes in the components of myelin, damage to oligodendrocytes...
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