...Munchausen Syndrome by Proxy is one of the worlds most hidden forms, and therefore also least recognised forms of child abuse. The syndrome is a psychological disorder where the parent fabricates illnesses and symptoms in their child, resulting in unnecessary medication that is often over prescribed or overdosed, and sometimes even exploratory surgeries on the child. How many people know about this? Such a minority that it is easily forgotten and almost never detected by doctors, nurses and surgeons, but the friends and family of the sufferer and their victim who is their very own flesh and blood. Therefore, while most child abuse cases go straight to the police, being assault and such other common forms, awareness needs to be raised about this because not only are these children dying from fabricated sickness, but these crimes are committed on a regular basis and are in such clear view that nobody notices them. Munchausen's syndrome by Proxy is an important issue because it is a form of child abuse and there needs to be awareness raised. But although it can be easy enough to spot for some, who wants to accuse someone of this? When it comes to symptoms, they can either be hard or easy to spot, depending on the position you're in. The children usually don't respond, or respond oddly to treatment; have medical problems that don't add up with their history; become well when the parent is away have a deteriorating health either away from medical facilities or when the parent...
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...The Effects of Child Abuse: Munchausen Syndrome by Proxy MiChelle Cochran Concordia University St. Paul College of Education and Science Forensic Mental Health 510 Family Violence PTSD and Trauma Cohort 401 Assignment Six Families of children with disabilities have an added burden of providing protection to their children from various types of abuse or neglect. Although all children have the same risk of abuse at the early infancy ages, the risk increases for the disabled as they age. National data indicates that children labeled as disabled are two times more likely to experience abuse and neglect. Wallace and Roberson (2014) state that individuals with developmental disabilities are affected by violence differently than the general population and may experience violence levels up to five times higher than the general population. Other studies have indicated that 60% of children with developmental disabilities and impairments experience some form of abuse and neglect. Mandell et al. (2005) point out that these estimates may be grossly underestimated, as sometimes children with disabilities suffer from cognitive and/or verbal deficits, which prevent them from reporting the abuse. Sexual victimization tends to be the most prevalent form of abuse committed against the developmental disabled. Sorensen (2002) estimates anywhere from 4 times to 10 times higher because the victims may be repeatedly abused by the same abuser. One reason that the rate is only an estimate is...
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...History of Munchausen In the 18th century, Karl Friedrich Hieronymus also known as Baron von Munchausen (1720-1797) was known for his highly unlikely stories of adventure and escapes and being one of the most notorious liars in the century. In 1737 as a German soldier, he served in the Russian–Turkish war and returned with exaggerated stories of adventure. Every evening after supper in the banqueting-hall he would gather his friends and those in attendance and tell stories of his past. He loved the attention he received from the stories he would tell.His stories were so extreme and extravagant that an author named Rudolph Erich Raspe, who was seeking refuge in England from the German law, decided to write about the adventures of Munchausen.The first edition of Munchausen's tales that was attributed to him appeared anonymously in 1785 and was called Baron Munchausen's Narrative of his Marvelous Travels and Campaigns in Russia. Gottfried August Burger edited the first German version the following year. Rudolph Erich Raspe never claimed his rights over the success from his books. Some still debate whether Raspe or Burger actually published the first book about the tales of Baron von Munchausen. Munchausen’s tales are so outrageous; many of the stories attributed to him have appeared in French, Spanish, Welsh and Greek literature. (Heritage, 2013) Today his name is known for boasting, fabrications and exaggerated stories. Definition In 1951the name Munchausen made its way into...
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...Munchausen By Proxy Anthony Conejos Taylor College Mrs.Brooks 2/26/2015 Anthony Conejos Munchausen By Proxy Munchausen is a mental illness, in which a person repeatedly acts as if he or she has a physical, emotional or psychological disorder when, in truth, he or she has caused the problems. People with factitious disorders act this way because of an inner need to be seen as ill or injured, not to achieve a concrete benefit, such as financial gain. They are even willing to undergo painful or risky tests and operations in order to get the sympathy and special attention given to people who are truly ill. Some will secretively hurt themselves to cause signs like blood in the urine or cyanosis of a limb. Cyanosis is the condition occurring when the blood supply is cut off to a particular part of the body and the skin takes on a dusky blue color. Factitious disorder imposed on self is associated with severe emotional difficulties. Originally called Munchausen syndrome, named for Baron von Munchausen, an 18th century German officer who was known for embellishing the stories of his life and experience. He was known to invent fantastic stories of his adventures, including his riding cannonballs and traveling to the moon. Munchausen by Proxy however is where a parent is in need to gain attention and does so by inflicting harm or illness on their child. The adult deliberately tricks others, mostly medical professionals, and may go as far as to actually cause symptoms in...
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...Munchausen by proxy syndrome (MBPS) is a relatively rare form of child abuse that involves the exaggeration or fabrication of illnesses or symptoms by a primary caretaker. Also known as "medical child abuse," MBPS was named after Baron von Munchausen, an 18th-century German dignitary known for making up stories about his travels and experiences in order to get attention. "By proxy" indicates that a parent or other adult is fabricating or exaggerating symptoms in a child, not in himself or herself. Munchausen by proxy syndrome is a mental illness and requires treatment. About MBPS In MBPS, an individual — usually a parent or caregiver— causes or fabricates symptoms in a child. The adult deliberately misleads others (particularly medical professionals), and may go as far as to actually cause symptoms in the child through poisoning, medication, or even suffocation. In most cases (85%), the mother is responsible for causing the illness or symptoms. Typically, the cause is a need for attention and sympathy from doctors, nurses, and other professionals. Some experts believe that it isn't just the attention that's gained from the "illness" of the child that drives this behavior, but also the satisfaction in deceiving individuals who they consider to be more important and powerful than themselves. Because the parent or caregiver appears to be so caring and attentive, often no one suspects any wrongdoing. Diagnosis is made extremely difficult due to the the ability of the parent...
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...------------------------------------------------- Somatoform disorder From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Somatoform disorder | Classification and external resources | ICD-10 | F45 | ICD-9 | 300.8 | DiseasesDB | 1645 | eMedicine | med/3527 | MeSH | D013001 | In psychology, a somatoform disorder is a mental disorder characterized by physical symptoms that suggest physical illness or injury – symptoms that cannot be explained fully by a general medical condition, direct effect of a substance, or attributable to another mental disorder (e.g. panic disorder).[1] The symptoms that result from a somatoform disorder are due to mental factors. In people who have a somatoform disorder, medical test results are either normal or do not explain the person's symptoms. Patients with this disorder often become worried about their health because the doctors are unable to find a cause for their health problems. This causes severe stress, due to preoccupations with the disorder that portrays an exaggerated belief about the severity of the disorder. [2]Symptoms are sometimes similar to those of other illnesses and may last for several years. Usually, the symptoms begin appearing during adolescence, and patients are diagnosed before the age of 25 years. [3] Somatoform disorders are not the result of conscious malingering (fabricating or exaggerating symptoms for secondary motives) or factitious disorders (deliberately producing, feigning, or exaggerating symptoms) – sufferers...
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...“About a Boy” 1. Does “Mamau” have any symptoms of a psychiatric disorder, mood, personality, schizophrenia, etc.? “Mamau” has a factitious disorder which is a “mental disorder in which the symptoms of physical or mental illness are deliberately induced or simulated with no apparent incentive.” (p. 127) More specifically, she has Munchausen syndrome by proxy. This is normally when an adult caretaker produces or lies about illness in another person under his or her care. One example is when “Mamau” claims Robert kicked her and gave her bruises in a fit of rage. In a session with his therapist, Dr. Fee, Robert does not remember doing anything like that; however, his grandmother says it is because the drugs have blanked his memory. Another example is “Mamau” constantly tells Robert that he can be taken away because of his mental problem. “Mamau” has symptoms of histrionic personality disorder. It is characterized by “self-dramatization, exaggerated expression of emotions, and attention seeking behaviors.” (p. 173) She also has characteristics of narcissistic personality disorder. These people have “an exaggerated sense of self importance, an exploitative attitude, and a lack of empathy.” (p. 174) We can use the above example to support for these. There was also a part where “Mamau” calls up the hospital to see if the person treating her daughter had a doctorate. She didn’t trust the doctors and it showed that she was trying to over power her daughter. There is another scene...
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...Crime is something that impacts everyone, whether directly as a victim or indirectly through societal and economic costs. From the early 1960s, in the United States, criminological research resulted from individual efforts. The reliance on individual investigators to conduct and oftentimes fund their own research agenda was primarily a function of a lack of funding sources devoted to issues surrounding criminology and criminal justice. However, research in criminal justice has dramatically increased. The period between 1960 and 1980, saw the enormous increase in efforts in the federal government to initiate research projects that were designed to understand the extent of criminal behavior, including the etiology of criminal behavior, as well as the reaction of the criminal justice system to criminal behavior. Although still under supported financially, funded research efforts during this time period gathered much information that helped set the stage for the continuation and expansion of criminological research efforts. Since 1980, there has been a substantial increase in the financial resources afforded to criminological research, which has led to a large number of activities within criminology and criminal justice system. Looking at the social factors of criminals, it is possible to see these factors could influence criminal decision and the way they handle situations. Mary Bell was an eleven- year-old girl, who lived in England in a poverty stricken area, known as...
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...DO NOT delegate what you can EAT! E - evaluate A - assess T - teach addisons= down, down down up down cushings= up up up down up addisons= hyponatremia, hypotension, decreased blood vol, hyperkalemia, hypoglycemia cushings= hypernatremia, hypertension, incrased blood vol, hypokalemia, hyperglycemia No Pee, no K (do not give potassium without adequate urine output) EleVate Veins; dAngle Arteries for better perfusion A= appearance (color all pink, pink and blue, blue [pale]) P= pulse (>100, < 100, absent) G= grimace (cough, grimace, no response) A= activity (flexed, flaccid, limp) R= respirations (strong cry, weak cry, absent) TRANSMISSION-BASED PRECAUTIONS: AIRBORNE My - Measles Chicken - Chicken Pox/Varicella Hez - Herpez Zoster/Shingles TB or remember... MTV=Airborne Measles TB Varicella-Chicken Pox/Herpes Zoster-Shingles Private Room - negative pressure with 6-12 air exchanges/hr Mask, N95 for TB DROPLET think of SPIDERMAN! S - sepsis S - scarlet fever S - streptococcal pharyngitis P - parvovirus B19 P - pneumonia P - pertussis I - influenza D - diptheria (pharyngeal) E - epiglottitis R - rubella M - mumps M - meningitis M - mycoplasma or meningeal pneumonia An - Adenovirus Private Room or cohort Mask 1 CONTACT PRECAUTION MRS.WEE M - multidrug resistant organism R - respiratory infection S - skin infections * W - wound infxn E - enteric infxn - clostridium difficile E - eye infxn - conjunctivitis SKIN INFECTIONS VCHIPS ...
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...DO NOT delegate what you can EAT! E - evaluate A - assess T - teach addisons= down, down down up down cushings= up up up down up addisons= hyponatremia, hypotension, decreased blood vol, hyperkalemia, hypoglycemia cushings= hypernatremia, hypertension, incrased blood vol, hypokalemia, hyperglycemia No Pee, no K (do not give potassium without adequate urine output) EleVate Veins; dAngle Arteries for better perfusion A= appearance (color all pink, pink and blue, blue [pale]) P= pulse (>100, < 100, absent) G= grimace (cough, grimace, no response) A= activity (flexed, flaccid, limp) R= respirations (strong cry, weak cry, absent) TRANSMISSION-BASED PRECAUTIONS: AIRBORNE My - Measles Chicken - Chicken Pox/Varicella Hez - Herpez Zoster/Shingles TB or remember... MTV=Airborne Measles TB Varicella-Chicken Pox/Herpes Zoster-Shingles Private Room - negative pressure with 6-12 air exchanges/hr Mask, N95 for TB DROPLET think of SPIDERMAN! S - sepsis S - scarlet fever S - streptococcal pharyngitis P - parvovirus B19 P - pneumonia P - pertussis I - influenza D - diptheria (pharyngeal) E - epiglottitis R - rubella M - mumps M - meningitis M - mycoplasma or meningeal pneumonia An - Adenovirus Private Room or cohort Mask 1 CONTACT PRECAUTION MRS.WEE M - multidrug resistant organism R - respiratory infection S - skin infections * W - wound infxn E - enteric infxn - clostridium difficile E - eye infxn - conjunctivitis SKIN INFECTIONS VCHIPS V - varicella zoster C - cutaneous diphtheria H -...
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...398 ΠΑΙΔΙΑΤΡΙΚΗ ΘΕΡΑΠΕΥΤΙΚΗ ΕΝΗΜΕΡΩΣΗ, 2007 ΣΤΡΟΓΓΥΛΟ ΤΡΑΠΕΖΙ Συνήθη Γαστρεντερολογικά Προβλήματα ΣΥΝΤΟΝΙΣΤΡΙΑ: Ε. ΡΩΜΑ-ΓΙΑΝNΙΚΟΥ Δυστροφία: Γαστρεντερολογική προσέγγιση Ι. ΠΑΝΑΓΙΩΤΟΥ Τροφική αλλεργία Δ. ΧΑΤΖΗΣ Υποτροπιάζοντες έμετοι Α. ΞΑΪΔΑΡΑ Υπερτρανσαμινασαιμία: Από το εύρημα στη διάγνωση Α. ΖΕΛΛΟΥ ΔΥΣΤΡΟΦΙΑ: ΓΑΣΤΡΕΝΤΕΡΟΛΟΓΙΚΗ ΠΡΟΣΕΓΓΙΣΗ Ι. Παναγιώτου: Καλή ανάπτυξη είναι δεικτικό υγείας και ποιότητας ζωής. Προσδοκία κάθε οικογένειας είναι τα παιδιά της να είναι πιστό αντίγραφο των διαφημίσεων. Όταν το γεγονός δεν είναι κατορθωτό οι γονείς νιώθουν άγχος, πανικό και αναστάτωση. Δυστροφία είναι ένα κοινό και συχνό πρόβλημα. Δεν υπάρχει, όμως, ομοφωνία για τον ορισμό και τα κριτήριά της (πίνακας 1). Στην πλειονότητα τα αίτια της δυστροφίας είναι μη οργανικά. Οργανικά αίτια αποκαλύπτονται στο 10% των περιπτώσεων. Δυστροφία είναι αίτιο και αποτέλεσμα μιας αλληλουχίας γεγονότων, όπου υποκείμενη νόσος γνωστή ή αδιευκρίνιστη, οδηγεί σε ανεπαρκή προσφορά, ελλιπή απορρόφηση, αυξημένη απώλεια, κακή χρήση ή υπερκατανάλωση θερμίδων. Ο φαύλος κύκλος οδηγεί σε επιπλοκές στο κυκλοφορικό, αναπνευστικό, ανοσοποιητικό σύστημα (πίνακας 2). Άλλες αιτίες εκτός πεπτικού μπορεί να οδηγήσουν σε δυστροφία (πίνακας 3). Στη διαγνωστική προσπέλαση της δυστροφίας συμβάλλουν το ατομικό, οικογενειακό, κοινωνικό και διαιτητικό ιστορικό, η αξιολόγηση του διαιτολογίου και ο εργαστηριακός έλεγχος. Ο παιδίατρος, αλλά και ο ειδικός θα ζητήσουν λεπτομέρειες και θα προσπαθήσουν να ανιχνεύσουν...
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...* Terminology Unit 1 * Mental Health- A state of well-being in which each individual is able to recognize his or her own potential, cope with normal stresses of life, work productively and fruitfully, and make a contribution to the community. * Mental Illness- maladaptive responses to stressors from the internal or external environment, evidenced by thoughts, feelings, and behaviors that are incongruent with the local and cultural norms, and interfere with the individuals social, occupational and or physical functioning. * Anticipatory grief-when a loss is anticipated, individuals often begin the work of grieving before the actual loss occurs. * Bereavement overload- this is particularly true for elderly individuals who may be experiencing numerous losses- such as spouse, friends, other relatives, independent functioning, home, personal possessions, and pets in a relatively short time as grief accumulates a type of bereavement overload occurs which for some individuals presents an impossible task of grief work. * Ego defense mechanisms-defense mechanisms employed by the ego in the face of threat to biological or psychological integrity identified by Anna Freud 1953. Some of these are more adaptive than others, but all are used either consciously or unconsciously as protective devices for the ego in an effort to relieve mild to moderate anxiety. * Projection: Attributing feelings or impulses unacceptable to one’s self to another person. * Undoing:...
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...A kid with Hepatitis A can return to school 1 week within the onset of jaundice. 2. After a patient has dialysis they may have a slight fever...this is normal due to the fact that the dialysis solution is warmed by the machine. 3. Hyperkalemia presents on an EKG as tall peaked T-waves 4. The antidote for Mag Sulfate toxicity is ---Calcium Gluconate 5. Impetigo is a CONTAGEOUS skin disorder and the person needs to wash ALL linens and dishes seperate from the family. They also need to wash their hands frequently and avoid contact. positive sweat test. indicative of cystic fibrosis 1. Herbs: Black Cohosh is used to treat menopausal symptoms. When taken with an antihypertensive, it may cause hypotension. Licorice can increase potassium loss and may cause dig toxicity. 2. With acute appendicitis, expect to see pain first then nausea and vomiting. With gastroenitis, you will see nausea and vomiting first then pain. 3. If a patient is allergic to latex, they should avoid apricots, cherries, grapes, kiwi, passion fruit, bananas, avocados, chestnuts, tomatoes and peaches. 4. Do not elevate the stump after an AKA after the first 24 hours, as this may cause flexion contracture. 5. Beta Blockers and ACEI are less effective in African Americans than Caucasians. 1. for the myelogram postop positions. water based dye (lighter) bed elevated. oil based dye heavier bed flat. 2.autonomic dysreflexia- elevated bed first....then check foley...
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...VOLUME EDITOR S. WALLER is an Associate Professor of Philosophy at Montana State University Bozeman. Her areas of research are philosophy of neurology, philosophy of cognitive ethology (especially dolphins, wolves, and coyotes), and philosophy of mind, specifically the parts of the mind we disavow. SERIES EDITOR FRITZ ALLHOFF is an Assistant Professor in the Philosophy Department at Western Michigan University, as well as a Senior Research Fellow at the Australian National University’s Centre for Applied Philosophy and Public Ethics. In addition to editing the Philosophy for Everyone series, Allhoff is the volume editor or co-editor for several titles, including Wine & Philosophy (Wiley-Blackwell, 2007), Whiskey & Philosophy (with Marcus P. Adams, Wiley, 2009), and Food & Philosophy (with Dave Monroe,Wiley-Blackwell, 2007). P H I L O S O P H Y F O R E V E RYO N E Series editor: Fritz Allhoff Not so much a subject matter, philosophy is a way of thinking.Thinking not just about the Big Questions, but about little ones too.This series invites everyone to ponder things they care about, big or small, significant, serious … or just curious. Running & Philosophy: A Marathon for the Mind Edited by Michael W. Austin Wine & Philosophy: A Symposium on Thinking and Drinking Edited by Fritz Allhoff Food & Philosophy: Eat,Think and Be Merry Edited by Fritz Allhoff and Dave Monroe Beer & Philosophy: The Unexamined Beer Isn’t Worth Drinking Edited by Steven D. Hales Whiskey & Philosophy:...
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