...Analiysis ‘Muscle Binds’ Sport has been the object of cult for many centuries. However not everyone shares this position. The author of the article ‘Muscle binds’, Dina La Vardera, expresses her attitude to the sports activity. The article touches the problems of obsession by physical exercises. The author calls upon to remember that there are a lot of other pleasures except sport and it occasions more health and social problems than it seems. Being an expensive short-lasting fashion, exercises make people forget about everything except their beauty, even their own death does not matter anymore. They train the bodies but neglect the minds. According to the author it’s better to be a couch potato but not a self-righteous young person with rippling muscles. The title of the article reflects the contents of the article in full measure: one is bound to train not to have cellulite, one is bound to train to follow the fashion, one is bound to train to come to term with oneself, and finally, one is bound to train to be healthy. As the article is written in ironic way it is quite easy to read but the real sense is caught only by the end. It makes the reader understand that he/she is either a silly “hunk” or a lazy “potato”. The passage is written in a very chatty informal publicistic style to draw reader’s attention, to persuade them to get the author’s point of view and to entertain them. It is chosen for the target audience who consists of young people...
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... rst it might seem that such a command is rather silly and easy to ignore. But suppose you are in the army and the command is given by a superior ocer, or you're a child and the command is given by a parent, or you're in love and the command is given by your lover. In short, imagine that the command occurs in a markedly unequal relationship. Second, suppose that you can't step outside the situation to point out the absurdity of the command. There is no judge that you can appeal to. Then you would be in a major bind indeed. You would be in what psychologists call a \double bind": Anything you do can and will be used against you. Thus we see the three ingredients of a paradoxical command or double bind: (1) a strong complementary or asymmetrical relationship (ocer-subordinate) (2) that can't simply be terminated (because of society, laws, and so on) and (3) an apparently meaningful but logically contradictory order. A realistic example of a double bind is described by an old joke. An overbearing mother gives her son two shirts for his birthday. Trying to express his enthusiastic appreciation, the son rushes upstairs to try one on. As he comes down the stairs, the mother asks, \What's the matter? Didn't you like the other one?" In their book Pragmatics of Human Communication, Watzlawick, Beavin, and Jackson give other examples of paradoxical commands...
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...It would be gross injustice to categorize all children and youths as lacking in manners and morals, but the general trend would certainly suggest there has been a major decline among many of them. Family values have changed dramatically in the past few decades, producing a crop of undisciplined teenagers and children who lack morals and manners as a result of poor training. Good manners were once the norm with young people very much aware the older generation. Saying "please" and "thank you", giving up a seat on the bus and holding open doors were all considered normal mannerly behavior. Times have changed and we now live in a predominantly me-first society which is reflected in many young people. If good manners are taught at an early age, they will generally continue to be part of the personality of the young child all the way into adulthood. The lack of good manners observed in society in general is no doubt a reflection of the situation found within the home. Without parental example and training the area of manners, it is likely the children will sadly lack in displaying them. The same can be said of the lack of morals we find in many of today's youth. A large proportion of children have grown up with little or no respect for authority, for property, for family or even themselves. Living a life of immorality is considered normal behavior today and has produced a bumper crop of young people with venereal disease, unwanted pregnancies and a feeling of emptiness in their...
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...excitation of the skeletal muscle. An action potential can be defined as a short lasting electrical event on the plasma membrane of a cell, meaning that it is an electrical current that travels in the human body through neurons and muscle cells. In a neuron, the action potential is referred to as a nerve impulse. First, let’s go over the many parts of a neuron to get a better understanding. The neurons have these antenna like ends that are called dendrites. Dendrites are the part of the neuron that can capture a chemical signal and conduct that signal to other parts of the cell. The chemical signal travels from the dendrites to the body of the neuron which is also known as the soma. An interesting thing about the soma of a neuron is that it has a specific area called the hillock. Once the nerve impulse passes the dendrites, the soma and then finally the hillock, the signal will go through a long axis which is called the axon. The hillock can be described as the connection between the soma and...
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...the body system that consists of muscles, bones, neuromuscular junctions, ligaments, and tendons. The purpose of the musculoskeletal system is to generate force and to produce movement. This is done by contracting muscles which in turn pull bones and create movement. Like any body system, function follows form, and vice versa. The anatomy and position of the neuromuscular junction, sarcoplasmic reticulum and transverse tubules allow action potential to quickly spread across the entire muscle. The construction of a sarcomere allows it to contract quickly and efficiently. On the other hand, muscle contraction demonstrates that form follows function, as it is necessary for muscles to contract in a quick and coordinated...
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...is an autoimmune disease that typically affects both men and women who are in their 30’s, and it causes widespread muscle weakness by destroying the acetylcholine receptors. Myasthenia gravis usually begins with progressive muscle weakness that starts with the eyes and progresses to the mouth and other areas of the skeletal muscle. The acetylcholine synapse is a chemical synapse, it is composed of a presynaptic side which releases the neurotransmitter acetylcholine and postsynaptic side which houses gated ion channel receptors that bind to the acetylcholine neurotransmitter. Myasthenia gravis destroys those post-synaptic receptors. Therefore, acetylcholine is unable to bind to the receptors. When the action potential arrives at the axon terminal of the somatic motor...
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...unit in the human body and can only be seen with a microscope. There are many different types, shapes and sizes. Each type is specialised and carries out a particular function in the body. The types of cells include epithelial cells (the skin), muscle cells, nerve cells, bone cells and blood cells. Every cell has a nucleus, (except red blood cells), a cell membrane and cytoplasm. The nucleus contains the body’s genetic material; this directs all the metabolic activities of the cell. The cell membrane is semi-permeable and surrounds the cytoplasm. Its function is to protect the interior of the cell by allowing certain substances in and keeping others out. The cytoplasm is a gel like substance in which organelles are suspended. These include ribosomes, lysosomes, endoplasmic reticulum, golgi apparatus, mitrochondria, and centrioles. The organelles each have different functions within the cell. Tissues – a group of cells is known as a tissue. Different types of tissues are found in different organs. Humans have four different types of tissue: Epithelial tissue – this covers the body surface. The major functions are protection, secretion, absorption and filtration. Connective tissue – this is the most abundant tissue in the body. It binds structures together and forms a framework and support for organs. It also helps protect the body against disease and helps repair tissue damage. This tissue type is also a transport system for substances to be carried around the body and helps...
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...LECTURE 10-19 OBJECTIVES Lecture 10 1. Describe the functions of the various types of muscle * Skeletal- limb movement * Cardiac- heart movements * Smooth- movements of hollow organs 2. Describe the involvement of connective tissue in a skeletal muscle * Endomysium- surrounds and fills up spaces between individual muscle fibers * Perimysium- ensheaths muscle fascicles (bundles of muscle fibers) * Epimysium- ensheaths the whole muscle 3. Name the components of a skeletal muscle fiber and describe their function * Sarcoplasm- cytoplasm * Sarcolemma- plasma membrane * T-tubules- inward extensions of the sarcolemma * Mitochondria- provide ATP * Sarcoplasmic reticulum- endoplasmic reticulum * Myofibril- contains thick and thin filaments, myosin and actin 4. Sketch a myofibril 5. Describe the neuromuscular junction * Junction of a muscle fiber and axon of motor neuron it is attached to 6. Name the neurotransmitter used at the neuromuscular function * Acetylcholine 7. Draw a diagram showing how the thin and thick filaments are organized in the sarcomere and list the five steps involved in the contraction of a muscle fiber 8. Define what is meant by excitation-contraction coupling, and describe how it works * The coupling of nerve impulse with muscle contraction hinges around the release of calcium ions * 1, the action of acetylcholine cause a wave of electrical depolarization to spread...
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...It's best to breathe in and out with the lifting and lowering of the weight. As you lift, breathe out and the opposite as the weight is lowered to the beginning position. All your muscles can be worked including legs, chest, shoulders and abdomen, and don't forget about the backs of the arms and legs too. Tips for Your Weight Lifting Routine Don't Ignore Your Body It's vital that you listen to the messages from your body. If you're doing an arm strengthening exercise, yet, your lower back hurts, that means you're doing the repetitions incorrectly. Pressure on the joints is also a bad sign. It's time to check your form or lower the weight. Weekly Progression When you start your weight lifting routine, you'll likely start in the 5 to 10 pound range of weights. Make sure you're challenging yourself during your routine. You don't have to increase the weights each week, but don't get boring with your routine. Think about...
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...consists of varying amounts and varity of non-living, intercellular substance between them. It is the level between cells and organs. There are four types of tissue: Epithelial – tissue that is widespread throughout the body. They form the covering of all the body surfaces and are the main tissue found in glands. Epithelial tissue performs a variety of functions that include protection, secretion, absorption, filtration and sensory reception. Connective - tissue that binds structures together, and forms a framework and support for organs and the body as a whole. Connective tissue also acts as a transport system for substances to be carried around the body, and helps store fat. This type of tissue helps protect the body against disease and helps repair tissue damage. They occur throughout the body and are able to reproduce, but not as quickly as epithelial tissue. Nervous – tissue is found in the brain, spinal cord, and nerves. It coordinates and controls many of the body’s activities. It stimulates muscle contraction, and plays a major role in...
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...The Four Basic Human Body Structure Units and Their Functions The four basic human body structure units are cells, tissues, organs and systems which, all working together make the human body function. The cells are the core structure that make up the human body, although there are many different shapes, sizes and types they consist of three main parts, the cell membrane which maintains the shape of the cell and separates and controls the movement of material into and out of the cell, the nucleus which contains the cells DNA and determines its structure and function and the cytoplasm which is the fluid in the cell that contains the organelles which perform its specific functions. There are many cell functions dependant on the cell type but the generalized functions are molecule transport, reproduction and protein synthesis. Molecule transport is the transfer of material through the cell membrane, there are two ways this happens, diffusion and active transport. Diffusion is when molecules such as oxygen, carbon dioxide and water move from areas where there are many of the particles to areas with less. Active transport is when substances are at lower concentration and require energy to be transferred. There are two means of active transport, endocytosis which is the movement of molecules from outside to inside the cell and exocytosis which is movement of molecules from inside to outside the cell, both performed through the formation of vesicles which package the molecules...
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...cells is called a tissue and the study of the structure, form of cells and tissue is called histology. Tissues Tissue is a group/organisation of a number of similar cells, not all identical but from the same origin, that carry out a similar function, which also consists of varying amounts and varity of non-living, intercellular substance between them. It is the level between cells and organs. There are four types of tissue: Epithelial – tissue that is widespread throughout the body. They form the covering of all the body surfaces and are the main tissue found in glands. Epithelial tissue performs a variety of functions that include protection, secretion, absorption, filtration and sensory reception. Connective - tissue that binds structures together, and forms a framework and support for organs and the body as a whole. Connective tissue also acts as a transport system for substances to be carried around the body, and helps store fat. This type of tissue helps protect the body against disease and helps repair tissue damage. They occur throughout the body and are able to reproduce, but not as quickly as epithelial tissue. Nervous – tissue is found in the brain, spinal...
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...our daily lives, our muscles become binded, underactive, and dysfunctional. Many of us never pay any attention to this occurrence until pain elicits a response urging us to seek medical attention. Of course, many people will turn to traditional medicine for a solution, often receiving medication to cover the pain caused; never correcting the root cause of the pain. As time moves on surgery may be suggested by the traditional practitioner and that solution only affords a few more years before the same symptoms will return or even less time to create a new problem in a surrounding tissue, then the process comes full circle. A reason for the binded, under active, and dysfunctional muscles is the accumulation of scar tissue. By definition scar tissue, or cicatricial tissue, is the dense fibrous tissue forming a matrix, derived directly from granulation tissue. For the purpose of this paper I will use the term scar tissue throughout its length. Scar tissue binds up and ties down tissues that need to move freely. This dense, fibrous tissue affects us all and is an underlying factor in many injuries. As scar tissue builds up, muscles become shorter and weaker, tension on tendons causes tendinosis, nerves can become trapped, and altered movement patterns result causing discomfort often pain. “All these problems can cause reduced range of motion, loss of strength as well as tingling, numbness, and weakness” [1]. Scar tissue forms two different ways: first, if a muscle, tendon, or ligament...
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...Biology 115 Semester List of Structures Chapter One Anatomy is the study of body structure and the relationship between structures Physiology is the study of how the structures of the body function Levels of Structural Organization Chemical Cell Tissue Organ Organ system Organism Homeostasis Positive feedback loop Negative feedback loop Relative Positions Superior Inferior Anterior Posterior Medial Lateral Bilateral Ipsilateral Contralateral Proximal Distal Superficial Deep Body Sections Sagittal Transverse (horizontal) Frontal (coronal) Body Regions See Figure 1.17 Chapter Two Chemistry Matter Element Major elements Carbon Oxygen Hydrogen Nitrogen Atom Subatomic particles Protons Neutrons Electrons Atomic number Atomic weight Isotopes Chemical bonds Ionic bonds Covalent bonds Polar Nonpolar Hydrogen bonds Chemical reactions Synthesis (anabolic) reactions Simple sugar + simple sugar → Carbohydrate Bond between sugars- Glycosidic bond Function of carbohydrates- energy source Amino acid + amino acid → Protein Bond between amino acids- Peptide bond Function of Proteins – body structure and functional molecules Nucleotide + nucleotide → Nucleic acid Bond between nucleotides- Phosphodiester bond Function of nucleic acids- DNA stores genetic information - RNA intermediary between DNA and protein Glycerol + 3 fatty acids → Triglyceride (lipids) Bond...
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...Social Care The structure of the main tissues of the body- P2 A humans body is made up entirely of cells, without cells there would be no body. Tissues are basically groups of cells, that have almost the shape and function, and there are four main tissues of the body, which are: Epithelial tissue, Connective tissue, Nervous tissue and Muscle tissue. Epithelial tissue- Epithelial tissue is one of the most important tissues of the body as it covers all of the surface of the human body. This tissue is made up of cells which are all packed in one or multiple layers. The main job of this tissue is to form the covering or lining of all of the internal and external bodies surfaces. Epithelial cells are packed tightly together, with almost spaces between them, and only a small amount of inter cellular substance. Inter celluar substance is the bodies substance in which tissue cells are embedded. No matter what the type is, Epithelial tissue is usually separated from the underlying tissue by a thin sheet of connective tissue, this is called basement membrane. The basement membrane's job is to provide structural support for the epithelium and also to bind it to neighboring structures. Connective tissue- The main role of connective tissue is to fill in the spaces between organs and tissues, and also to provide structural and metabolic support for other tissues and organs. Connective tissue is made up of cells and extra cellular matrix. The extra cellular matrix is made up of fibers in a...
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