...nd Chronic Effects of Exercise on the Body Describe the musculoskeletal, energy systems, cardiovascular and respiratory systems responses to acute exercise (P1 & P2) Explain the response of the musculoskeletal, cardiovascular and respiratory systems responses to acute exercise (M1) There are a number of ways which the musculoskeletal system responds to acute exercise. These include: Musculoskeletal: • Increased blood supply- When we exercise there is an increased demand from the body for oxygen. More oxygen is required in order for our muscles to function; they require more oxygen as a result of the muscles having to work harder when we exercise. To allow an increased heart rate which brings more blood around the body warming up must occur on the behalf of the person. When the muscles work there is also a high demand for other nutrients such as fats and carbohydrates, these are used to make the adenosine triphosphate which is used for energy. The blood vessels in...
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...Unit 2: Physiology of Fitness (P1) Describe the musculoskeletal and energy systems response to acute exercise. Musculoskeletal Responses to acute exercise Increased Blood Supply As you start to exercise your muscles start to increase their need for oxygen and there is a higher demand of other nutrients such as carbohydrates and fats which are needed to produce adenosine triphosphate. . In the body, red blood cells are used to transport oxygen around the body. To do this more comfortably and quickly, blood vessels expands to allow more blood to enter your muscles. Due to this increase in activity the demands for oxygen is much greater. This extra demand is met by an increase in blood supply through capillary dilation or constriction. Allowing the body to control the flow of blood (blood shunting). Look at blood supply difference to muscles during exercise! Increase in muscle pliability Having pliable...
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...Test 2 – AF202 Prep |Basic Anatomy Gas Laws | |Part 61 Certification Pilots, Flight Instructors and Ground Instructors | |.14—Refusal to submit to a drug or alcohol test | |.15—Offenses involving alcohol or drugs | |.16—Refusal to submit to an alcohol test or to furnish test results | |.23—Medical certificates: Requirement and duration | |.31g—Additional training required for operating pressurized aircraft capable of operating at high altitudes | |.53—Prohibition on operations during medical deficiency | |Part 67 Medical Standards & Certification | |Part 91 ...
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...ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY P2, P3 4/27/2015 Khadra Ali | P1 – Outline the functions of the main cell components The human body is made up of millions of tiny cells that can only be seen under a microscope, cell also vary in shape and size. Cells are the basic structural of all living things. The human body is poised of trillions of cells. They give structure for the body, take in nutrients from food, convert those nutrients into energy, and carry out specialized functions. Cells also contain the body’s hereditary material and can make copies of them. Cells all have different sizes, shapes, and jobs to do. Each cell has a different function. The actual definition of cells is the smallest structural unit of the body that is capable of independent functioning, it consisting of one or more nuclei; it has a cytoplasm, and various organelles which are all surrounded by a cell membrane. There are four main parts to a cell; Plasma/Cell membrane, Cytoplasm, Nucleus and Cell Organelles. Plasma/Cell membrane: The plasma/cell membrane is a phospho-lipid-protein bi-layer; the lipids are small fatty molecules in two layers (bi-layer) with larger protein molecules inserted at intervals partly or completely through the bi-layer. The lipid molecules are phospholipids, the two lipid chains are insoluble in water and the phosphate head is water soluble. The fluid which surrounds the cells and the cytoplasm are watery environments next to the phosphate heads. Protein molecules create channels...
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...Unit 2 task 1 – Know the body’s response to acute exercise Grading criteria – P1, M1 Musculoskeletal response to exercise Your skeletal system responds to acute exercise just like your muscles. High intensity physical activity can reduce the risk of bone loss. Regular exercise may provide long-term benefits, especially for skeletal systems in children and young adults. http://www.livestrong.com/article/359456-your-skeletal-systems-response-to-exercise/ Your skeletal system responds to exercise by taking in more calcium. Osteoblasts are cells that bring calcium into bones, they slow down and transport less calcium from your blood to your bones during inactivity, but when exercising it has the opposite effect and increases osteoblastic activity. Exercise that require force through a particular bone strengthens that bone. Myoglobin releases its stored oxygen to use in aerobic respiration. During exercise oxygen is diffused into the muscles from the capillaries more quickly due to the decreased oxygen concentration in the muscles. Exercise helps you increase the density and strength of your bones this enables us to maintain muscle strength, coordination, and balance, which helps to prevent falls and related fractures later in life. Muscles and tendons becomes more pliable when they are warm, this helps reduce the risk of injury, and this is because during acute exercise the muscles contract quicker. These fast muscle contractions generate heat, which makes the muscles more...
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...IDENTIFY A HEALTH BEHAVIOR OR DISEASE THAT HAS A SIGNIFICANT IMPACT UPON A HEALTHY LIFESTYLE. The developed world has witnessed a growing trend in contemporary health issues. Society has been subjected to an unprecedented increase in availability and choice, these factors influencing both temptation and convenience within the modern lifestyle. It is recognized that the contributory factors to a person’s health are not confined solely to the body’s biological state, ‘health is seen to be a state valued not in nature, but in society’ (Murcott, 1979). Globally a steady increase in the amount of seriously overweight and obese adults and children has been observed, ‘There are now about one billion people worldwide who are overweight or obese’ (Ford Runge, 2007). Obesity is a major health concern and in danger of reaching epidemic proportions. Overweight and obese individuals risk the distinct possibility of a diminished quality of life and the consequence of developing serious illness and society in general is burdened with the financial implications of treatment. This essay will identify why obesity is a major health issue and examine its causes and associated behaviors. Overweight and obesity are terms that refer to an excess of body fat, the findings of a study conducted by the National Audit Office (2001) states that ‘Obesity is a condition in which weight gain has reached the point of seriously endangering health’. This opinion was reinforced in a report published by...
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...BTEC Edexcel Level 2 BTEC First Certificate and Edexcel Level 2 BTEC First Diplomas in Sport For first teaching from September 2006 Issue 2 March 2007 Specification Edexcel Level 2 BTEC First Certificate and Edexcel Level 2 BTEC First Diplomas in Sport Edexcel, a Pearson company, is the UK’s largest awarding body offering academic and vocational qualifications and testing to more than 25,000 schools, colleges, employers and other places of learning here and in over 100 countries worldwide. We deliver 9.4 million exam scripts each year, with 3 million marked onscreen in 2005. Our qualifications include GCSE, AS and A Level, GNVQ, NVQ and the BTEC suite of vocational qualifications from entry level to BTEC Higher National Diplomas and Foundation Degrees. We also manage the data collection, marking and distribution of the National Curriculum Tests at Key Stages 2 and 3, and the Year 7 Progress Tests. References to third party material made in this specification are made in good faith. Edexcel does not endorse, approve or accept responsibility for the content of materials, which may be subject to change, or any opinions expressed therein. (Material may include textbooks, journals, magazines and other publications and websites.) Authorised by Jim Dobson Prepared by Dominic Sutton Publications Code BF017349 All the material in this publication is copyright © Edexcel Limited 2007 Essential principles for delivering a BTEC This specification contains the rules...
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...The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Printed in the United States of America. Except as permitted under the United States Copyright Act of 1976, no part of this publication may be reproduced or distributed in any form or by any means, or stored in a database or retrieval system, without prior written permission of the publisher. This McGraw-Hill Create text may include materials submitted to McGraw-Hill for publication by the instructor of this course. The instructor is solely responsible for the editorial content of such materials. Instructors retain copyright of these additional materials. ISBN-10: 1121789048 ISBN-13: 9781121789043 McGraw-Hill Create™ Review Copy for Instructor Espinoza. Not for distribution. Contents 1. Preface 1 2. Methods, Standards, and Work Design: Introduction 7 Problem-Solving Tools 27 3. Tex 29 4. Operation Analysis 79 5. Manual Work Design 133 6. Workplace, Equipment, and Tool Design 185 7. Work Environment Design 239 8. Design of Cognitive Work 281 9. Workplace and Systems Safety 327 10. Proposed Method Implementation 379 11. Time Study 413 12. Performance Rating and Allowances 447 13. Standard Data and Formulas 485 14. Predetermined Time Systems 507 15. Work Sampling 553 16. Indirect and Expense Labor Standards 585 17. Standards Follow-Up and Uses 611 18. Wage Payment 631 19. Training and Other Management Practices 655 20. Appendix 1: Glossary 685 21. Appendix 2: Helpful Formulas 704 22. Appendix 3: Special Tables 706 23. Index...
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...MODELS FOR ESTIMATION OF ISOMETRIC WRIST JOINT TORQUES USING SURFACE ELECTROMYOGRAPHY by Amirreza Ziai B.Eng., Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, 2008 THESIS SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF APPLIED SCIENCE In the School of Engineering Science Faculty of Applied Science © Amirreza Ziai 2011 SIMON FRASER UNIVERSITY Summer 2011 All rights reserved. However, in accordance with the Copyright Act of Canada, this work may be reproduced, without authorization, under the conditions for Fair Dealing. Therefore, limited reproduction of this work for the purposes of private study, research, criticism, review and news reporting is likely to be in accordance with the law, particularly if cited appropriately. APPROVAL Name: Degree: Title of Thesis: Amirreza Ziai M.A.Sc Models for estimation of isometric wrist joint torques using surface electromyography Examining Committee: Chair: Parvaneh Saeedi, P.Eng Assistant Professor – School of Engineering Science ______________________________________ Dr. Carlo Menon, P.Eng Senior Supervisor Assistant Professor – School of Engineering Science ______________________________________ Dr. Shahram Payandeh, P.Eng Supervisor Professor – School of Engineering Science ______________________________________ Dr. Bozena Kaminska, P.Eng Examiner Professor – School of Engineering Science Date Defended/Approved: _________September 2, 2011 ______________ ii ABSTRACT With an aging...
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