...Music history, sometimes called historical musicology, is the highly diverse subfield of the broader discipline of musicology that studies the composition, performance, reception, and criticism of music over time. Historical studies of music are for example concerned with a composer's life and works, the developments of styles and genres (such as baroque concertos), the social function of music for a particular group of people (such as music at the court), or the modes of performance at a particular place and time (such as the performance forces of Johann Sebastian Bach's choir in Leipzig). In theory, "music history" could refer to the study of the history of any type or genre of music (e.g., the history of Indian music or the history of rock). In practice, these research topics are nearly always categorized as part of ethnomusicology or cultural studies, whether or not they are ethnographically based. The methods of music history include source studies (esp. manuscript studies), paleography, philology (especially textual criticism), style criticism, historiography (the choice of historical method), musical analysis, and iconography. The application of musical analysis to further these goals is often a part of music history, though pure analysis or the development of new tools of music analysis is more likely to be seen in the field of music theory. (For a more detailed discussion of the methods see the section on "Research in Music History" below) Some of the intellectual products...
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...What is Music? The problem with answering the question “What is music?” is understanding what would constitute a proper answer. Music arises from human behaviour, and the study of human behaviour is part of biology. So any question about music is a question about biology, and every question about biology requires an answer within the framework of Darwin’s theory of evolution by natural selection. 2.1 Music is Something We Like What is music? It’s what comes out of the speakers when we play a CD on our stereo. It’s what we hear on the radio. Music is singers singing and musicians playing. Music is a sound that we enjoy hearing. Is this a proper answer to the question “What is music?”? If I asked “What is a car?”, you could answer by pointing at a large object moving up the street and saying “It’s one of those.” But this may not be a satisfactory answer. A full explanation of what a car is would mention petrol, internal combustion engines, brakes, suspension, transmission and other mechanical things that make a car go. And we don’t just want to know what a car is; we also want to know what a car is for. An explanation of what a car is for would include the facts that there are people and other things (like shopping) inside cars and that the purpose of cars is to move people and things from one place to another. By analogy, a good answer to the question “What is music?” will say something about the detailed mechanics of music: instruments, notes, scales, rhythm...
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...attention to the basics of music because it has already been revealed in the literature that generalist teachers who are teaching in the foundations of human learning is not fully equipped. There is a need for in-service training programs in teaching music specifically on the foundation of music, the rhythmic skills, for it will serve as a stepping stone for our pupils to cope with the necessary music skills in the 21st Century. Framework of the Study Bhargava and Pathy (2011) stated that education in holistic approach will serve many purposes. It will empower a person to widen his perspective to his family and society....
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...ByZantine Music culture Body What is known today as Byzantine music has been developed and refined for over two millennia. With its earliest roots going back to Pythagoras' philosophy on the division of chords, its latest and final revision took place in 1881 in the city of Istanbul; the city still referred to by the practitioners of this complex art by its more ancient name of Constantinople. For the purposes of this essay, the name Constantinople will refer to the city up to and including the present day. To provide for a clearer understanding of the theory of Byzantine music, the process of the development of Byzantine music as it is known today will be divided into two eras. We will call these two eras pre-Byzantine, and Byzantine periods of musical development. The pre-Byzantine part of the essay will cover developments made before the foundation of Constantinople. This period includes everything before c. 330 C.E. The Byzantine period will include all of the advancements made after the founding of Constantinople and the Byzantine Empire. Every refinement made up to the present day, the most important dates being the simplification of the notation in 1821 by John Koukouzeles and the great council of 1881, will be included in this period, but not, unfortunately in the essay. Although there is a very significant part played by notational theory on the development of Byzantine music theory and Hymnography, the scope of this essay does not allow for us to delve into...
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...playing music I learned and experienced many things that I believe that has helped me become a better performer, as well as when it comes to not only playing but know the theory of music. In my years as a high school student I had a goal of wanting to challenge myself so I can see how far I can push my limits. I would say that the only person who truly helped me become better of what I needed to achieve my goals is my director delph, always making me do things outside of my comfort zone. I serve my time outside of school by performing in football and basketball games as well as going to festivals, school performances and this year i’ve gone to WIBC which is where I get the chance to go to seattle for about 4 days and get to play with the best high school musicians in the Western States performing with famous composers. I as well started to take music theory so I can have a better understanding of reading the music better. I would say my biggest strength would have to be playing the clarinet but what I lack the most is the theory of music, there were parts where I can’t seem to truly understand how music works when it comes to intervals or the tetrachords. If I failed on something I would most likely try to overcome it by studying or asking my teacher for help so I myself can grasp an understanding of it....
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...process information in very different ways. The learning styles theory implies that how much individuals learn has more to do with whether the educational experience is geared toward their particular style of learning than whether or not they are “smart.” In fact, educators should not ask, “Is this student smart?” but rather “How is this student smart?” Discussion The concept of learning styles is rooted in the classification of psychological types. The learning styles theory is based on research demonstrating that, as the result of heredity, upbringing, and current environmental demands, different individuals have a tendency to both perceive and process information differently. The different ways of doing so are generally classified as: 1. Concrete and abstract perceivers–Concrete perceivers absorb information through direct experience, by doing, acting, sensing, and feeling. Abstract perceivers, however, take in information through analysis, observation, and thinking. 2. Active and reflective processors–Active processors make sense of an experience by immediately using the new information. Reflective processors make sense of an experience by reflecting on and thinking about it. Traditional schooling tends to favor abstract perceiving and reflective processing. Other kinds of learning aren’t rewarded and reflected in curriculum, instruction, and assessment nearly as much. How the Learning Styles Theory Impacts Education Curriculum–Educators must place emphasis on...
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...Scientifically, music is defined as any series of sounds that is percieved as pleasant to one’s aural senses. This is a crude answer, however, and ignores the complexity of thought and emotion within the elements of music. Throughout my own life, I have found a deep appreciation and utter infatuation with music, performing, and understanding its technical elements, and I have come to understand it as something more than sound. While the very basis of music to most anyone would be sound, most any self proclaimed music lover knows that it is more than that. It is commonly said by all that music is art, and that music is expression, but even this phrase lacks the depth of what my understanding of music has come to be. From a personal standpoint, music is an expressive device and a language. I often find myself immersed in music, be it listening, reading,...
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...Looking for the music in John Cage’s “4.33” John Milton Cage born in 1915 is one of the best known experimental composers of our time. Cage began to create music that broke the boundaries of form and structure. He had a strong belief that every sound should be considered as a form of music. By combining his theories of invention with his compositional techniques he led music into the modern world. Many music critics have suggested that Cage was more of an inventor rather than a composer. Speaking on Cage, Arnold Schoenberg (1994) states “Of course he's not a composer, but he's an inventor -- of genius” (Perloff & Junkerman, P 157). Whether an inventor or composer, there is no denying that Cage’s composition “4.33” also known as “four and a half minutes of silence” has led to considerable controversy. It has also forced us to look closely at the definition of music. The 1952 piece, in which performer David Tudor sat at the piano for four minutes and thirty-three seconds marking off the time in three movements but did not play a single note, tested the idea that there is no such thing as silence. Cage (1988) claims that “Everything we do is music" and “try as we may to make a silence, we cannot.”(Kostelanetz, 1988, P69-70). I intend to examine “4.33” and determine whether it is possible for us to appreciate Cage’s ideology and hear the music in his favourite composition. Cage was heavily influenced by the eastern philosophy and it taught him to perceive music in a whole new...
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...Genuine voices, is an organization that brings music to juvenile jails. They allow the kids to make music with trained instructors. This program is good for the children, because it can help make their time in the jail pass a little faster. It also gives the kids something to look forward to. Some boys are making songs for a program called “Music is Medicine” which is given to children who have terminal illnesses. These songs not only make the boy creating it feel better, but also make the child listening to it feel better. It is a common thought that the boys have nothing to contribute to society, but the “Music is Medicine” program is another example of how they could still help society. Wilkerson thinks that the reason society thinks...
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...Professor Schmidt 3/20/2016 Phil 195 Philosophy and Music Exam answer the following short answer questions: 1. How did the views of music change from the Middle Ages through the Renaissance/ Enlightenment? Music in the Middle ages continued on the idea from agent Greeks that there were two separate ideas or views of music, First type of music was the music seen as proper, the proper music was seen almost as a branch of knowledge, including the math and ratio behind a musical number, in this instance music was considered as an aid to spiritual experiences and was seen as a holy endeavor on its own. The second type of Music was the improper form of music, which is used as temptation, which seemed to coerce the body to move rather than exercising and expanding one’s mind. This kind of music almost had a demonic takeover kind of characteristic to it, this music takes one’s mind away from reason and toward instinctual behaviors. During the renaissance arguments would be made for both of these views of music, one can see how arguments can be made for which form of music is more natural. The mathematical relationship intertwined in a piece of shows how music in this form is almost connected to some kind of universal truth. Whereas music as a mover of a body, can be seen as natural because it seems to trigger some kind of evolutionary switch inside of...
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...play music from one of the largest music schools Summary- This article intends to provide detailed information to the viewers’ about the services offered by Central Coast Conservatorium. What does the Guitar Lessons include at Central Coast Conservatorium? • The guitar classes include bass guitar, electric guitar, acoustic guitar and jazz guitar. • The music school has an excellent guitar teaching staff namely Ashley Turner, Steve Smillie and Guy Strazz. • They teach guitar in many styles including country, contemporary, rock, blues, classical, pop, and chording. • These teachers know how to teach the theory and technique to the students within a given set of time period. • At Central Coast Conservatorium, the lessons on guitar are enhanced by the chance of learning how to play along with other musicians in a rock band setting or how to perform solo. Moreover, Central Coast Conservatorium allows people of all ages to get enrolled. What other lessons does Central Coast Conservatorium offer? Central Coast Conservatorium offers lesson on • Brass • Percussion • Conducting • Keyboard • Piano • Singing • String • Woodwind • Jazz...
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...Music has always been a big part of my life starting from being an active member of many Chorale groups throughout the years, to learning piano and studying Music Theory. However, it was during my junior year of High School that I gained interest in more than just the subject of Music. I realized that I wanted to be apart of the people who are "behind the scenes", the people that that contribute to bringing certain aspects of entertainment to life through the Business. So its safe to say that I have not only developed a strong interest in music, but also the vast areas of the Music Industry and Entertainment Business. After reviewing the numerous academic opportunities at Pace, I realized that this is the perfect school for me to study the Art and Entertainment business and develop the overall knowledge and skills to be successful in my career. Because my desired career has to do with not only the entertainment business but also the arts, I knew that New York City was the perfect place to study the many aspects of both. I was in search of an urban campus with professional and cultural diversity; also potential resources to help me progress throughout the next four years. Pace University seems to provide a nurturing environment to the students who attend, and as a freshman I am looking for a school that can provide me with the necessary tools I need to be successful in the entertainment and business world. I know that Pace has a lot to offer and I would welcome the honor to attend...
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... Something that you would do anything for? For me, that something is playing music, and it has changed my life. There is absolutely nothing that I would rather do than to pick up a pair of sticks or mallets and start playing. In short, music is my life. 1.Because of all this, I have decided on a career in music directing. The salary may not be the best, but there are many other benefits of going into this career, such as the fact that there are next to zero health hazards, you have time to spend with your family, and you are able to fully enjoy your job. You will have some responsibilities, of course, but...
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...students. The Alaska School Activities Association also conducts music festivals All-State and Solo and Ensemble. The music festival can range from choir, orchestra, and band. A scholastic choir is the embodiment group of singers. A student taking the class can increase their musical abilities and learn how to work in a group. The choral group prepares themselves since the first day of class for the Alaska School Activities Association. A person joining choir must sing to the director, that...
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...The Influence of Music on Self and Society - Values in Music in Eastern and Western Cultures David Eaton July, 2003 Throughout history the unspoken but highly evocative language of music has exerted powerful influences on individuals and societies alike. Felix Mendelssohn once remarked that music is more specific about what it expresses than words written about those expressions could ever be. That music has the power to express, convey and illicit powerful emotions is without question, however the issue of music's moral and ethical power, and how that power affects individuals and societies, is one that receives too little attention in our post-modern world. Ancient cultures held strong beliefs in the moral and ethical power of music and as such it was imperative for artists within those cultures to exercise a certain moral and ethical responsibility in their creative endeavors. As a professional musician for over thirty years I concur with that premise and it is primarily from the axiological, rather than a theoretical or aesthetic viewpoint that I approach this discourse. The responsibility of artists to the social environment in which they live and work is something that I have always had strong sentiments. As we now find ourselves beginning a new millennium, questions with regards to music's origins, its spiritual, religious and mystical properties, its moral and ethical power, its transcendent qualities, the role of the arts and artists and the importance of art in general...
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