...History of Music History of Music Music has been around sense the dawn of time. When man first started to discover music it was not the kind of music we have today. All it consisted of was grunts, moans, and banging things. Music has evolved just as much as the people that created it. From Chromagnum men to musician and from grunting too classical music, rock, and rap. The first people imitated music from nature. They mimicked the sound from their every day life. It had no rhythm, beat, or tune it was just noise, but later turned into what we now call music. Ancient people used music for much more than entertainment they used it in every day life. They would yell and scream during battle, blow a horn as a warning, have ceremonies to honor the dead or bring the rain, signal danger, to show your importance in society, it was also used as a healing power. On the front lines of battle would be a soldier that would be holding a drum or a flute. When this was a common act the instruments would be spread around to different cultures after a battle. This brought on a new way of looking at music. Around the 16th century people started to collect instead of play music. A persons hands and feet were the first of all the instruments and is still the most common, because every one has them. A persons hands and feet were readily available, and easy to use. The drum is the second most common percussion instrument. Like most of the other instruments the drum was found by accident...
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...Charlie Chaplin composed his own music for City Lights (1931), Modern Times (1936) and Limelight (1952). That was the exception, and few film-makers would imitate him. He wasn't clear at all whose job was to score the soundtracks. German cabaret pianist Friedrich Hollaender scored Josef von Sternberg's Der Blaue Engel/ The Blue Angel (1930), which included Marlene Dietrich's signature tune Ich bin von Kopf bis Fuss auf Liebe Eingestellt/ Falling In Love Again. Von Sternberg kept changing musicians: Karl Hajos scored Morocco (1930) and Franke Harling Shangai Express (1932) and The Scarlet Empress (1934). In the 1930s, after a few years of experimentation, scoring film soundtracks became an art in earnest thanks to a small group of foreign-born musicians, first and foremost two Austrian-born and classically-trained composers. Erich-Wolfgang Korngold's coined a lush, overwhelming, operatic style with Michael Curtiz's Captain Blood (1935) and especially The Adventures of Robin Hood (1938) and The Sea Hawk (1940), as well as Charles Gerhardt's Anthony Adverse (1936) and Sam Wood's Kings Row (1942). Max Steiner explored many different moods, sensational in Ernest Schoedsack's King Kong (1933), one of the first soundtracks to rely heavily on sound effects, pathetic in Victor Fleming's Gone With The Wind (1939), including Tara and countless references to traditional songs, exotic in Michael Curtiz's Casablanca (1942), melodramatic in Irving Rapper's Now Voyager (1942), gloomy...
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...middle ages Different eras provided different kinds of lifestyles, and can be seen through the music that people listened to, or the architecture that was prevalent in those times. The middle ages lasted from about 476 to 1420 AD, and ended at the fall of the Roman Empire. In the middle ages, music was played through either the church, or the within the secular places such as the streets or the divine office. Also, at those times, only monophony was used because music was mainly made for chant. Also so people can participate by singing along as well as provide a better voice to the audience because of the bad acoustics of chapels. Furthermore, the Middle Ages was a time when a lot of growth happened, such as the rise of troubadours. Troubadours became known within the secular portion of the empires in the middle ages, and became popular within monarchs and noblemen very quickly. The troubadours were well known for their expressions for chivalry and courtly love. Troubadours become popular in the 12th and 13th centuries of the middle ages. They were very popular in the middle ages because the rise of troubadours was a significant movement in the arts. The influence of the troubadours became so large in the Middle Ages that it spread through different countries of Western Europe, such as Spain and Italy. Troubadours became so popular in the middle ages because they played music and poetry together. This was something unheard of before the starting of the troubadours. Troubadours...
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...• A complex problem such as the GFC has many causes (economic, political, etc.). Your task is to focus on the organizational causes that contributed to the crisis. • You are required to use at least two organizational theories and/or concepts from the pensum to motivate your answer, making sure that you make a clear reference to them in your answer and within the literature list that is to be included at the end of your assignment. It is recommended that you focus on explaining a few possible causes in detail instead of discussing ten superficially. • You are required to select relevant data to produce justified answers to the research question relating such data to the theory and concepts selected. Sources of data can include newspapers, annual reports, statistical databases, websites, etc. Make sure that you make a clear reference to the data sources in your answer and in the reference list that is to be included at the end of your assignment. • Note that the level of analysis that you can use is quite open. For example, you might choose to see it from an inter-organizational perspective, from a field level (i.e. industry level) or from the perspective of an individual organization. It is recommended, however that you are very clear on the level that you are choosing. • Finally, note that you may want to use the literature, videos and presentations used during the Case Days as a starting point. A list of resources used to build the Global Financial Case in class is uploaded...
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...Luis Matos Introduction to Music Term Paper 28 April 2012 The History of Electronic Music Electronic music is one of the most inspiring and artistic forms of music in the world today. Even though electric music is not a new style or form of music, it’s still changing and evolving today. Electric music can vary from instruments like Theremin, synthesizer, and the keyboard to simple computers. These instruments create/synthesize or manipulate sound. Electric music was first introduced in the mid-20th century by Thaddeaus Cahill. He introduced the Dynamaphone which was an array of dynamos that produced many pitches. This was the first instance of electronic music. While this wasn’t a particular instrument it still proved that pitches could be released through electronics. For some time after the Dynamaphone was introduced, there were no real significant advances in electronic music. Many speculated what the “future” of music would sound like, but nothing was introduced until the year 1919. That year was when the Theremin was introduced. “The Theremin is a purely melodic electronic musical instrument typically played by moving the hands in the electromagnetic fields surrounding two projecting antennae” (Webster 1). This instrument was the first and only instrument that could be played without actually touching it. It was created by Lev Termen in Russia. In the United States he is known as non-other than Leon Theremin. This instrument is monophonic and has two rods. One rod...
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...A term paper discussing Russian music Presented to: Michel El Zoghbi Prepared by: Maher Moubarak Mirna El Khoury Outline: 1. Abstract 2. Introduction 3. Literature Review 4. Centuries 5. Instruments 6. Effects on Russian Music: * Effects of War * Problems caused by Russian Climate 7. Conclusion 8. References Abstract: This term paper will be discussing the history of the Russian music and its evolvement. Moreover, it will include some native instruments and the effect of weather, war, and religion on the Russian music. Introduction: Beginning from the sacred music of the Russian Orthodox Church and passing through diverse centuries, the Russian music was and will always be legacy in the history of international music. Two major genres formed the early history of the Russian music. These genres are: the secular music used for entertainment and the sacred music of the Orthodox Church . The sacred music draws its tradition from the Byzantine Empire. Neumes were developed for musical notation, and as a result several examples of medieval sacred music have survived, among them two stichera composed by Tsar Ivan IV in the 16th century. Literature Review Folk music is certainly the oldest type of Russian music. The roots of Russian folk music dates back to the middle of the first millennium AC. Russian music started with the Slavic tribes that settled in the European part of the current territory of Russia. Those...
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...History of Music Therapy The idea of utilizing music as a form of healing influence had been around since before the times of Aristotle and Plato, but the profession of music therapy formally began during the period of World War I and World War II when musicians of all kinds from amateurs who played in the local community as well as professionals who would travel all around the world came together to go to veteran hospitals, especially those in the United States, to play for the injured soldiers from the wars suffering from both physical and emotional trauma. With time, physicians began to take note of the positive effects the music had on the patients and soon, hospitals began to hire musicians full-time and the need for colleges to begin...
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...HISTORY OF MUSIC VIDEOS. PART 1: BRIEF HISTORY OF MUSIC VIDEOS. In 1894, sheet music publishers used a ‘magic lantern’ to project a series of still images on to screen simultaneously to live performance. This was later known as the ‘illustrated song’. This was the first step towards producing music videos. In 1926, many musical short films were produced with the use of ‘talkies’. They were usually six minutes long. Some short cartoons were also made by animation artist Max Fleischer. In 1930’s, popular artists songs were performed during cartoons. The early animated movies by Walt Disney like Silly Symphonies were built around music. Promotional clips were films popular in the 1940’s. They were usually short and normally accompanied by musical selections which were usually just a band on a movie set. Musical films were an important initial step to music videos. Many popular music videos have copied the style of Hollywood musicals from 1930’s to the 1950’s. In the late 1950's, the Scopitone, a visual jukebox was invented in France and was used by French artistes to produce films to accompany their songs. In 1964, The Beatles starred in their first feature film. They then went on to do another feature film filmed in color in London. The title track of this film was in black-and-white and is one of the prime models of the modern performance-style music video. In 1965, The Beatles started making promotional clips for distribution and broadcasts in other countries so they...
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...Shakespeare once wrote, “if music be the food of love, play on”. Hundreds of years later, music continues to be a influential part of society. Although music affects the lives of many, culture is the largest influencer of music itself. As wars are fought and history is made, music continues to allow the majority and minority voice to be heard. The progression of cultural viewpoints in America created many musical compositions expressing varying opinions of their respective era. During a time of impending war, patriotism was at an all time high, but an underlying tone of unrest among civilians became prominent as well. Much of the early 20th century was structured around the first World War. While they attempted to boost morale both on the frontlines and at home, songs like “You’re a Grand Old Flag” began to spread across the country (Cohan, “You’re a Grand Old Flag” 1906 http://www.loc.gov/teachers/lyrical/songs/old_flag.html ). With catchy lyrics claiming “every heart beats true for the red, white, and blue,” people began to feel pride and supported any endeavors to protect their flag’s reputation. And while many people fell into this norm of patriotism and hoo-rah mentality, many began to fear the havoc the war could bring. This was evident in songs like “I Didn’t Raise My Boy to be a Soldier,” a ballad where a mother expresses her concern and uneasiness at the thought of her son at war (Bryan, Piantadosi, “I Didn’t Raise My Boy to be a Soldier” 1915 https://www.archeophone...
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...Popular Music and History: John Lennon Everyone knows of The Beatles. You may not know a lot or any about them but everyone has heard a song or two at one time or another in their lives. This essay will discuss one of the members from the band, John Lennon and his fame with the band. In addition, this essay will also discuss the comment he made that almost cost the band their fame, as well as his murder. The Beatles were a band from Liverpool, England and became a band somewhere in the 1950’s, but did not become big until 1961. They released a total of 18 albums between the years of 1963 and 1970. The band included Ringo Starr, George Harrison, Paul McCartney, and John Lennon. The band became big in the United States when they released the song, “I want to hold your hand” that John Lennon and Paul McCartney wrote together. Another song you may know that The Beatles sang was, “I feel fine”. The song became the number one song at Christmas. When the band released this song, the song was a top hit for five weeks. The Beatles also had their own cartoon on television called,” yellow submarine” the band was becoming very popular. (APA(American Psychological Assoc.)References:Beatles, The. (2011). Columbia Electronic Encyclopedia, 6th Edition, 1. "Beatles, The." Columbia Electronic Encyclopedia, 6Th Edition (2011): 1. Academic Search Complete. Web. 11 Mar. 2012.) (APA(American Psychological Assoc.).References.(2009, September 27). TOP 10 BESTSELLING BEATLES SONGS. Mail on Sunday...
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...A term paper discussing Russian music Presented to: Michel El Zoghbi Prepared by: Maher Moubarak Mirna El Khoury Outline: 1. Abstract 2. Introduction 3. Literature Review 4. Centuries 5. Instruments 6. Effects on Russian Music: * Effects of War * Problems caused by Russian Climate 7. Conclusion 8. References Abstract: This term paper will be discussing the history of the Russian music and its evolvement. Moreover, it will include some native instruments and the effect of weather, war, and religion on the Russian music. Introduction: Beginning from the sacred music of the Russian Orthodox Church and passing through diverse centuries, the Russian music was and will always be legacy in the history of international music. Two major genres formed the early history of the Russian music. These genres are: the secular music used for entertainment and the sacred music of the Orthodox Church . The sacred music draws its tradition from the Byzantine Empire. Neumes were developed for musical notation, and as a result several examples of medieval sacred music have survived, among them two stichera composed by Tsar Ivan IV in the 16th century. Literature Review Folk music is certainly the oldest type of Russian music. The roots of Russian folk music dates back to the middle of the first millennium AC. Russian music started with the Slavic tribes that settled in the European part of the current territory of Russia. Those...
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...Questions to Consider: Europe 1. How is the history of European and Arabic cultural contact reveal through musical characteristics in places such as Spain and Bulgaria? In Spain, the authentic flamenco had just a singer. It had a strained type of timbre and melisma was used a lot. It shows that there was Arabic influence because they also had that type of style. And because they also used a guitar as accompaniment, it showed there was European influence because they liked harmony. Bulgarian music also had harmonies but with voices. This was a European characteristic. Their music is very colorful and lively and I think that was Arabic influence. 2. What defines a music as "classical" as opposed to "folk" in the European context? How has "classical" music influenced "folk" music style and performance and vice versa? In the European context, classical music is the highest class of music. Folk is a position relative to classical music. Folk music was meant for the common people. It was the opposite of classical music. Folk played classical music and folk music started to interest higher class people. They wanted to become part of a tradition. Classical music started using some folk themes. 3. Drone is especially prominent in many European music traditions. What are some specific manifestations and how does drone relate to the overall sound? Drone is used in many countries in Europe. For example: Scotland, Ireland, and Hungary. In Scotland and Ireland they use bagpipes...
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...Rap music is undoubtedly a standout amongst the most prevalent music genres to date however how well do you know the history of rap? Go along with me as I bring a walk down the memory lane and return to the origin of what we know today as Hip-Hop. Number of years back in Africa "griots", where town story tellers who played basic handmade instruments while they told stories of their family and local occasions. This style of talking while music is playing is rap music at ots root structure. The griot is still a noteworthy type of correspondence in Africa still right up 'til the present time. This griot tradition extended when Africans were caught without wanting to, transported to America and constrained into subjugation. One way they would...
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...Most modern musicians take sheet music for granted. Sheet music abounds in printed form and can even be downloaded from the Internet. It's a far cry from the days of oral tradition. Centuries ago, there were few ways to pass on music other than to "hum a few bars" until the listener caught on. The available manuscripts had to be painstakingly marked out by a transcriptionist and were limited in number. In fact, while many songs were known on a wide scale, they were likely spread about by travelling minstrels and troubadours. They were certainly not available in printed form at the local music shop. Prior to the invention of the printing press in the mid 15th century, very few private citizens owned or had access to sheet music. The ones in...
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...The fact that the music of films often has powerful effects on its audience is undisputed. Careful examination of the reasons behind these effects, however, has been largely ignored. We tend to compare previously unassociated dramatic pieces we hear to film music - but what piece cannot be compared to film music nowadays? Every pre-composed piece or spontaneous melodic fragment is potential fodder for a cinematic soundtrack. The real questions lie in how and why people have been compelled to combine drama with music throughout history. This essay attempts to clarify some of music's manifold roles in cinema and the reasons behind them by using as an example composer Bernard Herrmann's Citizen Kane soundtrack. In order to address these issues, a brief overview of the history of music in cinema is required. The root of music in film harks back to the Greek melodrams (the precursor in both literal language and event to the melodramas of today), a cross between a play and fledgling opera in which spoken word is accompanied by music.[1] As time passed, melodrams developed into opera, giving rise to types of performances known as number opera (those composed of a collection of closed pieces) and continuous opera (those including nonstop music), divisions that film soundtracks would later echo. Wagner's full-fledged support of program music at this time, as opposed to the absolute music that had previously reigned supreme, resulted in his novel invention of leitmotifs (first used...
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