...John Newton An additional key figure of the Great European and American Awakening was John Newton, who will forever be remembered for his memorable hymn “Amazing Grace.” “Amazing Grace” is beloved well into the 21st century by Christians and non-Christians alike, and could be considered to be one of the most widely-known and widely-sung hymns of all time. Newton was a slave-trader during this time more than one hundred years before the Civil War and the eventual emancipation of slaves in the United States. John Newton was heavily influence by evangelist Josiah Smith, who preached the Gospel in the southern United States of America. John Newton visited Charleston, South Carolina where he met Smith and described meeting “a dissenting minister,...
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...estions to Consider: Europe 1. How is the history of European and Arabic cultural contact reveal through musical characteristics in places such as Spain and Bulgaria? In Spain, the authentic flamenco had just a singer. It had a strained type of timbre and melisma was used a lot. It shows that there was Arabic influence because they also had that type of style. And because they also used a guitar as accompaniment, it showed there was European influence because they liked harmony. Bulgarian music also had harmonies but with voices. This was a European characteristic. Their music is very colorful and lively and I think that was Arabic influence. 2. What defines a music as "classical" as opposed to "folk" in the European context? How has "classical" music influenced "folk" music style and performance and vice versa? In the European context, classical music is the highest class of music. Folk is a position relative to classical music. Folk music was meant for the common people. It was the opposite of classical music. Folk played classical music and folk music started to interest higher class people. They wanted to become part of a tradition. Classical music started using some folk themes. 3. Drone is especially prominent in many European music traditions. What are some specific manifestations and how does drone relate to the overall sound? Drone is used in many countries in Europe. For example: Scotland, Ireland, and Hungary. In Scotland and Ireland they use bagpipes...
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...Did you know that Caribbean music has been an influence by African, European, Indian and Indigenous cultures? It also goes back and tie in with Central America and South America. Caribbean music goes back centuries, since Caribbean music is a mixture of different cultures, it goes all the way to the fifteenth century and so on. This type of music is here to bring happiness and most of the time tell what has happened in the past or what somebody has been through. Music is for the soul. The history of the Caribbean music goes back so far, it even goes back when the European settlers were importing slaves from west and central Africa. That was when the slaves used music to express themselves. Immigrants and human trafficking was very heavily...
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...such as New Orleans, Louisiana. How could a genre of music that bonds both African American and European history be considered a threat, or not needed? I believe that Jazz music should continue to flourish and continue to represent different cultures through sound. II Body d II Jazz is an expression of feelings, emotions, and a story of history. Although this is true, some would argue that it is purely an act of random, irritating chords and sounds. e Jazz has been a cure and an uplifting medicine for Americans during the Great Depression. It has so much meaning and combines cultures from all over the world. It is one of the only aspects in world culture that almost any country can connect and relate to. There is Jazz music relating to African Americans, Europeans, Latinos, and even Cubans! f People will argue that Jazz is just something to keep people busy, and that it is hyped up for what is really is. In reality, Jazz is not understood enough, and not fully understood for what it really is trying to represent. Not many people listen to Jazz and know that is a combination of different customs and traditions. Conclusion a While people find Jazz music to serve as a threat, and to be annoying, it is actually a fascinating genre of music that has tons of little aspects from all over the world. People will continue to critique this style of music but it will always represent a piece of history for everyone it all different parts of the world....
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...Scholars and educators were argued about the practicability and academic nature of the music for higher education. Until now, with the efforts of musical educators, three major components of the music study, including creating, presenting and listening, are formed in every music program in American Universities. () American Universities also created more opportunities for the public or students to embrace and appreciate the art of music. For example, the University of Texas at San Antonio has a very developed music department. The program is not only open to the students who want to major in a specific area of music, but also open to any music lovers even though they have a different major. Many experienced musicians are commitment to the music teaching, and various music-related courses are offered; from music history, music theory to the instrumental performance. Nowadays, the universities not only concentrated on educating students whose major is liberal and art to become moral excellence, but also focused on practicing the useful hands-on skills that will be helpful with their future...
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...Modern American music is one of the greatest contribution to the arts in the United States’ history, but it wasn’t developed overnight. The origin story of modern American music, and all of its genres, is a long one filled with tragedy, exploration, and a fusion of cultures. While many of people have a particular genre of music they like more than the others, it’s appalling that they don’t know how these pieces of art were constructed for their enjoyment. Before people can learn about the development of modern American music, they must first learn about the origin of music itself. It’s safe to assume that ever since human beings have been on this planet we’ve been humming a tune or tapping a beat. However, the first documented record of music came from ancient Mesopotamia in the form of religious chant. It is very...
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...A Definition of Anglo-American Folk Music: Past to Present It is well known that the colonization of the North American continent by europeans laid the ground work for the development of the modern United States. During this era, a new identity was formed as immigrants from the european nations began unifying. Out of this melting pot of cultures, new forms of music were born. Anglo-American folk music is a traditional form of music for the United States that developed from the immigration of English nationals. This form of music can be categorized into four main melodic behaviors: the Ionian (major scale), Mixolydian, Dorian, and Aeolian (natural minor scale) (“Anglo American Folk Music”). From the 20th century on, music became much more predominant to everyday life with the introduction of the radio in the 1930s. Folk music was mostly a treasure secluded to the country and mountains, but the radio allowed music to travel vast distances and have an enormous audience, which was never before possible. This allowed for single artists, like Jimmie Rogers and Bill Monroe, to become well known and produce iconic tracks that would be recorded as the traditional music of America. The lyrics that were used during this early America by these European migrating immigrants where about stories of freedom, life, and a search for identity. This became a significant part of the culture of the developing American people, who used this new form of media to identify themselves (historically...
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...rhythm has been the way of the drum. As African American we are lovers of the beat and though we only use the drum entertain we understand that it is something more. Though we as a people have went through many transformations the drum has remain practically the same. The most common a style of drum was called a membranophone (Dean, 2011). The Drum is a basic design being formed out of a hollowed cylinder body normally made out of wood, gourd, or metal. On the top of the cylinder typically a plastic or leather membrane is stretched over each end. As there are different styles of drums you have bongos, steel drums, snares, bass, tom, and so much more. We are not sure when the drum was originally invented but is first recorded in the history books around 6000 BC. Museums actually have drums excavated from Mesopotamia that have dated back as far as 3000 B.C. Even looking at the Aztec and Mynas we see that they recorded on several of their wall paintings showcasing the drum as a vital part of their lives. Looking at my culture and descendants we come to understand that the drum was used in every aspect of their lives. African used the drum as a first telephone communicating in beat several villages away the drum help settle disputes, signal the change is seasons, to declare wars and peace to distinguish who was friend or foe the drum was also used to signal danger. Drums all over the world had places in Civil issues, messaging, and religious uses, delegating wars and battles...
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...The Singapore History Gallery, presented by the National Museum of Singapore is a 2 800 square metre gallery which uses a story telling approach, to reveal different viewpoints through tales from the 14th century to the present. The Singapore History Gallery is divided into eight sections highlighting the changes from the past to the modern times while offering its visitors the chance to relieve in the times when the ancestors and elders residing in Singapore once lived in. Out of the many artefacts which I have seen in the gallery, the portrait of an Amah interested me the most. Amahs were indentured domestic female servants generally arriving from Pearl River Delta, China; These Amahs were highly sought after by affluent families, mainly the rich families and colonial expats settled in Singapore. While some of the Amahs came to Singapore to seek better job opportunities to avoid marrying which was seen as a loss of freedom back home, others left their families back in China when they lost their faith their husbands as they had dwindled away all their hard earned money by getting addicted to opium and even resorted to selling their own children. Thus, most Amahs took the oath of celibacy which led them to have pleated hair which was left uncut thereafter, becoming the “ma jies” in Singapore whom often acted as a surrogate parent to her employer’s children, staying and looking after the family for such a long time which was enough to see the kids grow up and form families on...
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...enemy. While we can say that the governments of the United States and Cuba don’t agree on much, the people of both nations have certain basic needs and desires that all human beings share. The love of music and the influence it can have on people is something that transcends national borders and ethnicities. After watching the video by Wim Wenders “Buena Vista Social Club” I was able to see how the music of Son influenced the people of Cuba and how that music was used to help establish a national identity for many Cubans. This film is a documentary about American Guitarist Ry Cooder assembling a group of famous Cuban musicians to reassemble and play again for a couple of shows. It showed many scenes of these famous musicians walking around the streets of Havana and going about their daily lives in their neighborhoods. They also expressed how the music influenced them during their younger days and many interesting stories about the evolution of this musical genre. However this documentary and the sound of Son as a whole represent something more important than just music. This also represented the people of Cuba and the definition of what it meant to be “Cuban” and how white people and black people of Cuba had different points of views about this. The privileged white Europeans of...
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...on the Philosophy of History, pronounced that Africa is no verifiable part of the world; it has no development or improvement to show. Over 100 years after the fact, in 1965, then the Oxford University educator Hugh Trevor-Roper reverberated Hegel's notion. He pronounced that maybe, later on, there will be some African history to instruct. However, at present there is none, or next to know: there is just the historical backdrop of the Europeans in Africa. The rest is to a great extent murkiness, and obscurity is not a subject of history. Such assumptions are demonstrative of a bigot perspective and a general doubt of African accomplishments. Other than prejudice, in any case, explanations denying that Africa has a history are established in an essential origination of legitimate verifiable sources. It was trusted that social orders' advancements towards change and advance should have been recorded in composing structure at the general time that they happened. It was this emphasis on composing archives that rendered Africa's past imperceptible to the history specialist specifically and the more extensive open when all is said in done. Most African people groups did not create composing frameworks until the nineteenth and twentieth hundreds of years. Subsequently, there was a scarcity of composing records that students of history could attract on to study Africa's past. The few composed records originated from outside spectators, for example, early European shippers and voyagers...
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...dance performed on shows like Dancing With The Stars or So You Think You Can Dance. However, there is a vast history behind the Tango and what we take pleasure in watching today. In fact, the establishment of the Tango is deeply rooted in the economic and migrant history of Argentina, more specifically Buenos Aires. In the late 1800’s, the impoverished state of Europe encouraged many people to migrate to the New World. Migrants from Spain, Ireland, Italy, Germany, and Turkey fled Europe with the common goal of a better life. Most migrants dreamed of settling in New York but instead many landed in Buenos Aires, Argentina. To their displeasure, Buenos Aires wasn’t the escape from poverty that they fantasized about....
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...The largest member of the genus Mustela in Britain, the European Polecats has a weasel like body, short legs and a broad head. During the winter it’s coat is thick, lustrous and glossy, but in the summer is thinner and appears somewhat faded. During the winter they become less active and emerge during the day more than they would in the summer. They currently occur in England as far north as Cheshire, south to Avon and reaching east to Leicester as well as in most of rural wales. They inhabits lowland areas usually below 500m and found in marshes, forest plantations, wooded areas, riverbanks, sea cliffs, and sand dunes. Roe Deer The small elegant Roe Deer is reddish brown in color during summer but becomes grey, pale brown or even black during the summer. The tail is very small and there is a large white rump patch, which becomes less obvious or even absent during winter. Young Roe Deer have spotted coats for the first 6 weeks of life. They can be active throughout the 24-hour period, but the main peaks of activity occur at dawn and dusk. Typically occur in open, deciduous, mixed or coniferous woodlands....
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...Journal of American Studies, 45 (2011), 1, 113–129 f Cambridge University Press 2010 doi:10.1017/S0021875810001271 First published online 19 July 2010 Jazz as a Black American Art Form : Definitions of the Jazz Preservation Act JEFF FARLEY Jazz music and culture have experienced a surge in popularity after the passage of the Jazz Preservation Act (JPA) in 1987. This resolution defined jazz as a black American art form, thus using race, national identity, and cultural value as key aspects in making jazz one of the nation’s most subsidized arts. Led by new cultural institutions and educational programs, millions of Americans have engaged with the history and canon of jazz that represent the values endorsed by the JPA. Record companies, book publishers, archivists, academia, and private foundations have also contributed to the effort to preserve jazz music and history. Such preservation has not always been a simple process, especially in identifying jazz with black culture and with America as a whole. This has required a careful balancing of social and musical aspects of jazz. For instance, many consider two of the most important aspects of jazz to be the blues aesthetic, which inevitably expresses racist oppression in America, and the democratic ethic, wherein each musician’s individual expression equally contributes to the whole. Balanced explanations of race and nationality are useful not only for musicologists, but also for musicians and teachers wishing to use jazz as an example...
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...The Origin of Blues Blues played an important role in the history of music as it heavily influenced many types of music, particularly jazz and rock. It originated around the 1890’s from the Afro-American slaves’ folk music, work songs and spirituals and was typically performed with one person both playing the guitar and singing. The music consisted of stories of family, struggle, sexuality and rural life. The beginning of the blues-singing period was during the Civil War in America. In 1863, President Lincoln adopted the Emancipation Proclamation into Law, which gave the slaves the freedom not to be bought and sold as slaves, to send their children to school, to be able to live with their families in a house rather than a slave cabin, to attend church and the opportunity to become teachers, preachers, politicians and landowners. This gave them a new attitude towards life. They began to sing openly without concern of white mans punishment, which also allowed them to explore and experiment with white 8 and 16 bar songs. Blues in its early days was a direct decent of African question and answer phrases but now it started to develop when it adopted the 3 line stanza (AAB) then furthermore into 12 bars. Although the blues music was influenced by European music the essential blue chords (I, IV, V) were from American music culture, which was most likely originated from their religious music. In between 1911 – 1914 W.C. Handy made blues popular. He released “Memphis Blues”(1912)...
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