...hearing semantically neutral utterances spoken with emotional (i.e., happy, sad, fearful, or angry) prosody, or tone sequences that mimicked the utterances’ prosody, participants identified the emotion conveyed. In Experiment 1 (n 20), musically trained adults performed better than untrained 56), musically trained adults outperformed untrained adults. In Experiment 2 (n adults at identifying sadness, fear, or neutral emotion. In Experiment 3 (n 43), 6-year-olds were tested after being randomly assigned to 1 year of keyboard, vocal, drama, or no lessons. The keyboard group performed equivalently to the drama group and better than the no-lessons group at identifying anger or fear. In the past 10 years, the possibility of links between musical and nonmusical domains has generated excitement among researchers and the popular press. One line of research concerns short-term benefits in nonmusical domains that occur as a consequence of passive listening to music. In two widely cited studies (Rauscher, Shaw, & Ky, 1993, 1995), listening to music composed by Mozart led to temporary improvements in spatial abilities. As an instance of crossmodal priming, this result is remarkable because the priming stimulus (music) is seemingly unrelated to the task being primed (a spatial task). Subsequent research indicates, however, that the so-called Mozart effect has nothing to do with Mozart in particular or with music in general (Nantais & Schellenberg, 1999). Rather,...
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...Musical Theater in Humanity There are many ways to study in human in order to appreciate and honor in life, in our presenting, such as Literature, History, Languages, Religion, Arts and Performing Arts. Also, musical theater, which particularly is one of this aesthetic art form as well. Musical theater was created since an ancient Greece as a worship to Dionysus, the god of wine and fertility. Essentially, its style consisted as a Tragedy, which is the portmanteau word, tragos = goat, aeidein = to sing. Tragedy does mean “the goat’s song”. Beheld in the festival once a year. The form of performance was not vastly different from the musical nowadays. Settings and properties also used to collaborate the show as male narrators sing and dance to narrate the story and ask the morality questions to the audience which lead and relate to the decision of the protagonist or the main character at the end of story. Urging the spectator’s catharsis, and enlighten their heart and mind at the end to realized there is nobody better than god, also our destiny is determined. All of the performer are male, and only seven main actor wear the masks in order to be and rotate the characters exclude the narrator. Aeschylus, Sophocles, And Aristophanes were not only playwrights; they were also composers and luricists. Dance, poem, and acrobatic used to archive the audience as spectacular. Also, to cross the bridge to reflect their life significantly as the foundation of Greece model citizen...
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...Questions to Consider: Europe 1. How is the history of European and Arabic cultural contact reveal through musical characteristics in places such as Spain and Bulgaria? In Spain, the authentic flamenco had just a singer. It had a strained type of timbre and melisma was used a lot. It shows that there was Arabic influence because they also had that type of style. And because they also used a guitar as accompaniment, it showed there was European influence because they liked harmony. Bulgarian music also had harmonies but with voices. This was a European characteristic. Their music is very colorful and lively and I think that was Arabic influence. 2. What defines a music as "classical" as opposed to "folk" in the European context? How has "classical" music influenced "folk" music style and performance and vice versa? In the European context, classical music is the highest class of music. Folk is a position relative to classical music. Folk music was meant for the common people. It was the opposite of classical music. Folk played classical music and folk music started to interest higher class people. They wanted to become part of a tradition. Classical music started using some folk themes. 3. Drone is especially prominent in many European music traditions. What are some specific manifestations and how does drone relate to the overall sound? Drone is used in many countries in Europe. For example: Scotland, Ireland, and Hungary. In Scotland and Ireland they use bagpipes...
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...Beatles established themselves in the music industry because they created a norm that every new artiste followed. Composers that followed them always tried to be like them. On the other hand, there is a cost in breaking the existing musical rules. People always want to hear what they love from their past musical experiences. Introducing a new genre may not auger well with the popular style. Despite being radical composer, Beethoven actually composed what people liked. R. Murray Schafer has been successful in breaking the musical composition rules. One of his radical music was East, composed in the year 1972. It was totally different from the traditional techniques at that time. It had slow glissandos and the performers sung and hummed on top of playing the instruments. Generally, Murray employed his compositional creativity to challenge his listeners as well as the performers of his music. The spice girls joined the Pop music in the 90s and became successful. Their strength was largely due to the perfect combination of each individual talent and voice in addition to their youthful vigor. Michael Jackson broke the rules of the existing Pop music and introduced a style that was outstanding for four decades. Michael introduced sophisticated musical dance styles such as the moonwalk and robot largely evident in his 1982 album named The Thriller. Question Two Franz Schubet’s The Weathervane and Celine Dion’s The Power of Love In his song, Die Wetterfahne (The Weathervane)...
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...have a genealogy of a common ancestor Professional caste of musicians memorize these genealogies and recite them in song Each musical instrument has a spirit of it own. Introduction to the Region: Polyrhythm • • The most distinctive of traditional African musical characteristics Different meters or metrical starting points going on at once Characteristics of Traditional African Music • Ostinato 1. A short pattern that repeats over and over 2. ostinato most often refers to a repeating melody, but can also refer to a repeating rhythm. • 3. In Africa, ostinatos often form foundations for improvisation, variation, or the addition of other patterns Use of percussion 1. This characteristic reflects the Sub-Saharan emphasis on making music with drums, rattles, bells, xylophones, and mbiras. 2. Some orchestras include only percussion instruments, and nonpercussion instruments are sometimes played in a percussive manner 3. such instruments as harps, lyres, horns, and flutes are equally important in many areas. 3.1.harps, lyres, horns, and flutes are equally important in many areas Characteristics • Background Shimmer 1. African musicians often attach beads, coins, or other small objects to their instruments to create a constant buzzing or rattling sound in the background of a performance. • Close Connection between Music and Language 1. Drums executing a combination of rhythm and pitch that represent spoken syllables and form a kind of speech illustrate the...
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...stated in paragraph 3 music can be calming, relaxing, and intellectually stimulating. It can also effect emotions and patterns of thinking, it can impart ideas and ideologies, powerfully and emotionally conveying a certain way of life. Paragraph 7 states something similar, “Music can be used in a positive way to bridge gaps, to create a bond between people who might otherwise have little in common. It can convey a message of peace and brotherhood, relax, soothe. But for teens music doesn’t act as just a way to relax or make new friends. Music has been connected to youth developing greater language capacity as well as a greater adeptness in the ability to learn a new language when they play an instrument, as said in paragraph 13. The extent of positives ranges when you’re involved in musical classes, playing a musical instrument is also beneficial school wise. As states in source b playing a musical instrument and or having music related classes can lead to significantly higher levels of mathematic proficiency and much higher test scores on the verbal and mathematic...
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...influenced one another over many years and continues as we speak. One of the most influential cultures of art stems from Africa. Africa is rich with culture especially in their dances, clothing styles, and musical instruments. Africa has influenced many other countries also and has made a huge presence in the...
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...Will Earhart, the president of the Music Educators National Conference, indicated, that Music improves understanding and knowledge in the areas of calculation, science based subjects, geography, antiquity or history, foreign language, physical education and vocational training (Morrison, 1994). “The implementation of the arts, specifically music, would help students raise mathematical achievement scores as well as enhance overall intelligence” (Bryant-Jones, Shimmins, & Vega, 2003). In addition, “Many ancient cultures believed that music was an earthly manifestation of spiritual or Primal Vibration, also known as Cosmic Vibration, music of the spheres, universal mind”. However, music classes are not viewed as core subjects, however the inclusion of music in all classroom settings are slowly becoming more widespread in countries such as the United State of America (USA) and United Kingdom (UK). “Music is also universal and can open wonderful doors to the education of...
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...“Program music is instrumental music that describes some extra musical content be it a picture, a story, or a poem” (L41, 00:50). Program music can invoke an experience beyond listening to musicians play, it relates to Wagner’s idea of Gesamtkunstwerk, a performance synthesizing all forms of art with sound focusing on life’s thoughts and emotions. Beethoven’s Symphony No. 6, Sturm ( ) is a prime example of how expressive content determines the musical composition. Beethoven decided to compose a movement that would musically describe a thunderstorm and “then he came up with the musical materials to fit that expressive and programmatic bill”. It constitutes the broadest difference between Classicism and cutting edge Romanticism. In Classicism,...
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...Qianqian Wang Professor Shiflet MUFHL 330 January 22 2015 Homework 1 Chapter 1 1. What do ethnomusicologists mean when they say, “Music is universal, but it is not a universal language”? No matter what country we come from, no matter what culture we represent, music exists in everyone’s life. Music can express emotions among different cultures. Therefore, music is universal. However, music needs people to perform and is affected by cultures. Facing with the same music, different people may have different understanding. Also, different cultures may have various interpretations. Therefore, music is not s universal language. 2. What are the potential problems in classifying music as “classical,” “folk,” or “popular”? Usually when people define folk, classical and popular music, they have to consider the background and history information. However, not everyone understands its background information. When people want to classify some new kinds of music, without background information, it may create some problems. For example, the definition of folk music relates to 19th century European culture. If people don’t realize its meaning, the definition may interfere their thinking. 3. How might an ethnomusicologist approach the study of Western classical music differently from a musicologist? Ethnomusicologists focus on the relationship between music and culture. When ethnomusicologists approach the study of Western classical music, they will analyze Western classical...
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...Johnson Chapter 10: Questions to Consider SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA: 1. How do the principal musical manifestations found in sub-Saharan Africa reflect the collective community and encourage group participation? There are three musical manifestations of a collective community in the Sub-Saharan African. They are dance, call and response and polyrhythm. The Call and response is very popular. The chorus repeats a fixed refrain in alternation with a lead singer, who then has more freedom to improvise. This makes the music conversational and encouraged group participation. 2. How are polyrhythmic music created in Sub-Saharan African? Polyrhythmic music is created when two or more locally independent attack patterns are superimposed, is realized by handclaps, xylophones, rattles, and a variety of tuned and non tuned drum, by handclaps, xylophones, rattles, and a variety of tuned and non tuned drums. The African polyrhythm is the noticeable steadiness of the resultant rhythmic pattern. Pitch polyphony exists in the form of parallel intervals overlapping solo-choral response, and occasional simultaneous independent melodies. In addition to voice, many wind and string instruments perform melodic functions. 3. What linguistic elements are required to make a drum "talk"? "Talking drum" is able to communicate by mimicking the tonal contour and speech rhythm of a language. African languages are tonal. Drums don't only play the rhythm some have strings attached to the skins or the...
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...Chapter 1 questions 1. What do ethnomusicologists mean when they say, “Music is universal, but it is not a universal language”? Music cannot convey specific meanings though specific symbols and it is questionable whether music can really can transcend linguistic barriers. 2. What are the potential problems in classifying music as “classical,” “folk,” or “popular”? They assert a hierarchal value system in which classical is typically considered highest, folk of a much lower value, and popular at the lowest level. 3. How might an ethnomusicologist approach the study of Western classical music differently from a musicologist? They would take into consideration their cultural context. 4. What is “fieldwork”? What is its importance to the study of world music? Fieldwork is a first hand study of music in its original context, it allows us to travel to a specific area where there is musical curiosity. 5. In what ways does world music study require an interdisciplinary approach? You have to look at it through all the different aspects. 6. What is ethnocentrism? Have you ever experienced it? The unconscious assumption that ones own cultural background is “normal,” while that of others is “strange” or “exotic.” Chapter 2 questions 1. Which of the four basic components of music is most helpful in identifying a world music tradition? why? The most helpful way to learn to recognize a world music tradition is to become familiar with its media. In order to identify a specific...
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...revenue with other companies. Someone may say, like the author said, CJ owns PSY, who is the most popular Korean artist to make a splash in the U.S. However, I don’t think PSY is a music content creator, and after “Gangnam Style”, he gets lesser attention due to his cliché musical works. When People watched the “Gangnam Style”, they seen it as a phenomenon, a funny video clip, but not a musical work. And as far as I know, most audiences know and watch his video only on YouTube or other video platforms. “Most K-pop consumption in the U.S. was on YouTube”. And the main audience group is teenagers, like the fans of other K-Pop groups. However, the “Gangnam Style” gives us a hint, for the US consumers, they need some “culture phenomenon”. Because the US consumers hold a different personal identity, culture background and aesthetic standard with the Asian consumers. I discussed some K-Pop groups with my US domestic friends, they thought those girls (like Girls’ Generation) and boys are lacking self identity, and their exteriors are not attractive. After I read some data about CJ’s audiences, I think my hypothesis is right—most of their audiences are Asian, even they start their business in the US. The language barrier and culture differences are main reasons to fail their business. K-Pop is not...
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...Evolution of Musical Instruments Music, the concept is something almost instinctually recognized. Rhythm, is it appropriated from our culture, or is it something innately recognized between living beings? From beating on walls to humming tunes, making music is something we are almost all capable of doing. But over time we have evolved our way of procuring these sounds, these vibrational patterns, and it has helped us evolve the actual concept of music to newer and grander concepts. To better understand this, I have drawn up the following timeline, demonstrating the evolution of musical instruments. • ??? Our first musical instruments were natural our lungs. Dating back to the beginning of human history • 45,000 years ago Neanderthals carve a flute from the leg bone of a young bear, in the region that is now Slovenia • 8000 BC Aborigines develop first Didgeridoo • 4000 BC Harps and flutes played in Egypt • 3500 BC Lyres and Double Clarinets played in Egypt • 3000 BC Chinese court musician cut first bamboo pipes • 2800 BC The harp and the lyre are in use as musical instruments in Mesopotamia • 2000 BC Percussion instruments added to Egyptian orchestral music including Bells • 1500 BC A copper trumpet is in use in Egypt, forerunner of the brass instruments of the orchestra • 1500 BC Hittites use guitars, lyres, trumpets, and tambourines in music • 1000 BC Bagpipes first used • 800 BC Five tone and Seven tone scales appear in Babylon • 800 BC Earliest...
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...THE TRADITIONAL VIETNAMESE MUSIC: PRESERVING AND DEVELOPING ((( Student Name: Phan Hong Dang ID number: K1440540 Kingston University. Plan THE TRADITIONAL VIETNAMESE MUSIC: PRESERVING AND DEVELOPING I/ Introduction - Music definition: + John Cage: “There is no noise, only sound” + Another musician: arts from using sound - Introduce this topic: Vietnamese traditional music: + Definition traditional music + The importance of traditional music II/ Main body - Define and explant traditional music - Explant the traditional instrument - Argument about traditional music is very important - Preserving and developing traditional music III/ Conclusion - Music advantages and explain - Traditional music is very important and all people should preserve and develop. THE TRADITIONAL VIETNAMESE MUSIC: PRESERVING AND DEVELOPING. Nowadays music is very popular and important in the world. However, there are some people who know the origin of music. A little people think music created by African in 50.000 years ago. In different way, some people think music came from the Greek (Wikimedia). What is the music, which can make people to think and develop in each period? John Cage (1937), who is the 20th century composer, reveals that music is the sound. He believes that any sound can be music such as voice, sound of life and he says “There is no noise, only sound...
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