...interested in determining whether extending the regular season of the National Football League (NFL) would be agreeable to NFL players and fans. The problem exists because the NFL owners are pushing for a season extension, but also want to consider how this will impact the players. Surveys were distributed to collect data for this important topic. It was concluded that neither fans nor players want to extend the season, and it is hopeful that these results will be provided and taken into consideration before the owners make a final decision. More of the Same Game Every year professional football keeps lovers of the game on edge, as fans watch a 16-game regular-season in anticipation of the big finale, the Super Bowl Championship. The football schedule consists of four pre-season games and 16 regular-season games. Roger S. Goodell, Commissioner of the NFL, has proposed shortening the pre-season by two games, thereby extending the regular season from 16 games to 18. The proposal by the commissioner has caused controversy between the NFL and the National Football League Players Association (NFLPA). With an extended season, probabilities exist that players will sustain more injuries and share less of the revenues from the games. Regardless of the threat of a strike by the players, Goodell and the NFL plan to extend the regular season schedule beginning with the 2012 season. Will the NFL approve shortening pre-season by two games and extending the regular season by two games...
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...| LABOR RELATIONSBYGERALD HODGESLABOR RELATIONS FALB10 Sec ADEVRY UNIVERSITY14 JAN 20111. From the beginning labor relations has an issue for the United States. Labor Relations is the area that organizations have to deal with between employees and management. Union leaders can use to minimize conflicts between employers and employees (such as strikes) and seek agreements. Unions are organizations formed for the purpose of representing their members' such as employees to deal with their issues. In this paper, I will identify how unions and labor relations impact organizations. I have interview Clinton Harris a labor officer for his organization from Computer company in Virginia. He is in the Nation guard and is currently deployed here with me in Afghanistan. The typical functions of Clinton Harris the labor officer are to manage labor relations program of organization. He analyzes collective bargaining agreement to make sure both sides are fair in terms wages, hours of work, work environment, and health care by contracts. | Clinton Harris advice management about labor relation laws and also interpretation of labor relations policies and practices within the organization. He prepares reports, using records of actions taken concerning grievances, and identifies problem areas. He also monitors implementation of policies concerning wages, hours, and working conditions, to ensure compliance with terms of labor contract. Clint has to research information about additional...
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...competitive balance. Theoretically, revenue sharing is supposed to encourage equal distribution of wealth so as to not concentrate top-talent players to the teams with the most resources. In so doing, its practice should work to ensure that there is equal competition among small and large market teams. Also, by enacting a salary cap, larger market teams are prevented from monopolizing talent. Through a series of collective bargaining agreements and lawsuits, there has been a movement in the NFL toward benefiting both the players and owners. The NFL is the most successful professional sports league in the country. This is in large part due to its ability to run efficiently as a business and promote competition as a sport. In this paper, we examine the historical significance of the progressive collective bargaining agreements and how its changes have effected players and owners of teams in the league. We also examine the components of revenue-sharing and the salary cap implemented through the NFL’s CBA and their significance in promoting competitive balance. Historical Analysis of the Salary Cap and CBA The National Football League has undergone many changes since its inception in the 1920s. Early in the development of the National Football League, there was competition among teams in choosing players for their roster. As a result, teams agreed to an option clause which allowed them to continually renew player contracts, thus restricting trade. After one of the players from the Detroit...
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...Amani Wynne Dr. Earley Image Analysis: NFL logo “Poisoned by Greed” The National Football League was founded in Canton, Ohio, by a group of seven individuals representing four clubs in 1920. The league began with 14 teams and after eight decades since its inaugural season, the NFL has grown to 32 clubs and has become America’s biggest and most popular sports league. According to a recent Harris poll, 30% of those surveyed selected the NFL as their favorite sport, equal to the popularity of professional baseball (15%), professional basketball (7%) and auto racing (7%) combined (Harris Poll). Roughly 120 million fans watch NFL football on television or in stadiums every weekend during the season. The top 10 most-watched television shows in history are all Super Bowls. Telling people one thing when one looks at the NFL logo: it epitomizes sports in America. That is one thought that can come to mind when one views the NFL logo. Many believe the NFL is a prosperous business full of wealthy, honest and hardworking individuals. However, if one were to dig a little deeper into the NFL organization, one would find that the NFL is far from hardworking and honest. To be honest, the NFL works pretty hard to screw everybody over, and take their money in the process. A deeper look into mind of an NFL exec, one would find that the NFL is nothing but a group of frugal, deceptive, egotistical, billionaire snobs...
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...Give Up Money to Make the NBA Better? Exploring the 2011 Collective Bargaining Agreement in the National Basketball Association" Xiao Chen Johnson & Wales University A Review of " Did the Players Give Up Money to Make the NBA Better? Exploring the 2011 Collective Bargaining Agreement in the National Basketball Association" It's a long but clear title; and I use two whole lines to write it. I'm a basketball fan. When I planned to find a prime resource to read and write about it, I'm aware of some researches or business events involving my interest and business, so I chose this article. After reading the whole essay, I felt perplexed because it wasn't a general primary research that I could recognize at once and the author used some data from sports association. Finally, I thought it's available deliberately. I have two sample reasons: one is that the author collects the valuable data; the other is that the author analyze and flow the idea to the conclusion. Statement of the Problem What is the implied research question in this study? The answer is obvious. Just like the title, this research is to talk about effects of the 2011 Collective Bargaining Agreement in the National Basketball Association. As we knows, because of the new bargaining agreement, players will earn less money that before, and make contribution to the league, but people doesn't it affect or not. This research gives the author's analysis. Review of Related Literature The author, David J...
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...idea since this course includes lots of material—both in the textbooks and through assignments.) Finally, if you haven’t already, please be sure to read the Research Paper Instructions in the Course Content area. You will need to do that in order to complete the Week 1 assignment. Today, we need to orient ourselves by looking at several basic questions: · What is labor relations and what does it strive to accomplish? · Why do we care? · How did labor unions come into being? · Are labor unions effective? What is the first thing you think of when you hear the term “labor relations?” I would venture to bet that some of the plausible responses would be: * labor unions * strikes * collective bargaining * protesters * conflict The aforementioned all seems to conjure up images of labor unions. It is important to stress here that labor relations is not merely labor unions. Rather, labor relations should be viewed more broadly. Labor unions arose as a mechanism to address efficiency, equity, and voice. (Budd, 2010, p. 12) U.S. labor law protects union activity in order to promote: * Efficiency: increasing the purchasing...
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...into one large case of Multidistrict Litigation. All of the lawsuits that have been filed claim “tortious conduct” on the part of the NFL, resulting in neuro-degenerative disease and injury to professional football players. As of January 24, 2013, over 4,500 retired NFL players, more than one-third of players to ever sign an NFL contract, had brought a suit against the NFL concerning the head injuries that they sustained on the field during their playing careers. (Anderson, 1). Given the outstanding popularity of football in the United States, these lawsuits have garnered the attention of national media, prompting debate, discussion, and research about the dangers of football-related head injuries and the future of the NFL. (Fenno, 1). The litigation has the potential to reach the scale of the Big Tobacco litigation of the 1990’s, but the NFL has thrown a substantial roadblock in the players’ suit with a federal employment law preemption defense. (Fisher, 1). The consolidation of all the lawsuits into the Multidistrict Litigation has created the ability for both parties to decide the legal issues presented by the players’ claims and the NFL’s defenses. This paper will examine the merits of those claims and defenses, offer insight into how the players applied rhetorical devices to further their case, address the link established between the NFL and Big Tobacco, and how the court could likely rule regarding the concussion litigation, if it makes it to court. To begin, the history...
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...The Source of the NFL LOCKOUT Colin Quinn NCM 501 SLP 2 Trident University BACKGROUND AND SETTINGS The National Football League (NFL) experienced its first work stoppage since 1987 when the owners locked out the players that make up the National Football League Players Association (NFLPA) on March 12, 2011 (Judge, 2011.) The lockout was set in motion when the owners exercised there option to opt out of the collective bargaining agreement (CBA) on May 20, 2008 causing the CBA to expire on March 3, 2011 (NFL, 2008.) The Intra-organizational conflict the owners had was the revenue sharing of $9.3 billion the league generated annually. The owners claimed that because of inflation and the increased costs of utilities that the $1 billion credit off the top of the revenue was just not enough to sustain revenue growth and wanted the credit to be increased to $2.4 billion. This meant that the players needed to take an 18% cut of the revenue share to give the owners what they want. In addition the owners wanted to increase the regular season by two games by decreasing the preseason from four games to two games, which the players clearly did not want. Finally, both sides wanted to implement a rookie wage scale but disagreed on how to redistribute the money saved on rookie wages (Oestmann, 2011.) These conflicts in negotiations, along with the owners and NFLPA’s inability to come to a new agreement before the expiration of the CBA forced the owners to lockout their players from the...
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...monopoly. Professional sports teams operate in an environment that is different than the typical business structure. The goal of this paper is to look at this industry, in particular the NFL, in an economics context and gain an understanding of the market structure of this unique industry. To do this I will discuss a brief history of the National Football League in the U.S. and how this organization is structured. I will also discuss typical market structures and type of market structure that professional sports may fit into. Further I will briefly discuss the economic concept of a monopsony and how sports leagues such as the NFL exhibit those characteristics. Market Structure and Professional Sports Teams Introduction Teams like the Carolina Panthers, New York Yankees or the L.A. Lakers are part of national leagues of professional team sports such as the NFL, MLB, and NBA. These professional sports teams operate in an environment that is different than the typical business structure. The National Football League is an economic juggernaut. As of 2011, it reportedly makes an estimated $6 billion per year in ticket sales, merchandising and contracts with television networks.[1] This paper will discuss the unique market structure of the National Football League (NFL). Brief History of National Football League Professional football dates back to at least 1892, when an athletic club in Pittsburgh paid William "Pudge" Heffelfinger $500...
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...Major Leagues The 1990s and early 2000s was a period of substantial growth for professional sports at all levels. The number of teams in the Big 4 major leagues grew from 103 franchises in 1989 to 122 franchises by 2001. During that time, the National Hockey League (NHL) added eight expansion teams, Major League Baseball (MLB) added four, the National Football League (NFL) added three, and the National Basketball Association (NBA) added five teams. In addition, several new leagues were launched in the 1990s with aspirations of becoming prominent national properties, most notably Major League Soccer (MLS) and the Women's National Basketball Association (WNBA). By 2001, each of the Big 4 leagues had reached a saturation point, having established franchises in nearly every market capable of sustaining a major sports property. A few markets remain available for certain leagues. For example, Los Angeles has not had an NFL team since the Rams abandoned LA for a new stadium in St. Louis in 1995. While the NFL would love to have a franchise in the country’s 3rd largest television market, the lack of a modern, “NFL-ready” stadium has prevented a team from filling this attractive...
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...| College Football and Pay for Play | | | | | | Introduction “The rising dollar value of the exploitation of athletes is obscene, is out of control.” -Roger Noll, Economics Professor Emeritus, Stanford The whole purpose in researching this topic was based on the fact that the researcher is a fan of college sports, football and basketball especially. As the researcher has grown into adulthood and come to understand that with most things in life, it’s all about business in some form or fashion. So with that being said, as in any business situation, laborers get paid for revenue they work to produce. “The NCAA's current men's basketball tournament agreement with CBS and Turner is worth an average of more than $770 million per year, and the current Bowl Championship Series television deal – money that goes to conferences and then is distributed to schools, with no NCAA involvement – is worth $180 million per year. The new college football playoff, which starts in the 2014 season, will be worth about $470 million annually to the conferences.” (Cohen & Russo, 2013) This is money that is created through the blood, sweat, and tears of the athletes. On multiple occasions, the researcher has participated in and listened to many arguments on how a scholarship is equal enough payment for student-athletes. The researcher has always found that theory to have a multitude of flaws though, and that’s mainly because common knowledge tends to show that things...
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...Mariela Torresmutt 6/20/2012 Under Armour: Case 1 The following is an environmental analysis of the “performance apparel” business sector of the athletic apparel industry, with an analysis on Under Armour, the 3rd largest athletic apparel company. The company is clearly rapidly growing, touching markets that have been dominated before, but continues to pride themselves on the performance of their products. The first section of this analysis will cover the trends in technology, economics, demographics, socialites and culture, as well as politics and legalities. It also includes coverage over Porter’s 5 forces and analysis’ of the industry and competitors. It will be concluded with strategies of success of the company as well as alternative strategies. Demographics In the terms of the overall athletic market, Under Armour claims 31% of the market share, Nike 36%, and Adidas and other athletic companies claiming the remainder. In their specific products, Under Armour claims 75% of performance apparel market share, with Nike and Adidas struggling to catch up. The company targets consumers of all ages and all demographics. Their consumers include men, women, and children; athletes, coaches, fans, active people, athletic staff, and anyone who lives an active life style. Their consumers can attain their products through their website, 15,000 retail stores across the country, regional retail chains like Academy and Dick’s sporting goods, and as of 2007, 17 retail outlet stores. Approximately...
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...INTRODUCTION You’re at home, watching your favourite sports team, when you begin to notice something: Every time the camera zooms in on the coach for his reaction to a play, there’s always the same group of people wearing the same t-shirts sitting directly behind the bench. Then it hits you—they’re promoting a brand -- one that hasn't officially sponsored the game. It refers to a situation in which a company or product seeks to ride on the publicity value of a major event without having contributed to the financing of the event through sponsorship. What Is Ambush Marketing? Ambush marketing is when a company that hasn’t paid to be a sponsor of an event, gets free publicity by unofficially communicating their brand in places where spectators, cameras or reporters will see them. By purchasing sponsorship, a sponsor seeks to attract the attention that an event generates to its own product. In a typical sponsorship arrangement, a sponsor purchases the sponsorship property rights and does further promotion to draw attention to itself. In “ambush marketing,” another company, often a competitor, intrudes, thereby deflecting attention to itself and away from the sponsor. The term was initially coined to describe the activities of a company that associated itself with an event without paying the requisite fee to the event owner. McKelvey describes it as “a company’s intentional effort to weaken or ambush its competitor’s official sponsorship. It does this by engaging in promotions...
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...Pay for Play: An Ethical Analysis of the Student-Athlete Compensation Dilemma Group 2: Julie Burnett Christopher Fincham Revati Kailasam Catherine Kondo Teresa Seim Ethics and Professionalism in Accounting Andrew Dill ACG 6835 Fall 2013 Introduction The college sports industry is a large industry in America which is estimated to produce $797 million dollars for the 2012-13 season (NCAA). Of these millions, not one penny will go to any of the 400,000 plus college athletes under NCAA rules (NCAA). This however, was not always the case. Prior to the formation of the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) in 1906, student groups frequently hired players without the stipulation that they must also be students at the university (NCAA). Due to these circumstances and poorly regulated play that often led to injuries, the NCAA was established to provide a safe and fair ‘playing field’ for student-athletes. However, today this regulatory board is not seen as beneficial by all members of society, and is especially negatively scrutinized by top performing student-athletes. In 2005, NCAA Football had an estimated total attendance of over 43 million compared to the NFL of over 17 million, while NCAA Basketball had estimated total attendance of over 30 million compared to the NBA of over 21 million (Humphys, 2008). Despite having more viewers, college athletes received no pay while professional players earned millions. This has prompted college athletes to argue...
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...This text was adapted by The Saylor Foundation under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 3.0 License without attribution as requested by the work’s original creator or licensee. Saylor URL: http://www.saylor.org/books Saylor.org 1 Preface Competing books are focused on the academic part of HRM, which is necessary in a university or college setting. However, the goal with this book is not only to provide the necessary academic background information but also to present the material with a practitioner’s focus on both large and small businesses. While the writing style is clear and focused, we don’t feel jargon and ten-dollar words are necessary to making a good textbook. Clear and concise language makes the book interesting and understandable (not to mention more fun to read) to the future HRM professional and manager alike. It is highly likely that anyone in business will have to take on an HRM role at some point in their careers. For example, should you decide to start your own business, many of the topics discussed will apply to your business. This is the goal of this book; it is useful enough for the HRM professional, but the information presented is also applicable to managers, supervisors, and entrepreneurs. Besides these differences, other key differences include the following: This book utilizes a technology focus and shows how HRM activities can be leveraged using technology. We have also included a chapter on communication and information...
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