...Narcotic Drugs Dee Lamb CRJ311: Forensics Instructor: Seitu Stephens Date Submitted: 07/16/2012 The United States is known to have the highest substance abuse rate of any industrialized nation and therefore Government statistics (1997) show that 36% of the United States population has tried marijuana, cocaine, or other illicit drugs (www.factmonster.com). What are narcotic drugs? Before any one person can place narcotic drugs into a classification, one must first understand what the word narcotic means. This paper will focus on what the term narcotic means as well as the classifications of narcotic drugs. Furthermore, this paper will also talk about the evidence that is needed in order to obtain a conviction in a criminal case, the chain of custody, and the prevention of evidence which seeks to not only prove the alleged crime (s) but also provides the defendant with the opportunity to cross-examine or challenge the evidence which has been presented in court. Narcotic drugs are derived from the Greek word narkotikos, which implies a state of lethargy or sluggishness and pharmacologist classify narcotic drugs as substances that bring relief from pain or produce sleep (Saferstein, R. 2011). Narcotic drugs are highly addictive and withdrawal from them can be very unpleasant. The intensity of withdrawal symptoms depends on the actual physical condition of the user as well as the type of...
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...Drugs, Narcotics, and Options for Treatment Westwood College Chet J. Willer CJ321 – Drugs and Narcotics J. L. Gonzalez, M.A. - Faculty 16 JUL 2012_MP There is no doubt that America is one of the most sophisticated and advanced countries in the world. Evan as complex and civilized that we are, many of our citizens have succumbed to the evils that are associated with drugs. Drugs have been a part of the American story since Christopher Columbus first landed in the New World and the Natives offered him a gift. It was the gift of tobacco, which would go on to become one of the most commonly used drugs throughout our history. (Shmoop Editorial Team, 2008) Drugs are a major problem in American life; however this is not necessarily a new problem. What constitutes a new problem in relation to drugs is the advancements in technologies which chemically create new drugs and modify existing ones. Drugs and the elements which surround them engulf and suffocate millions throughout the world in financial greed, criminal behavior, and uncontrollable addictions. These elements all too often lead to unrecoverable financial debts, instabilities in relationships, incarceration, and death. Many laws have been enacted as a result of the adverse actions and incidents related to drugs. These laws highly regulate the manufacturing of, use, possession, and distribution of drugs. Additionally, there have been strong efforts in attempting to treat those who have been victimized by the...
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...[pic]Drug dependence - Overview Alternative Names Drug addiction; Addiction - drug; Dependence on drugs Definition of Drug dependence: Drug dependence means that a person needs a drug to function normally. Abruptly stopping the drug leads to withdrawal symptoms. Drug addiction is the compulsive use of a substance, despite its negative or dangerous effects. A person may have a physical dependence on a substance without having an addiction. For example, certain blood pressure medications do not cause addiction but they can cause physical dependence. Other drugs, such as cocaine, cause addiction without leading to physical dependence. Tolerance to a drug (needing a higher dose to attain the same effect) is usually part of addiction. Causes, incidence, and risk factors: Drug abuse can lead to drug dependence or addiction. People who use drugs for pain relief may become dependent, although this is rare in those who don't have a history of addiction. The exact cause of drug abuse and dependence is not known. However, a person's genes, the action of the drug, peer pressure, emotional distress, anxiety, depression, and environmental stress all can be factors. Peer pressure can lead to drug use or abuse, but at least half of those who become addicted have depression, attention deficit disorder, post-traumatic stress disorder, or another mental health problem. Children who grow up in an environment of illicit drug use may first see their parents using drugs. This may put them at a...
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...Mother earth, to be cherished and appreciated? The following pages shall compare and contrast the pros and cons of the coca plants controversial existence in an attempt to gain a greater understanding of this dilemma. The opposing sides of the argument and their standpoints shall be identified. The difficulty in differentiating coca from cocaine will be examined. A comparison of the health benefits of coca verses the negative impacts of cocaine shall be made. The economic importance of the coca plant in the Andean region scrutinised. Firstly, we must identify the two sides of this argument. The Andean people believe that coca is a gift from mother earth and an integral part of their culture and way of life. The United Nations Narcotics Commission (UNNC) maintains that the coca plant is simply an ingredient for the production of cocaine and its eradicated should be given the highest priority. Bolivia is found at the heart of the struggle for the retention of the traditional use of the coca leaf. Bolivian president Evo Morales has been at the forefront of this fight, even going as far as to chew coca leaves while...
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...Legalization: The War on Drugs and Criminal Law Howard R. Burke Strayer University Abstract This research will point out that the United States’ current policy on drug prohibition, the so called “War on Drugs,” is ineffective. The current draconian prohibition policies against drug consumption may actually increase their use. As well, contrary to claims made by current drug policy supporters, increased drug enforcement can reduce public safety and compound the individual and social costs of drug use. The U.S. drug policy, born over a hundred years ago, has gone through several transformations becoming more voracious with each new invocation. The War on Drugs is an expensive and failed concept which has incorporated racism in its administration, increased crime rates, imposed harsh sentences for nonviolent offenses, facilitated police corruption and aggressively eroded civil liberties. Table of Contents INTRODUCTION Introduction to the Problem Background of the Study Statement of the Problem Purpose of the Research Research Questions Significance of the Research Assumptions and Limitations Organization of the Remainder of the Study LITERATURE REVIEW CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS Marijuana Legalization: The War on Drugs and Criminal Law INTRODUCTION The United States has conducted a long experiment of drug prohibition. The prohibition of marijuana and other illicit drugs has only increased their...
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...Narcotics Anonymous Narcotics Anonymous is an international, community-based association of recovering drug addicts. It is a twelve-step program modeled on Alcoholics Anonymous. Started in 1947, the NA movement is one of the world's oldest and largest of its type, with nearly twenty thousand weekly meetings in seventy countries (Narcotics Anonymous, 2010). NA’s earliest self-titled pamphlet, known among members as “the White Booklet,” describes Narcotics Anonymous this way: “NA is a nonprofit fellowship or society of men and women for whom drugs had become a major problem. We ... meet regularly to help each other stay clean. ... We are not interested in what or how much you used ... but only in what you want to do about your problem and how we can help (Narcotics Anonymous, 2010).” Sunday, February 19 at 10:15 AM, I attended a Narcotics Anonymous meeting in the conference room of a park in my community. There were 22 men in the room seated in chairs arranged in a circle. The group included 17 African American men and 5 men of European decent. There was one gentleman there that appeared to be in his early twenties, an older man who appeared to be in his mid 60’s and everyone else looked to be between the ages of 35 and 50. The group leader sat behind a table in at the front of the room. He introduced himself and the group secretary just before he directed us all had to state our name and proclaim we were addicts (at this point my nerves were really bad). On the table...
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...English 101 TTH Mr. Mark Rooze November 23, 2009 Drug Trafficking in the U.S. In the United States, there are two basic roots of evil that inspire more than a majority of all criminal activity, greed and drugs. Money and drugs go hand in hand in the U.S. and many places all over the world. The drug epidemic has been sweeping the world and the United States rapidly. More and more Americans are admitting to using drugs regularly. “An estimated 14.8 million American currently use illicit drugs” (Go). This means there is a huge demand and a wide range of demographics for drug dealers. “The 2004 National Drug Threat Assessment reports that in adults, age eighteen to twenty-five, 15.4 percent report having used cocaine in their lifetime, 53.8 percent report having used marijuana, and 15.1 percent report having used MDMA (commonly known as "Ecstasy")” (Swanson). The U.S. government is spending billions to fight a so called war on drugs. For the past 50 years the drug trade has increasingly grown in popularity. It is the biggest money making industry in the world. It is estimated that the highest annual income is around $400 billion with a gross profit margins of 300 percent, making the drug trade worth more than the annual budget of the U.S. DOD (Department of Defense). The demand for illicit drugs is greater worldwide than the demand for textiles and automobiles. It is said that of all international trade, 8% of that is illegal narcotics, while textiles make up 7.5% and automobiles make...
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...about is Drug Trafficking. This topic is interesting to me because right now this is a hot topic everywhere you go. Also, drugs are a very big problem in my community. The other reason I chose this topic is this a field I can see myself doing in my career I’m currently in. Drug traffic is also influencing a lot of teenagers because of the easy money the they can earn in a short period. The things that I know about my topic are that this business is very lucrative and destroys peoples mind set. Also, it causes officers to lose the jobs because of what they easy money they can earn. The illegal drug market in the United States is one of the most profitable in the world. As such, it attracts the most ruthless, sophisticated, and aggressive drug traffickers. One of the busiest routes into the United States via a variety of routes, including land routes through Mexico. They are much useful information I can find about my topic. I think that there are many experts I can talk to here in my area for example, Fresno county sheriffs and maybe Fresno police department. Also, one of my classmates is trying to get me an interview with a DEA agent who is involved in the narcotics unit. There are many sources I can find information about my topic. Before coming to this college I would take time and watch a couple of documentaries about the topic I chose. The are many questions I got about this topic. For example, has the creation of Homeland Security helped lessen the amount of drug related...
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...with Drugs . The effect of a drug is caused solely by its pharmacological properties and effects. . Some drugs are instantly addictive . The gateway/ stepping stone theory - the use of 1 drug leads to the use of other more dangerous drugs What are drugs ? Krivanek's definition : Drugs are substances that are introduced into the body knowingly but not as food. Therefore illicit drugs, legal recreational drugs and legal but regulated pharmaceutical drugs that aren't recreational at all. - Whether if a drug is considered bad and is prohibited depends on the culture of the society in a particular period. What is culture ? The definition of culture = Through Roger keesing and Andrew Strathern's definition it is a system of shared ideas, rules and meanings that underlie and are expressed in the ways that human live. - This includes : law, beliefs, political economy, media and popular culture - this perceives ideas about what is normal and abnormal to society. " Culture is always changing and contested, not unified" Enthography as a method for studying drug use It is a process of observing, recoding and describing other peoples way of life through intimate participation the community being studied". - Participation observation, involving yourself in the life of the community , taking up the life of the other person, observing their actions, asking questions and learning what questions to ask. Zinberg's theory of drug use Effect of drug use...
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...Asian Nations to work closely with the UNODC to reduce the trafficking in illicit drugs through strategies combining treatment, rehabilitation, education and enforcement in accordance with the values of participating sovereign Member States The Asian Development Bank, to increase development grants to Member States negatively affected by the Southeast Asian illicit drug trade for the purposes of allowing them to help local farmers transition from illicit drug crops to legal and sustainable forms of agriculture Member States to continue their partnerships with the International Labor Organization’s (ILO) Youth Employment Programme as a means of combating illicit drug trafficking by providing alternative forms of employment for young persons who might otherwise be exploited by the illicit drug market; Recommends the expansion of the UNODC Alternative Development Programme to include regional education initiatives that will operate on a voluntary basis with full consent of Member States Member States should continue to funding these education initiatives through the use of Inter-Regional Banks and Non-Governmental and International Organizations; These UNODC-facilitated regional education initiatives focus on: Providing education to farmers regarding the benefits of growing licit crops, and sustainable growing practices, as well as the risks involved in engaging in growing illicit drug crop Member States to hold the private sector and property owners accountable in...
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...I Introduction Trade in drugs of abuse such as cocaine, heroin and amphetamines has long been a frustrating feature of the international scene. After attempting for years to combat the drug trade on an individual or bilateral bases, nations have belatedly come to realize that coordinated international action is the only effective way to restrain the trade and, in addition, that social and other broad action is the only means to reduce incentives to participate it. A. Background of the Study Drug is, in the broadest of terms, a chemical substance that has known biological effects on humans or other animals. Foods are generally excluded from this definition, in spite of their physiological effects on animal species. In pharmacology, a drug is “a chemical substance used in the treatment, cure, prevention, or diagnosis of disease or used to otherwise enhance physical or mental well-being. Pharmaceutical drugs may be used for a limited duration, or on a regular basis for chronic disorders. Psychoactive drugs are chemical substances that affect the function of the nervous system, altering perception, mood or consciousness. Alcohol, nicotine, and caffeine are the most widely consumed psychoactive drugs worldwide. Recreational drugs are drugs that are not used for medical purpose, but are instead used for pleasure. Common recreational drugs include alcohol, nicotine, and caffeine, as well as other substances such as opiates and amphetamines. Some drugs can cause addiction and habituation...
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...social problem is a social condition (such as poverty) or a pattern of behavior (such as drug abuse) that harms some individuals or all people in a society and that a sufficient number of people believe warrants public concern and collective action to bring about action. According to Crone, J. (2007) a social problem exists when people subjectively perceive and have empirical evidence to show that social conditions combined at a local, societal, or global level to cause personal problems. It is therefore an undesirable condition that people believe should be corrected. A social policy therefore refers to guidelines or intervention for changing, maintenance and creation of conditions of living conducive for human welfare. It is also an instrument applied by governments to regulate and supplement market institutions and social structures. Social policy is often defined as social services such as education, health, employment, and social security. According to the World Drug Report 2014, in 2012, Uganda has been identified by European countries as an origin for drug traffickers. Uganda is therefore in the international spotlight over drug trafficking. For example, Two Ugandans, Omar Ddamulira and Andrew Ham Ngobi had in May and June 2014 been executed in Guandong Province, China after being convicted of drug trafficking offences. The two men and 21 other Ugandans had been convicted of drug...
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...Introduction Drug addiction is the continued use of any substance, medical or herbal. This has been occurring for many years throughout the world. Our aim of the assignment is first, to make people aware of the drug addition that is occurring now, the effects of drug addiction. Our aim of the report is to dissuade the masses of drug addiction and give reason to stamp it out entirely. Identifying the problem Drug abuse started with opium. Chinese farmers first started consuming large amounts of opium to ‘forget’ the pains they were suffering. The modern ‘druggie’ uses a variety of different substances. They range from the most common cough syrup to the burning of herbal combinations and inhaling the smoke. This is one of the major problems of modern drug addiction. People are getting ‘high’ on the simplest substances; even glue sniffing is taking drugs. Some of the more common forms of drug are: Heroin Cocaine Marijuana (more commonly known as weed) Phensidyle Today, these practices are threatening the foundation of our society. The number of addicted youth is increasing in number every day, demolishing the whole economy of our nation. Thousands of talented youth's careers and the dream of their parents are shattering every day due to one wrong step taken. This problem is almost beyond anyone's control because established drug markets are constantly catering the thirst of drug for hundreds of addicts and there is practically no one to curtail the heinous...
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...marijuana , but to educate you more about Marijuana because it is everywhere in society and it’s about time everybody knows the history and truth about Cannabis. Question if marijuana is bad for you, then why do we hear about more accidents and fatalities due to alcohol intoxication. Alcohol is a legal drug that can directly kill you with too much consumption. How many cases have you heard of someone losing their life from alcohol poisoning. Approximately 80,000 deaths are caused by alcohol per year. How many cases have you heard of someone overdosing on marijuana; Alcohol is an addictive drug that can cause a person to not only ruin their life, but could end it as well. To most people Marijuana isn’t an addictive drug. The harmful effects of marijuana aren’t as harmful as the effects of alcohol is. Initially according to Rawson, cannabis was only used to make industrial goods; its recreational use in America didn’t become popular until the early 20th century. Recreational use of cannabis was pushed up in the ranks with drugs such as cocaine and heroin. Since the beginning of its recreational use there has only been one recorded death due to an overdose. Many drug advocates as well as the government have made marijuana illegal; There are two types of cannabis one is called hemp and the next is called marijuana. Hemp contains less than one percent of THC, which can be used in the production of different industrial...
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