...Importance of Understanding How People Form Perceptions In the case of Joe Salatino, he is the new president of Great Northern American and he bases the success of his company by the amount of money he pays the employees. The firm’s salespeople sell millions of products each year. The lead person of this telemarketing company believes that spending money on commissions and bonuses is necessary to keep his salespeople motivated. The company uses all kinds of motivational tactics in the salesroom to keep the employees engaged at work. Many of Joe’s top workers earn thousands of dollars a year plus commission, but usually it takes about a year for an employee to build up their clientele. With in the article it goes to discuss how the salespeople go above and beyond to build a strong relationship with the customers. Joe believes it increases sales when the employees for a memorable relationship with the customers. As a result, when Joe is looking to hire new people; he looks for them to have great communication skills, be highly motivated and considerate. Finally, Joe looks for workers that know their strengths and weakness and thrive to take the initiative without having to be direct all the time. In the workplace, perceptions quickly become formed whether accurate or artificial. Perceptions and inaccurate assumptions of work habits, personal relationships are mostly form over company gossip. Joe Salatino needs to explain to his employees that perceptions in the workplace can...
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...Analysis of Consumer Behavior quotes “We surround ourselves with valued material possessions as a matter of our lives taking course. A sense of linkage to the concrete and observable world external to ourselves permits us to obtain a sense of stability and continuity in an otherwise less stable existence”. Discuss Introduction Psychology is important in many aspects of business, not least in the whole area of marketing and advertising. An understanding of the consumer behaviour is an essential part of the psychology of marketing. This essay will firstly give an explanation of consumer behaviour. Following this, it will discuss the benefits of the applications of consumer behaviours. Finally, it will look at the explication of attachment in consumer behaviours in the quote “We surround ourselves with valued material possessions as a matter of our lives taking course; a sense of linkage to the concrete and observable world external to ourselves permits us to obtain a sense of stability and continuity in an otherwise less stable existence.” Consumer Behaviour Consumer behaviour is a complex, multi-disciplinary theory contributed from a variety of social sciences. The microeconomic demand theory, the foundation theory of market economy, is focused on what prospect effect the changes in income and price has on demand under the prerequisite of stable preferences; it does not provide explanation of the dynamics of the many factors in between, for instance, what influence income...
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...Behavior Change Project The Transtheoretical Model The Transtheoretical Model (TTM) is an integrative model developed in the early 1980’s by Prochaska and DiClemente to conceptualize the process of intentional behavior change (Pro- Change Behavior Systems, 2015). The TTM emerged from a comparative analysis of the most powerful principles and processes of change from leading theories in psychotherapy and behavior change, including Conscious Raising by Sigmund Freud, Contingency Management by BF Skinner and Helping Relationships by Carl Rogers (Hayden, 2014; Hergenrather, 200*; Pro- Change Behavior Systems, 2015). Whereas other models of behavior change focus exclusively on certain dimensions of change such as social or biological, the TTM seeks to include and integrate key constructs from other theories into a comprehensive theory of change that can be applied to a variety of behaviors, populations, and settings including treatment settings, prevention and policy-making settings. Thus the name Transtheoretical (Pro- Change Behavior Systems, 2015). Stages of change It is not easy to for individuals to change from an unhealthy behavior to a healthy one. Therefore, the TTM focuses on the decision-making of the individual. It operates on the assumption that people do not change behavior quickly and decisively, rather, change in behavior, particularly long-term behavior, occurs continuously through a cyclical process (Boston University School of Public Health, 2016). The...
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...As a child, I became very accustomed to spending certain time periods with my parents. During these periods work was always set aside. My father and I frequently read the newspaper or other materials together, and my mother and I frequently played with my dolls and other feminine things. My father and I were very close to one another. The times we spent together were exceptionally important to me. One of the most special thing my father and I did together was the learning I did with him. He taught me to play sports, to enjoy nature, and to enjoy the art of discovery. I was enthralled by my mother’s role in my life as well because we did things that were typical of other females my age, but those things simply didn’t seem as fun or enjoyable as the things my father and I did when we spent time together. I thoroughly enjoyed playing softball, football, and basketball. I also enjoy hiking, camping, and swimming at the lake. There was nothing as important to me as being outside and doing traditional male activities because they came natural to me. Furthermore, my mother seemed to be trying too hard to capture my interest in things such as dolls, dress-up, and other female things that simply were a bore to me. I merely enjoyed my time with her because it was her way of trying to bond with me, but my real enjoyment came when I could be outside doing some activity. There was never a chance that I would be bored outside. I clearly remember as a child the first time my father taught me...
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...values and self-identities is discussed, and it is suggested that such structures are automatically related by networks of mutual activation or inhibition. The potential of this framework for advancing leadership practice and research is also discussed. D 2001 Elsevier Science Inc. All rights reserved. 1. Introduction Most definitions of leadership share the common assumption that leaders influence subordinate's task and social behaviors (Yukl, 1992). However, the leadership literature, in general, has paid little attention to understanding the intervening mechanisms by which leaders influence followers. Instead, much of the research has focused on the relationship between a leader's behavior or traits and subordinates' satisfaction, behavior, and performance (Lord & Maher, 1991). In the present paper, we attempt to partially bridge this gap by focusing on two key intervening mechanisms Ð values and self-concepts Ð that link leader characteristics and important outcomes. We focus on these two constructs because of their important role in regulating behavior. Although there appears to be good reason to suspect that both values and subordinate selfconcepts serve important regulatory roles, leadership scholars have devoted little effort to formally explicating how these constructs are interrelated. In the current article, we present a * Corresponding...
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...Transformational change in organisations: a self-regulation approach Transformational change in organisations 143 Purpose – The purpose of the present paper is to advance a testable model, rooted on well-established control and self-regulation theory principles, explaining the causal links between change-related sensemaking, interpretation, readiness and subsequent behavioural action. Design/methodology/approach – Following a review of the two motivation theories and clarification of change-related sensemaking, interpretation, and readiness concepts, the paper proposes a series of research propositions (illustrated by a conceptual model) clarifying how these concepts interact with self-regulating mechanisms. In addition, the feedback model exemplifies how cognitive processes triggered by new knowledge structures relate to behavioural action. Findings – The model expands upon other existing frameworks by allowing the examination of multi-level factors that account for, and moderate causal links between, change-related sensemaking, interpretation, readiness, and behavioural action. Suggestions for future research and guidelines for practice are outlined. Practical implications – The variables and processes depicted in the model provide guidelines for change management in organisations, both for individuals and for groups. By eliciting important self-regulating functions, change agents will likely facilitate sensemaking processes, positive interpretations of change, change...
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...values and self-identities is discussed, and it is suggested that such structures are automatically related by networks of mutual activation or inhibition. The potential of this framework for advancing leadership practice and research is also discussed. D 2001 Elsevier Science Inc. All rights reserved. 1. Introduction Most definitions of leadership share the common assumption that leaders influence subordinate's task and social behaviors (Yukl, 1992). However, the leadership literature, in general, has paid little attention to understanding the intervening mechanisms by which leaders influence followers. Instead, much of the research has focused on the relationship between a leader's behavior or traits and subordinates' satisfaction, behavior, and performance (Lord & Maher, 1991). In the present paper, we attempt to partially bridge this gap by focusing on two key intervening mechanisms Ð values and self-concepts Ð that link leader characteristics and important outcomes. We focus on these two constructs because of their important role in regulating behavior. Although there appears to be good reason to suspect that both values and subordinate selfconcepts serve important regulatory roles, leadership scholars have devoted little effort to formally explicating how these constructs are interrelated. In the current article, we present a * Corresponding...
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...Task-Relationship-Self: A Framework for Understanding Service Encounter Behaviors Graham L. Bradley and Beverley A. Sparks Griffith University Dieter Zapf Goethe University Janet R. McColl-Kennedy and Nerina L. Jimmieson The University of Queensland ABSTRACT Research conducted over past decades has investigated selected service encounter behaviors from either a customer or service provider perspective. However, a comprehensive, dual-perspective framework is lacking. Such a framework is needed to organize knowledge of these behaviors, and thereby provide structure, clarity, and parsimony to the field. This paper describes a three-tier framework of service encounter behavior that was developed by applying grounded theory principles to interviews with customers, service employees, and other stakeholders. These informants described many ways in which they behave when executing service exchanges, dealing with service difficulties, and managing themselves in the process. Using an iterative inductive approach, a conceptual framework was developed in which specific (Tier 1) behaviors were placed within broader (Tier 2) categories, and these lower classification levels were, in turn, interpreted within a conceptual space defined by the (Tier 3) dimensions of task, relationship, and self. This framework was then elaborated and refined by reference to the psychology and marketing literature, a set of 157 audio-recorded service interactions, and an expert panel study...
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...There are many definitions of Organizational Behavior (OB). In order to develop a personal operating definition of OB, I read several definitions to help form a framework of what OB means to me. The definitions I read ranged from the very complex to the very simple. Along with many OB definitions, there are also many different types of research. Mole noted four assumptions that are used in all OB research (2002). 1. Behavior is predictable 2. Behavior is caused 3. Behavior has many causes 4. Generalities can be made Personal Operational Definition With the above assumptions, as well as the concept that OB is a combination of different fields of behavioral sciences, I developed the following operational definition of OB. The study of Organizational Behavior is to observe, analyze and learn, what variables influence individual behavior, at both the individual and group levels, and understand how it affects the behavior of the organization. I will use this operating definition in my organization as we plan to make a major software change. The process is underway to replace the maintenance software system with an updated software so that a purchasing package can be procured that will integrate the two. By observing the behavior of the employees, I will be able to better understand the cause of their resistance to change. I will recommend a cross functional team to address all the concerns and determine what features of the old software are important and should be...
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...APOLLO .W. MBOGO ( MOI UNIVERSITY)------- Organizational behavior Organizational behavior refers to the study of people and their behavior in the organization and their work place. Organizational behavior is an aspect that deals with great range of disciplines which includes management sociology, psychology, and communication. Organizational behavior brings about achievement of highest performance and good results due to the application of knowledge about how people, individuals, and groups act in organizations and workplaces. Through the study of organizational behavior, managers are able to know the problems affecting the employees in the organization and come up with solutions to solve these problems. As a result it brings they work harmoniously together as a family thereby bringing high achievement If a manager is assigned to manage an organization, it is necessary for him or her to understand how the organization operates. Organization may refer to the combination of science and people. While science and technology can be predicted, human behavior in an organization cannot be predicted. This is because human behaviors arise from needs and value systems of people. Organizations refer to people this means that without people organizations would not exist. This means that if managers want to understand the organizations in which they work, they must first understand the people who are the constituents of the organizations. People are the most valuable assets of the...
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...Architecture and the Environment Paper  • Prepare a 1,150- to 1,400-word paper in which you explore human response to physical structure. As a part of your paper be sure to address the following:  o Describe how physical structure affects human behavior. o Analyze architecture as a means of controlling human behavior. o Describe the environmental psychological implications of commercial and residential design, including purpose and considerations. o Analyze the importance of architectural development supporting sustainable development. Architecture and the Environment Paper The Environment and its inhabitants cannot be explained separately both shape each other and is shaped by the environment. There are different kinds of environments that need different kinds of behavioral workings that are sensory input, internal representations that change the structure of the earth for who people live there. “To understand the interactions of the physical world and behavior, then, we must consider the two in an intertwined fashion†(Todd & Wilson, 1993). Effect of Physical Structure on Human Behavior Architectural design always played a significant aspect in one’s comfort and health. It is a different form of art surrounding one every day. Unfortunately, for years, it has not been considered this way and its benefits have not been recognized. However with the increasing research and interest in...
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...manager who wants to encourage efficiency and the highest standards of service? A stage of Change Model as proposed by Prochaska and Colleagues for addictive behaviors consists of six dynamic stages. The six stages are: Precontemplation, Contemplation, preparation, action maintenance, and termination. Precontemplation is when an individual is not considering making any changes. Contemplation is the time when an individual is aware there is a problem and is considering taking action to resolve it. Preparation refers to the time when an individual commits to taking action sometime within the next 30 days. Action is the busiest time. There are noticeable efforts to change the targeted behavior. Maintenance is the stage when a person tries to stabilize the behavior change and prevent relapse. Termination is the final stage, this occurs when there is zero temptation to revert back to the old behavior. Healthcare administrators can utilize the Prochaska Stages of Change model to assists themselves in developing procedures to support patients or subordinates who will benefit from behavior modification. It helps one to recognize that the customary counseling and patient is not always effective with all individuals’. Being familiar with the stages through in which individuals pass during the course of successfully altering a behavior permits us to be able to fashion interventions to the individual. Our understanding of this concept permits one to enrich those stages by utilizing specific...
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...Running Head: EMPATHY AND SOCIAL LEARNING Developing Empathy: Nurturing Through Social Learning Abstract This paper explores the Social Learning Theory and how prosocial behavior, specifically empathy, is cultured through observation, modeling and imitation. Empathy is defined through a review of Bandura’s Bobo Doll experiment, Jeremy Sloan’s article on developing empathy and the impact it has on animals in our world, and an assessment of empathy in future criminal justice professionals. All provide evidence and data to support the finding that adults have lasting influence on children and how ones behavior is formed. Empathy is a vital trait and it’s a primary requisite for successfully managing daily experiences. Key words: Empathy, Modeling, Social Learning, and Development Introduction The development of empathy allows us the innate ability to relate to another’s experiences, motives and feelings. It is the foundation of compassion and caring, and is monumental in many of life’s challenges and successes. It is what allows us to learn from others and become responsible, caring adults. Many significant professions require empathy: medical care, fire rescue, education, criminal justice, and most importantly parenting. Tragic events such as slavery and the Holocaust illuminate the significance of empathy, it’s part in humankind’s wellbeing, and how requisite it is to encourage healthy development of the trait (Sajo, 2011). It is therefore of utmost...
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...Behaviorism, Humanistic and Psychoanalysis. The Humanistic approach began as a movement in the 1950's meant to take a healthy, or holistic, method to understanding the nature of what it is to be human. This perspective addresses values important to humans: love, compassion, creativity, etc. It is considered the third force of Psychology, the first being Behaviorism and the second being Psychoanalysis. The founders of the Humanistic theory were Abraham Maslov and Carl Rogers. They concerned themselves with the psychological well-being of a person, it focused on being able to realize your full potential or 'self-actualization'. This concept had a huge impact on psychology as we know it today because it concerned itself with areas of human behavior that other theories ignored. "The humanistic perspective values the integrity of each individual" (Editorial Board, 2011). It is believed that you could lose yourself because you become preoccupied with the notion of gaining acceptance from others. When you, as a person, are so consumed with being accepted, you tend to mold yourself and become something and someone that you are not. "The Humanistic perspective saw humans as being intentional, that they seek to have a sense of purpose and value" (Career Education Corporation, 2010). One of the therapeutic methods...
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...EOC Charter School Case management Log Student Name: ________Camacho, Keila___________ Areas to Review: Achievement __ Attendance __ Behavior __ Completing Assignment/Homework: All __ Most __ Some __ None __ Attendance: Days ___ Hrs__ Min ___ Behavior Codes: 01 | Continually Uses Positive behavior | 11 | Foul Language | 21 | Leaving Class w/o Permission | 31 | Sexual Harassment | 41 | Use of Firearms | 02 | Tardy - mild | 12 | Lying | 22 | Vandalism – not tagging | 32 | Rape/Sexual Assault | 42 | Poss of Firearms | 03 | Tardy - Severe | 13 | Not Following Directions | 23 | Tagging | 33 | Distribution of Drugs | 43 | Poss of other Weapon | 04 | Absences | 14 | Encouraging Misconduct | 24 | Fight w/o Weapon | 34 | Poss/Use of Tobacco | 44 | Use of other Weapon | 05 | Not Responding | 15 | Cheating | 25 | Fight w/ Weapon | 35 | Poss/Use of Alcohol | 45 | Bus Violation | 06 | Not Doing Work | 16 | Dress Code | 26 | Threat w/o Weapon | 36 | Poss/Use of Drugs | 46 | Cell Phone | 07 | Disruptive - Mild | 17 | Sleeping/Head down | 27 | Threat w/ Weapon | 37 | Robbery w/o Weapon | 47 | Other Disruptive Device | 08 | Disruptive - Severe | 18 | Missed Detention | 28 | Bullying/Harassment | 38 | Robbery w/ Weapon | 48 | Talking | 09 | Defiance - Mild | 19 | Computer Misuse | 29 | Hate Crime | 39 | Auto Theft | 49 | | 10 | Defiance - Severe | 20 | Restricted Area Violation | 30 | Gang Activity | 40 | Theft Larceny | 50 | | Academic Interventions: ...
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