...National Health Insurance Model There are four basic insurance models adopted by different countries in the world: the Beveridge Model, Bismarck Model, National Health Insurance Model, and Out-of-Pocket Model. This paper will focus on the National Health Insurance model and will discuss the meaning of the model, the countries that use the model, who funds the model and discuss the strength and challenges of the model. The model. The National health insurance model is a form of insurance that is run by the government with the taxpayers’ money (Wallace, 2013). In this system, every citizen is free to seek medical services anywhere throughout the country without concern of being denied. The providers of care in this type of insurance model are...
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...Single-Payer National Health Insurance Currently, the U.S. health care system is outrageously expensive, yet inadequate. Despite spending more than twice as much as the rest of the industrialized nations ($8,160 per capita), the United States performs poorly in comparison on major health indicators such as life expectancy, infant mortality and immunization rates. Moreover, the other advanced nations provide comprehensive coverage to their entire populations, while the U.S. leaves 51 million completely uninsured and millions more inadequately covered. The reason we spend more and get less than the rest of the world is because we have a patchwork system of for-profit payers. Private insurers necessarily waste health dollars on things that have nothing to do with care: overhead, underwriting, billing, sales and marketing departments as well as huge profits and exorbitant executive pay. Doctors and hospitals must maintain costly administrative staffs to deal with the bureaucracy. Combined, this needless administration consumes one-third (31 percent) of Americans’ health dollars. Single-payer financing is the only way to recapture this wasted money. The potential savings on paperwork, more than $400 billion per year, are enough to provide comprehensive coverage to everyone without paying any more than we already do. Under a single-payer system, all Americans would be covered for all medically necessary services, including: doctor, hospital, preventive, long-term...
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...Health care system is multifaceted because the system is characterised by variety of aspects. The system involves monitoring the services for social agencies. This process again involves wide range of services because it allows many social workers to coordinate their efforts. Many argue that the multifaceted nature of health care system takes into account high expenditure or the high cost of providing the health care facilities. Health care is financed in U.S through various programs. Financing in U.S is entirely different than other countries. This difference is due to the fact that U.S does not have its national health insurance plan. Government programs, self insured plans and insurance companies are some of the payers involved in financing. U.S does not have national insurance plan for its citizens like other countries but various public programs for the benefit of poor, disabled and elder people are organised. There are basically two approaches to health care financing namely: - Market based financing and government financing. Multiple payer health care system is funded by privately owned health insurance companies and is therefore called as market oriented. It is dependent upon the paying capacity of the beneficiary and accordingly the insurance plan is purchased by the beneficiary. Various health plans cover various health care services but choice depends upon the purchasing power of the beneficiary to a greater extent. Advantages and disadvantages of this system...
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...the United States Not long ago, Tina Bachtel, a beautiful thirty-five-year-old women from Ohio walked into a local healthcare clinic seeking treatment. Tina was pregnant and having health issues. She had visited the clinic prior to that day while uninsured which resulted in her having a large unpaid balance. Bachtel was denied treatment. She was told she could only be granted service if she paid one hundred dollars per visit. Tina Bachtel did not have the money to pay upfront. Shortly after leaving the hospital, Tina Bachtel and her baby died (Krugman). Healthcare nightmares like these are not uncommon in the United States. Reform of the American healthcare system is crucial for a healthier and more financially...
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...the day. The children did receive education in the work houses, in return for their labour. The aim was that the outcome of being unable to support yourself or family was so harsh and severe, that it would stop anyone from wishing to enter (The National Archives, 2014: 1). The Second World War saw a shift from the Poor Law to the Welfare State through the Beveridge Report. “No one, not even Beveridge himself, ever planned the Welfare State, nor has it been a direct outcome of any political or social philosophy”, (Bruce, 1961: 13). “It has been in fact no more than the accumulation over many years of remedies to specific problems which in the end have reached such proportions as to create a new conception of governmental responsibility”, (Bruce, 1961: 13).” The Beveridge Report of 1942 was the culmination of a review of the whole of social security provision in Britain commissioned by the Wartime National Government”, (Alcock, 1987: 51). The Wartime National Government only set out to tidy Britain up, not to make the huge changes Beveridge reported were required. Beveridge found that Britain had five giant evils to slay. Want (poverty), idleness (employment), ignorance (lack of education), squalor (poor housing) and disease (health). The government on receiving the report took serious consideration on whether to publish the report or not. It was in fact published and people queued to purchase a copy (Abel-Smith, 1992: 5-16).This essay will look at each of the five giant evils...
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...intend to return to work on 03 March 2014, following a period of annual leave commencing immediately after AML. If you wish to return to work before this date, you must give us at least eight weeks' notice in advance of the date that your AML is due to end. Maternity Pay From the date on which you commence your maternity leave, you are entitled to (SMP) for a period of 39 weeks. The first 6 weeks of SMP is payable at 90% of your basic salary and thereafter at the statutory rate determined by the government from time to time. At the sole discretion of the company, you are eligible to receive maternity pay, equivalent to 80% of basic pay for the first 18 weeks of maternity leave (inclusive of SMP and subject to deductions for tax and national insurance). During...
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...Political Science 12/10/13 100 Years of Health Care Reform: Obamacare Bringing Us into the Future In 2008 when presidential candidate Barack Obama was platforming for universal healthcare for the United Sates, most people thought that it was a revolutionary idea, and liked the way it sounded. Who wouldn’t want affordable universal health care? But what many people did/do not know is that Obama’s platform was not revolutionary at all. In fact there had been many presidents before Barack Obama who had fought for some sort of universal health care. Now hat eager democratic candidate of 2008 has entered into his second term as president of the United Sates, and as his platform promised, he has been able to pass a bill that gives every American citizen affordable health care. This bill is called the Affordable Care Act; though many people know it now as Obamacare. What is interesting about Obamacare is that although it was widely praised by the American public before it was passed, it is now getting many mixed reviews. But to really be able to make a decision about whether or not you are for or against the new bill, you must understand the Affordable Care Act or ACA fully; its history, and its meaning. Private and public health insurance has not always been a part of American medicine. In fact the very first prepaid health care coverage was not established until 1929, when Baylor Hospital in Dallas, Texas developed the Baylor Plan which helped a local teachers union...
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...SCHEMES OF WORK – COMMERCE (GRADE TEN) SCHEMES OF WORK – COMMERCE (GRADE TEN) WEEKLY SCHEDULE(3 periods a week) | TOPICS AND CONTENT | LEARNING OBJECTIVES- Students will be able to: | TEACHINGSTRATEGIES | SUGGESTED ACTIVITIES | RESOURCES | ASSESSMENT | 1. Introduction to Commerce | | | | | | 1 | A) Organizational Structure of Commerce | 1. Define the terms within the organizational structure. 2. Draw up and complete the organizational structure of commerce. | Graphic OrganizerMnemonic Strategies | Question and AnswerIllustrationsBingo | Wall ChartsMini chart print outs Commerce Textbooks: (Listing of texts attached) | Quizzes:-Chart completion-DefinitionsBingo Games | | B) Needs and Wants | 3. Distinguish between needs and wants. 4. Discuss the role played by producers in the satisfaction of consumer needs and wants | SPAR ( Spontaneous Argumentation)Graphic Organizer | DiscussionsQuestion and Answer | Commerce TextbooksPowerPoint PresentationInternetLaptop | Assignment-categorizing needs and wants. | 1 | C) Economic Systems | 5. Identify and explain types of economic systems | Graphic Organizer | Questions and Answers | Chart PrintoutsCommerce Textbooks | Quiz | 1 | D) Direct and Indirect Production | 6. Distinguish between direct and indirect production 7. List and explain the commercial occupations. | Graphic OrganizerCooperative learningMnemonic Strategies | Role playDiscussionsGraphic Organizer | Commerce Textbooks | Assignment-categorizing...
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...P46: Employee without a Form P45 Section one To be completed by the employee Please complete section one and then hand back the form to your present employer. If you later receive a form P45 from your previous employer, please hand it to your present employer. Your details Please use capitals Date of birth National Insurance number This is very important in getting your tax and benefits right. D D Address M M Y Y Y Y Name Title – enter MR, MRS, MISS, MS or other title Postcode House or flat number Surname or family name Rest of address including house name or flat name First or given name(s) Are you male or female? Male Female Your present circumstances Please read all the following statements carefully and tick the one that applies to you. Student Loans If you left a course of Higher Education before last 6 April and received your first Student Loan instalment on or after 1 September 1998 and you have not fully repaid your student loan, tick box D. (If you are required to repay your Student Loan through your bank or building D society account do not tick box D.) A – This is my first job since last 6 April and I have not been receiving taxable Jobseeker’s Allowance or taxable Incapacity Benefit or a state or occupational pension. A OR B – This is now my only job, but since last 6 April I have had another job, or have received taxable Jobseeker’s Allowance or Incapacity Benefit. I do not receive a state or occupational...
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...Health Care System in Turmoil Alice Felton MHA 622 Healthcare Ethics & Law Dr. Teresita Gonzalez August 5, 2012 Health Care System in Turmoil The current health care system in the United States is in turmoil for many years because of two major problems which continues to be: patient access to care and the cost of care. There are well over 50 million Americans who continue to be uninsured today and a national health care tax called the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act of 2010 has been passed and challenged and upheld by the United States Supreme Court, as a tax not a law, here recently which is suppose to be an answer to most of our health care insurance issues. Even though most Americans may agree that our health care system is in turmoil and needs to be reformed, not everyone agrees that a national health care tax is the solution. In the United States as the health care system continues to be in turmoil the patients are continuing to struggle to keep their medical care and that can be either if they are trying to maintain at least a standard of care or just simply hoping that the medical facility that they may prefer, such as a local hospital or community center will be able to stay in business, or that they will have continued accessed to emergency rooms even if they are the uninsured. In the midst of this health care system turmoil there are other segments in the health care sector that may be experiencing financial problems, such...
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...…10 Evaluation Criteria………………………………………………………………………………………………………10 Policy Recommendation……………………………………………………………………………………………..12 Conclusion…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..13 References………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….14 Introduction Recent health care reform legislation, The Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act and Education Reconciliation Act, which is now being referred to simply as the Affordable Care Act (ACA), was signed into law by President Obama on March 23, 2010. Since the 20th century, several United States presidents have faced challenges in passing national health reform into law. Before the ACA was enacted, national health reform proposals under different governments in the United States faced strong opposition from various stakeholders and multiple interest groups. Therefore, the enactment of the ACA is revolutionary healthcare reform in the history of the United States. Healthcare insurance is a program that assists in paying medical expenses through privately purchased insurance or social welfare programs. In other words, health insurance is a system that provides protection against health costs. This newly legislated healthcare reform offers health insurance for all Americans and legal residents in the United States. Furthermore, the law was enacted to control the constant increase of healthcare costs as well as improving the healthcare delivery system in the...
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...Healthcare System. After extensive research it seems certain government regulations work in favor of Japans Healthcare System. Japan has a tight grip on its system by banning insurance company profits, limiting doctor fees and accepting shortcomings in care that many Americans would find intolerable. National health insurance in Japan is the result of a gradual process that can be traced back to 1905 when companies began providing limited benefits for its employees. In the years afterward more and more corporations began offering benefits through mutual aid societies. A health insurance law was developed in 1922 that was inspired by the German system established by Chancellor Otto von Bismarck in 1883. The law was implemented in 1927, mandating coverage by enterprises and it created an important role for the government as far as provisioning health insurance to those not covered by employers. In 1938, health insurance was extended to those who were self-employed such as farmers, fishermen, foresters and other groups not covered by the 1922 law. By 1938 the law was revised to include the remaining 30 percent of the population who had not previously been covered. This revision was the first step in extending health insurance to occupational groups. Every government jurisdiction was required to provide health insurance to every uncovered resident by 1961. Since 1961 all Japanese have been covered by either employers or the government. Demographic characteristics of population Japan...
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...Health insurance was extremely rare in the early 20th century. Most Americans paid for health care on a fee-for-service basis, while the destitute got treatment for free at low-quality community hospitals. Some factories offered free doctor visits to their workers to try and limit sick days but that was the extent to which healthcare was received. Before the 1930s, except for veterans’ pensions, support for the elderly and disabled was a matter of local and family rather than a Federal concern. The suffering caused by the Great Depression brought a need for change and a support for a national insurance system. Franklin Delano Roosevelt entered as a Democratic President in 1932 during the Great Depression, with the promise of a new deal for...
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...America’s healthcare model is so disorganized that we have a little bit of Beveridge, Bismarck, National Health Insurance, and Out of Pocket models. The working class is considered to be generally in the Beveridge model. Americans who receive Medicare or Medicaid are considered to be on the National insurance model. Americans with no health insurance are on the Out of Pocket model, (Reid, 2008). Germany has the Bismarck model. This model is to ensure that all people have comprehensive coverage. Germany has what they call a sickness fund that both the employer and the employee fund through withholding. Features are quality care, low cost, claims paid without question, fixed prices, private healthcare providers, and strict governance of insurance sold on a nonprofit basis. Physicians acquire a costless education, have essentially no departmental obligations, and are hardly ever brought into litigation, (Reid, 2008). 1b. In four sentences total describe the Beveridge, Bismarck, National Insurance, and Out of Pocket models. Beveridge model is not based on whether or not a person can pay but based on medical necessity. (The Beveridge Model, 2010) Bismarck model has a sickness fund which is paid by both employer and employee through withholdings, (Kevin M.D.com, 2011). National Insurance consists of Medicare and Medicaid put in place by the government, (The National Health Insurance Model, 2011). Out of Pocket model is based on a patient’s ability to pay out of pocket for...
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...Costs Of Healthcare Christine Amargo HCA305 The U.S. Health Care System Sherry Grover June 9, 2014 Everyone wants to have access to health care and in order to access it they need insurance, but unfortunately not everyone can afford health insurance. The United States spends more money on health care than any other country, but raise the cost of health insurance to the citizens. Health care should be affordable if the government is willing to spend as much money as they are on it. Health insurance should be able to affordable to all classes lower, middle, and higher. The citizens of the United States has the right to know why their insurances cost are going up and if they are going to get more bang for their buck. The reason why healthcare cost is rising each year is because no one is managing the spending. Money is being spent between all accounts of healthcare and shared amongst each other. There needs to be a line where companies stop spending and try to manage the money they have if they don’t the cost of healthcare will just keep rising. The primary issues of healthcare cost are access to healthcare, and affordability of healthcare. The United States health care spending has been growing rapidly for many years, but many citizens are without appropriate health care. This is affecting the two governments major health insurance Medicaid and Medicare and the private insurance companies. As the health care spending rises, the citizens will be faced with difficult choices...
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