...Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act: The Pros and Cons of Section 703. The FISA Act was created to govern the gathering of foreign intelligence. In 1952, President Thurman established the National Security Agency within the department of defense. The NSA is the premiere signals intelligence agency. In the United States Intelligence Community, agency efforts are channeled through the Director of National Intelligence (DNI). The American intelligence community works closely with foreign intelligence agencies, especially on SIGINT matters. The members of the Cold War era UKUSA Agreement (Australia, Canada, New Zealand, United Kingdom, and the United States) also known as ‘Five Eyes’(FVEY), are partially close collaborators. In the 1950’s the Executive branch was largely in control and unchecked by the Legislative and Judicial branches on Foreign intelligence matters. Some surveillance policies were narrowed due to constitutional concerns. The authority for foreign intelligence was identified in the President’s inherent Article II of the Constitution powers and a key legal check on that authority was the Fourth Amendment. The fourth amendment as interpreted by...
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...International University American National Government GSI1405E Daniel Flynn Febuary 18, 2014 Federal Policies - Welfare and Unemployment In this essay I will provide information on Welfare and Unemployment Polices and how it causes national debates as sell as the conflicting federalism issues it creates. Federalism “is the formal division of authority and power between states and the national government”. (Levin-Waldman, 2012, Chapter 3). The American federal system is set up so that all of the states and national government within are equal in control. It is in that “equality” that the debates, pro and cons of these policies occur. If every states is equal and has equal control over the nation’s government policies, why is that these policies differ from state to state? Welfare and Unemployment were both created for assistance to the people of the nation who were in need. Welfare began in around 1911 when the United States adopted “England’s poor house laws.” ("Welfare," n.d., para. 4) The U.S. has had some form of Welfare in place since before our independence was won. In 1935 “during the Great Depression, when emergency relief measures were introduced under President Franklin D. Roosevelt, Roosevelt's New Deal focused predominantly on a program of providing work and stimulating the economy through public spending on projects, rather than on cash payment.” ("Welfare," n.d., para. 4) President “Roosevelt signed into law the Social Security Act, which contained provisions...
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...support the privatization of jails. Pros: • Privatization lends itself for prisons to be run at lower costs. • Privatize prisons don’t have the red tape to cut through, therefore they run more efficiently. • Privatized prisons have a reason to make sure that prisoners get the help that they need which leads to better recidivism Cons: • Transparency into prison life is not guaranteed. • Could result in higher cost depending on contracted agreements for prison needs • Living conditions could be compromised B. Privatization of Public...
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...Private Contractor versus Government-Operated System on Aviation Security Travis Park Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University ASCI 202: Intro to Aeronautical science I. Summary: Throughout the 1960s, 70s, and 80s, the government developed its security system by introducing inspection devices, canine teams, and etc. However, on September 11, 2001, the most terrible tragedy has changed the United States. It was the most shocking moment in the history, and it changed the whole security system in aviation industry. The Aviation and Transportation Security Act of 2011 (ATSA) was passed, and the federal government created Transportation Security Administration (TSA) and gave direct responsibility of aviation and airport security to TSA. Although the government has done its best for aviation security, the government-owned system has its pros and cons. This research paper would discuss the pros and cons of security system between private contractor and government-owned system. II. Problem: The United States called for more effective security system on the aviation industry, which ensures the safety and protect the country. However, the government agencies do not always succeed its efficiency and created many loss compare to private sector. The ATSA required TSA to run a two-year long pilot program, culminating the Screening Partnership Program (SPP), which allowed airports have private contractors for its security personnel and maintain issue that operate under the TSA requirements...
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...United States of America. Healthcare legislation has been defining regulatory agencies for centuries. The primary existence of these government-regulated agencies is to ensure that laws and regulations are enforced. Access to quality and affordable healthcare is protected through government regulatory agencies. In addition to the escalating cost of healthcare and increasing society’s debt both positive and negative effects has transpired. The pros and cons of improving care and reducing the cost of healthcare has been the goal of regulatory agencies from the beginning. Controlling healthcare cost and delivering quality care is made possible through health care legislation. The following will discuss governmental regulatory agencies and its effects on the healthcare industry. Government Regulatory Agencies and Their Role Federal regulatory agencies are in place to govern issues that impact the people of the United States. These agencies have been in existence for hundreds of years. Situations that impact the American society are inclusive to things that have a direct personal affect on them individually. These same issues potentially have a negative impact on organizations and businesses private or public from coast to coast. Violations of federal regulation can have serious consequences such as sanctions, business fines including but not limited to time served in jail. These agencies were created by our government and were given empowerment to hold organizations...
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...Unit 3 Assignment 1: Federal, State, and Local Counter Terrorism Databases, Agencies, and Resources Explain the purpose of having fusion centers. A variety of partners from state to federal agencies protecting communities from violent crime by gathering, analyzing, and sharing threat information. These centers give the local officers access to intelligence for their use in the communities they protect. Not only do these centers help local and state, but they also help the federal government to better support local efforts. Do you believe that fusion centers promote the practice of information sharing between multiple agencies? Why or why not? I feel they do because they bring together multiple agencies to provide local agencies with national...
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...Efficient Securities Markets and International Financial Reporting Standards Efficient Securities Markets and International Financial Reporting Standards Introduction As of January 2011 Canada’s publicly accountable enterprises (PAEs) will have to adopt International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) as their accounting framework under which financial statements are prepared. This means the accounting standards Canada had been using generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP) will no longer apply. What will this mean for PAEs and their investors? Will there be more or less decision useful information and will securities markets become more efficient with Canada’s adoption of IFRS or is it the same business, just different accounting? Executive Summary Comparing financial statements internationally has become difficult as accounting rules and standards have evolved differently depending on the country due to history, culture, political influence and economics. That is why the IFRS have been created and currently there is almost 100 countries that adhere to IFRS standards. Canada too has decided it must join and in 2011 all Canadian PAE’s will report under IFRS. There are both pros and cons for investors who will be relying on financial information from companies that are using IFRS’s foundation. The adoptions of IFRS will likely cause recognition, measurement and presentation differences in a company’s financial statements. Although IFRS’s...
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...United States Government, the Community Management Account, and the Central Intelligence Agency Retirement and Disability System, and for other purposes. 1 Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representa- 2 tives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, 3 4 SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE; TABLE OF CONTENTS. (a) SHORT TITLE.—This Act may be cited as the 5 ‘‘Intelligence Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2009’’. 6 (b) TABLE OF CONTENTS.—The table of contents for hsrobinson on PROD1PC76 with BILLS 7 this Act is as follows: Sec. 1. Short title; table of contents. Sec. 2. Definitions. TITLE I—BUDGET AND PERSONNEL AUTHORIZATIONS VerDate Aug 31 2005 21:15 Jul 18, 2008 Jkt 069200 PO 00000 Frm 00001 Fmt 6652 Sfmt 6211 E:\BILLS\H5959.PCS H5959 2 Sec. Sec. Sec. Sec. Sec. Sec. 101. 102. 103. 104. 105. 106. Authorization of appropriations. Classified Schedule of Authorizations. Personnel ceiling adjustments. Intelligence Community Management Account. Limitation on the use of covert action funds. Prohibition on use of funds to implement ‘‘5 and out’’ program of the Federal Bureau of Investigation. TITLE II—CENTRAL INTELLIGENCE AGENCY RETIREMENT AND DISABILITY SYSTEM Sec. 201. Authorization of appropriations. Sec. 202. Technical modification to mandatory retirement provision of the Central Intelligence Agency Retirement Act. TITLE III—GENERAL INTELLIGENCE COMMUNITY MATTERS Subtitle A—Personnel...
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...12, 2014 Alex Cardenas Code of Conduct The United States Border Patrol is a federal law enforcement agency and is one of the largest in the world. The purpose of the Border Patrol is to keep terrorists and the weapons terrorists use out of the nation’s borders. In addition, the Border Patrol also serves to ensure that international and trade is conducted in a lawful way (U.S. Department of Homeland Security, 2014). As a federal agency, the Border Patrol is under high public scrutiny. A federal agent that is accused of unethical behavior will be in the national spotlight, and it will discredit the entire agency, no matter how isolated the incident may have been. Thus, with any federal agency, the employees of the Border Patrol are held to a higher standard than other employees are. If the hiring process is to be used as a measure of how high the standards are for Border Patrol employees, then it should be no surprise that only the most qualified individuals are accepted (U.S. Department of Homeland Security, 2014). A thorough background investigation is conducted on any potential agent to ensure that the candidate is loyal to the United States. The Border Patrol’s Mission Statement (U.S. Department of Homeland Security, 2014) makes it clear that the Border Patrol serves “the American Public with vigilance, integrity and professionalism.” In addition, the agency lists as a core value that of service to country, noting that the American people puts its trust in the...
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...FEMA and Federalism Deanne Norgaard POL 120 - American National Government May 26, 2014 Season Hoard FEMA and Federalism The Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) is a federal program designed to respond to natural emergencies and disasters all over our country. Its initial catalyst is a governor’s declaration of a disaster area. So when recent tornadoes touched down and cut a path of destruction through Illinois, particularly in the towns of Washington and Gifford, the governor made his declaration and FEMA was expected to spring into action. Upon examination however, FEMA ruled that despite seven fatalities and millions of dollars of damage, the area did not qualify for assistance. Both the Illinois governor and U.S. Senators were stunned and the state was left to respond to the emergency themselves. What is this federal policy and is it better than just having each state respond to its own issues? The qualifications to receive FEMA assistance are determined by the following: the amount and type of damage (major damage and number of homes destroyed); impact on the infrastructure of affected areas or critical facilities; imminent threats to public health and safety; impacts to essential government services and functions; unique capability of Federal government; dispersion or concentration of damage; level of insurance coverage in place for homeowners and public facilities; available assistance from other (Federal, state, local, voluntary organizations); and...
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...25, 2001, the Act passed the Senate by 98 to 1, with Russ Feingold the only opposition. This act was signed then into law by former president George W. Bush on October 26, 2011, just six weeks after the September 11th attacks to the World Trade Center and the Pentagon. This act reduced restrictions in law enforcement agencies’ gathering of intelligence with the U.S. The act also expanded the definition of terrorism to include domestic terrorism. The Patriot Act made many changes to U.S. law, such as the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act of 1978 (FISA), the Electronic Communications Privacy Act of 1986 (ECPA), the Money Laundering Control Act of 1986 and Bank Secrecy Act (BSA), as well as the Immigration and Nationality Act. It was strongly opposed by Senator, Russ Feingold; he was the only Senator to vote against the bill. The final Act had a number of sunsets that was supposed to expire on December 15, 2005. On May 26, 2011, President Barack Obama used an Autopen to sign a four-year extension of three key provisions in the USA PATRIOT Act while he was in France. Its goals are to strengthen domestic security and broaden the powers of law-enforcement agencies with regards to identifying and stopping terrorists. The passing and renewal of the Patriot Act has been extremely controversial. Supporters claim that it's been...
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...25, 2001, the Act passed the Senate by 98 to 1, with Russ Feingold the only opposition. This act was signed then into law by former president George W. Bush on October 26, 2011, just six weeks after the September 11th attacks to the World Trade Center and the Pentagon. This act reduced restrictions in law enforcement agencies’ gathering of intelligence with the U.S. The act also expanded the definition of terrorism to include domestic terrorism. The Patriot Act made many changes to U.S. law, such as the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act of 1978 (FISA), the Electronic Communications Privacy Act of 1986 (ECPA), the Money Laundering Control Act of 1986 and Bank Secrecy Act (BSA), as well as the Immigration and Nationality Act. It was strongly opposed by Senator, Russ Feingold; he was the only Senator to vote against the bill. The final Act had a number of sunsets that was supposed to expire on December 15, 2005. On May 26, 2011, President Barack Obama used an Autopen to sign a four-year extension of three key provisions in the USA PATRIOT Act while he was in France. Its goals are to strengthen domestic security and broaden the powers of law-enforcement agencies with regards to identifying and stopping terrorists. The passing and renewal of the Patriot Act has been extremely controversial. Supporters claim that it's been...
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...number of people working in the nonprofit sector has soared in America within the past 20 years. Even though memberships in unions have become stagnated, unions are increasingly targeting nonprofit employees to unionize. Unions are targeting nonprofits organization because sentiments about unions runs very strong in the for profit arena, and nonprofit employees are more in line with seeking what is fair and just. As the union tries to unionize We Care, as the Executive Director it is my responsibility to asset whether are not a union is the right thing for the organization. This paper will discuss the information that will be presented to the board based on my research on the whether or not We Care should unionize. In this paper the pros and cons of unionize will be discussed and ending with a recommendation on the whether or not to allow We Care to become a union shop to the Board. Unionize Yes or No? Introduction A considerable number of nonprofit staff members work in the field because they want to bring about change in their community and city. Many nonprofit workers coach and mentor the participants in seeking union jobs. It is through these avenues that they learn how unions can help increase wages and begin to wonder if a union would be a good thing in their organization. Some union such as the American Federation of State, County and Municipal and Service Employees international Union view recruiting nonprofit organizations to unionize as a key to their survival...
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...ESSENTIALS OF MANAGEMENT Chapter 4 – Subject Review Questions 1. After reading the short excerpt “Custom Coffee & Chocolate”, the reader has a pretty good idea as to what their mission statement might be. In my opinion, the mission statement for “Custom Coffee & Chocolate” could be along the lines to provide a comfortable, convenient location for Students, Faculty, and local residents to come and indulge in their love of fair trade coffee and fine local chocolate. 2. SWOT Analysis for Custom Coffee and Chocolate is below. Strengths – Quality Ingredients, Store Location, Stacy’s financial background, Bonnie’s marketing abilities, comfortable environment, both owners have experience in this market, good potential customer base. Weaknesses – Lack of employees, lack of capital, amount of takeout orders, small shop, and unstable price points. Opportunities – Delivery service, additional employees, wireless connection, expanding the menu, holding of events, creation of a website and blog, school affiliation Threats – Competitor coffee shops in the area and the university cafeteria along with student meal plans Both owners understand that a tactical plan is a set of procedures or steps used to translate their broad strategic goals into a specific plan with a timeline. * The first order of business is to hire two part-time employees; this should be done within 2-4 weeks, as this will free time for Bonnie and Stacy to implement the rest of the plan. *...
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...OF THE DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY 1 4/10/2012 John Smith Throughout American History very few moments have had the amount of security influence of the attacks of September 11, 2001. The deadliest attack on American Soil has had an everlasting impact on the government. It provided the framework for creating one of the largest government agencies; The Department of Homeland Security. John Smith Throughout American History very few moments have had the amount of security influence of the attacks of September 11, 2001. The deadliest attack on American Soil has had an everlasting impact on the government. It provided the framework for creating one of the largest government agencies; The Department of Homeland Security. Impetus of the DHS 2 September 11, 2001 changed how the American public and government view homeland security. The attacks on the World Trade Center and the U.S Pentagon were the deadliest attacks on U.S soil since Pearl Harbor sixty years prior. These events single handedly thrust the United States into the homeland security mindset, becoming a proactive in the fight against terrorism, becoming a national security state. Although not the first attack on U.S soil the 9/11 attacks became the catalyst for the way American people view security and continues to be the defining factor in prevention of future attacks. Prior to the 9/11 attacks the United States had a multitude of federal agencies with terrorism task forces and...
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