...This literature review will discuss the depiction of Native American history while trying to capture the true essence of their culture. It will emphasize the major diseases brought by European settlers that caused high mortality rates in the American Indian population during the 18th- 19th century. Fighting for their land physically and politically became a hard battle for them and this paper will discuss their current status in America. Native Americans are the indigenous people of the Americas inhabiting the country roughly 15,000 – 40,000 years ago. The Bearing Sea land ice-bridge was created by the last Ice Age and that is what the Siberian (Northeast Asian) people used to cross into Alaska where they migrated to other parts of the Americas. In James Dixon’s Bones, Boats, and Bison:...
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...Research Paper While traditional Native American dance and the Polynesian dance are both unique to their cultures, a developed comparison reveals they share many similarities in technique and meaning. In this essay, I will evaluate these similarities along with the differences that make each dance unique to its people and their culture. “Dance is a poem in which each movement is a word and is the most hidden language of the soul” this was found searching the web for what others felt the meaning of dance meant to them. An interesting fact about cultures and dance is that dance was used to express how they felt and emit their own expression of themselves. One thing that both Native American and Polynesian both have in common are they both believe in the spirits of their ancestors. When the Polynesian's danced the Hula they thought that if done incorrectly that something would happen and may turn disastrous while Native American dance specifically for a reason and believed if they asked for thanks for necessities they would acquire it. Both dances were created for one reason and one reason only to ask for help spiritually. Native American culture and the way they danced were entirely for their Gods, basically as an offering to show how important they were and how much their Gods were believed in. As the Polynesians too were spiritual and wouldn’t dance until an elder blessed the area in which would be danced upon, they also danced to perform for their people as entertainment...
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...ceremony there was all sorts of activities such as dancing and singing to celebrate the occasion, it was a very important ceremony for the hosts and also the guests. The host would give out gift such as blankets and art and other nice things to the guests based on ranking. The potlach ceremony was very meaningful and important ceremony because it brought all the clans together and showed respect to all of the participants. The sweat lodge is a ceremony that takes place in a hut like tent with hot rocks placed in the middle as water gets thrown onto the rocks turning it into a sauna witch purifies and cleanses the body and mind of the participants taking place in the ceremony. In most cultures the sweat lodge must be performed in complete darkness and the ceremony must take place in a spot where they can communicate with the spiritual world. Tobacco is usually smoked out of a sacred pipe or is sprinkled on the hot rocks as an offering. Outside the sweat lodge there is usually 1-2 people called the Dog Soldiers that protect the ceremony and help with the hot rocks. The meaning of the...
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...The Treaty of Dancing Rabbit Creek was forced upon the Choctaws. They had no say on whether or not their lands would be acquired and removed from beyond the Mississippi. They had a choice of either accepting that they leave their land forever or face the authority of Mississippi, they were forcefully pressurized to accept the Treaty of Dancing Rabbit Creek. A majority of the Choctaws chose to stay. Any Choctaws, households and single entities, that did not leave had half a year after the treaty was officially confirmed to register with an Indian agent. This would benefit the Choctaws because they would receive land grants. Choctaws would have a chance to succeed in their new environment surrounded by whites as landowners. Indian tribal lands...
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...The interactions between white Americans and Native Americans were costly and devastating. White Americans viewed Native Americans as objects rather than people and treated Native Americans without any respect, similar to that of African Americans during this time. White Americans stripped Native Americans of their dignity and traditions by creating laws such as the Dawes Act of 1887 and killing hundreds of Native Americans in massacres such as Sand Creek and Wounded Knee. These interactions and acts all caused the Native Americans to submit to white authority which continues to this day. The Massacre of Sand Creek took place on November 29, 1864 and was the tipping point to cause many Native Americans to submit to white authority. The Sand Creek massacre took place on the Great Plains of Colorado between the Cheyenne and Arapahoe Native Americans and Colonel John Chivington’s troops. Leading up to the massacre was disputes over land, various treaties, and the treatment of Native Americans. The day before the massacre Black Kettle along with other chiefs to meet with the governor of Colorado John Evens. Black Kettle...
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...Native American Relocation Native American culture and its role in American history have always been a fascinating subject. There have been reading assignments on Native American’s removal and resistance, Black Hawk and his rebellion, and Emerson’s letter to President Van Buren. These pieces gave us a brief overview of America’s goals at the time, the action they took to achieve these goals, the Native Americans’ reaction, and the opinions held by the American people. These readings only scratched the surface of Native Americans and the role they have played in American History. The main cause of the interaction between Americans and the Native Americans was an increase in demand for land by Americans. As they pushed west and south, the frequency of interactions with Native Americans increased and so did hostility. I am aware that land demand issues were normally approached at first with peaceful negations. The American government would meet with the tribes and develop a treaty that resulted in less land for the Native Americans and more land for Americans. This would satisfy the Americans for a period of time but demand for land would just continue to increase. At this point Indians would either get restless and rebellions would ensue or Americans would violate the treaties and make moves on the Native’s land. In either situation the superior force of the American troops would result in them defeating the Indians. The Indians would then be forced to comply with American demands...
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...Minnesota State University- Mankato Traditional Grass Dance Ashley Silva Humanities 281W: Human Diversity and Humanities Traditions Jeris Swanhorst July 6, 2014 As history will prove, many cultures have been immortalized through various artistic means. Many include the written word or preserved artwork. The many tribes of Native Americans choose to commemorate their history and honor their ancestors through the art of dance. One of the most popular dance styles for Native Americans known today is the ‘Grass Dance’. While its exact origins are not known, there are still several pieces of information that can be used to piece together the history. Several sources believe the dance began in the Northern region; ‘the dance was given to the Dakota by the Ponca about three hundred years ago at a place just east of the Black hills of South Dakota’ (Howard, 82). An approximation places this time frame around the year of 1860. As more participants began to experience and learn the dance style, the influence and knowledge of the dance began to spread. The dance reached the Blackfeet tribe in the 1870s, and eventually the Gros Ventre tribe around 1875-1880. From the 1920s to after World War II, an economic change in the United States had a greater impact on the nature of the grass dance. Many of the ceremonial traditions of the dance were lost during this time period and transformed into more of an entertainment form of dance. Along with these changes also came the involvement...
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...Eric Brennan 11/16/14 American Lit. First draft In “The Lone Ranger and Tonto Fist Fight in Heaven” by Sherman Alexi. The theme of cultural identity is important to the story because it shows the truths about the Native Americans in America, and can be seen through celebration, appearances and Tradition/spirituality. In the story almost all throughout the book you can find things that fall under cultural identity and effects on many characters. “There is something beautiful about an Indian boy with hair so black it collects the sunlight. His braids grow hot to the touch and his skin chimes with reservation sweat. He is skinny and doesn’t know how to spit.” (Alexi 146). The cultural identity in “The Lone Ranger and Tonto Fist Fight in Heaven” is showing the beauties of a Native Americans. Instead of the stereotypical Native American being just a complete ugly, not sanitary person there actually beautiful and not just dirt and not worthy. Through the story cultural identity is shown and the consistency of a Indian being named after their father is bad, but is a good thing. It was the fourth of July and Victor and Thomas were riding bikes around and it was so dark you couldn’t see their faces. “Which Junior? Everybody on this Reservation is named Junior” pg 63 (Alexie 63). In many cultures people name their child after the name of their selves. They all don’t look alike just because of their long black hair. I don’t think it’s just Native Americans that have junior as there...
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...Many Native Americans have been slowly displaced from their society and, as a result, they have lost their cultural identity. However, many of the Native Americans have begun to seek the connection to the natural world of their cultural heritage once again. In “Blue Winds Dancing” written by Tom Whitecloud, the authors use dialogue and imagery to reveal the narrator’s struggle to connect to his cultural heritage as a native American which appears distant to him. Throughout the excerpt, Whitecloud uses dialogue to depict the narrator’s inner conflict with his identity. As the narrator reaches the door of the lodge he questions whether he is “Indian… [or] white” conveying his internal conflict with his sense of belonging. The uncertainty he...
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...MN Native Americans In Minnesota there are 11 federally recognized Indian reservations. Seven of these reservations belong to the Ojibwe Indians: White Earth, Leech Lake, Red Lake, Bois Fort, Grand Portage, Fond du Lac, and Mille Lacs (Guise). The other four reservations belong to the Dakota Sioux Indians: Upper Sioux, Lower Sioux, Shakopee Mdewakanton and Prairie Island (Guise). The Ojibwe (or Anishinaabe) Indians are one of the largest Native American groups in North America (Treuer, 2010, p.5). I decided to focus my paper on learning more about the history, traditions, education and language of the Ojibwe people. History Ojibwe people originally lived in the northeastern part of North America, where their ancestors were known as the...
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...Arnold is the misfit Native American teenager outcast that just wants to find his place in the world. In the novel, the Absolutely True Diary of a Part-Time Indian written by Sherman Alexie, Arnold discovers his true self by trekking his way through a series of challenging events. He breaks stereotypes by coming to realize the struggles of an alcoholic, addictive lifestyle and in the process, finds himself. There are three hundred and thirty six reservations in America. One of the biggest difficulties each reservation faces is addiction. Arnold, as well as many others on these reservations come across the reality of this, in their own homes. The stem of alcoholism among Native Americans can be one of many things, including hurt being passed down among generations and generations. Native Americans have lived in America for years and years, even so, they...
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...Corn and the Native Americans: A brief journey through the maize Humanities 215-V1 Native American Cultures Larry Jent April 12, 2012 Throughout the history of Native American culture corn has played a vital role in many facets of life for a multitude of people in various ways. It is not merely a simple grain or vegetable, it is a sacred gift to all people. Not only does it nourish one physically and provide for material use, but it is also an important spiritual tool. Corn plays a vital role in Native American culture. It is an agricultural mainstay, is integral to many ceremonies, honored in many celebrations throughout many tribes, and is credited with nourishing the nation physically as well as spiritually through various myths and legend. Food for Thought Corn was one of the first domesticated crops by the native people. “Over a seven-thousand-year period, Indian people domesticated hundreds of kinds of maize, beginning in the semiarid highlands of Mexico with a common wild grass called teosinte” (Ballantine 60). “The teosinte pollen, carried by the wind to other corn like grasses, produced a hybrid whose cultivation helped ensure a stable food supply” (Maxwell 44). With the ability to reproduce food in a single location it was easier for people to settle in certain areas. This provided for a more domesticated way of living and a steady source of nourishment. Corn could be used immediately, dried...
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...H Native Americans have had a really harsh time when Europeans started to migrate over and inhabit locations on the eastern coast. As people started to come over from Europe to colonize this new land, they started to run into the Natives which were called Indians. Now the Indians and the colonies, didn’t like each other for various reasons. So they have been through lots of warfare as lost many members of tribes. Some Natives even went to reform some new tribes around other areas of the country. As more and more people started to colonize America, the Natives were pushed back to certain areas in which they stayed and had their own land. Nowadays, there are only a few tribes left in mostly parks of Alaska and Hawaii. The Native Americans were very good at Hunting. They used bows and arrows and spears to kill most of their pray for food. Then they would cook what they caught over a fire. One of their largest games was bison. Other than Hunting, the Natives were very good at farming. Their first crop that they grew was squash. They also learned to grow cotton, sunflower, pumpkins, tobacco, goosefoot, knotgrass, and sump weed. But their one main item that they grew was maize, other known as corn. They used corn everyday as part of their diet. Also, the Natives were very religious however, they believed more in the spiritual side and Mother Nature. As far as sports go, they played something that was very similar of Lacrosse. Music and Art is another area that the Native...
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...the story, Blue Winds Dancing, by Tom Whitecloud, the plot is driven by the conflict the narrator faces. Whitecloud, reveals distinctions between Indian and white cultures by examining his narrator’s view on civilization in order to show how identity is constructed and influenced by our societies. Moreover, the conflict is rooted in the narrators opposing views of the two cultures to which he belongs. His views are much more tranquil compared to those of the society where men strive for materialistic pleasures. Therefore, only by a reconciliation of these views will the narrator finally resolves his conflict. At the beginning of the story the narrator presents his views about life. He describes the peace that he feels when he is back home in Wisconsin. However, he also mentions how such peace is completely lost in the everyday life of a big city. It is evident that the narrator has been educated and has lived in a big city for a long time, at least long enough to judge the quality of life in such an environment. The narrator expresses dissatisfaction with society, especially white society. He bluntly states I am tired. I am weary of trying to keep up this bluff of being civilized. Being civilized means trying to do everything you don’t want to, never doing anything you want to. He makes a clear contrast between white society and Native America society. Clearly, the narrator feels as if he is not fit for white society, after all, he is a Native American. It is this discontent...
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...Assimilation and Multiculturalism Midterm Reena S. Glover SS 310 Herzing University Dr. I. Hunt August 1, 2013 An assimilation and multicultural society that we are living in is taking on new meaning of what was, is, and will be to be an American. At one time, North America was the land of Native Americans who had their own customs that eventually was invaded by the Europeans. A set of people that when they came over to North America, had to be led by the Native Americans and the ways of their land to survive. Once the Europeans began to master the land, they took the land little by little from the Native Americans and changed it to their own way of living. They then incorporated their way of living on the new land, even with slavery. Taking from others what didn’t belong to them, making change and calling it their own. The Europeans are what we call modern day bullies. One particular culture, African was a group that was assimilated by the Europeans. They were stripped of their customs and forced to live the way that Europeans wanted them to live. Africans lost the rich heritage of their color and culture. Their color was assimilated, and the range of the melanin of their skin went from a heavy dark color to have very faint light color and many shades in between. This happened because the slave’s master raped and bedded the African women. This wasn’t an instant change in color, but over time, the color changed. What was meant for bad and pleasure for “the man”...
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