...Zofran or Ondansteron Staci J. Tate Dabney S. Lancaster Community College Zofran or Ondansteron Zofran, also known by its generic name of Ondansteron is a medication used to prevent and to treat nausea and vomiting for a variety of different patients. It is used for patients undergoing radiation therapy and in patients with cancer. It is also used as a preventative measure in situations where nausea and vomiting are expected such as after a surgery and is even recommended in cases where the incidence of nausea and vomiting are low. It is available in three different forms, an oral solution, orally disintegrating tablets that are absorbed through saliva, and oral tablets that you take with water. It is to be protected from sunlight, stored at room temperature, and it is to be kept in the wrapper until it is time to take the dose or when given an oral solution, the bottle is to be kept upright at all times. If you miss taking your dose of Zofran it is okay to take it as soon as you remember. Contraindications of this medication include hypersensitivity to ondansteron hydrochloride which is the main ingredient in the drug and in patients taking apomorphine because of the incidence of a loss of consciousness and severe hypotension reported when taking both of these drugs together. Question One The website Zofran.org appears more biased in the fact that it says that the effects of Zofran on pregnant women have not been studied efficiently without further explanation and...
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...My communication preference is relationship driven and people orientated. Many physicians differ in their type of communication preference depending personality. My hospitalist group has a combination of different preferences that make our group unique. As a lead physician, my most arduous task involves identifying each physician’s communication preferences and adapting my preference to mesh well with theirs. The physicians in my group most often identify with action oriented versus content oriented with few that identify with technology oriented preferences. I will go through specific examples of each communication preference I have encountered, conflicts that have arisen and solutions to those conflicts. My communication preference is relation driven and people orientated which allows me to directly interact with my fellow colleagues face to face. I feel my strengths include empathy, consistency, and honesty. Weaknesses include emotional attachments, directness, and at times overcritical. My schedule currently allows me to work seven days on and seven days off. We work about 12 hours per day during our work week. I share my managing responsibilities with a fellow colleague that works on the opposite week. My colleagues communication preference is technology oriented. A specific example on where a conflict arises is with our sign out process. We are required by our group to sign out our patients to our counterparts once work is complete for that week. My preference is...
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...Despite the widespread use of antiemetics, more than 70% of patients being treated with chemo therapy report experiencing nausea and vomiting. (Ryan, 2009) b. Thesis Statement: Research suggests that adding Ginger to standard antiemetic regimens can decrease the incidence of nausea and vomiting in patients receiving chemotherapy. Less nausea and vomiting can improve the patients overall wellbeing. c. Preview of main points: i. Nausea continues to be reported by as many as 70 % of patients undergoing chemotherapy. This is despite the use of standard use of antiemetic medications. (Ryan, 2009) ii. Lingering and persistent nausea can affect overall quality of life as well as the patient’s overall health during chemo therapy. (Bloechel-Daum, Deuson, Mavros, Hansen, & Heretedts, September 20, 2006) II. Nausea continues to be reported by as many as 70 % of patients undergoing chemotherapy Show visual aid (Ryan, 2009) The Phase II/III placebo-controlled, double-blind study included 644 cancer patients who would receive at least three chemotherapy treatments. They were divided into four arms that received placebos, 0.5 gram of ginger, 1 gram of ginger, or 1.5 grams of ginger along with standard antiemetics. (Ryan, 2009) a. Patients took the ginger supplements three days prior to chemotherapy and three days following treatment. Patients reported nausea levels at various times of day during following their chemotherapy and those who took the lower doses had a 40 percent...
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... Microbiology in the News Nausea and vomiting are among the most frequently experienced toxic side effects associated with chemotherapy. Chemotherapy is the treatment of disease by the use of chemical substances, especially the treatment of cancer by cytotoxic and other drugs. Chemotherapy is an important part when treating cancer and it is almost impossible for a patient to not experience any type of nausea and vomiting. Chemotherapy induced nausea and vomiting, also known as CINV has 5 syndromes: acute, delayed, anticipatory, breakthrough, and refractory. Acute CINV is known for nausea and vomiting within the first 24 hours after treatment. Delayed is nausea and vomiting that begins after the first 24 hours of treatment and may last for up to 5-7 days. Anticipatory CINV nausea and vomiting often occurs prior to the second or subsequent administration of chemotherapy in patients who have experienced poorly controlled nausea and vomiting during previous courses of chemotherapy. Breakthrough CINV can be defined as nausea and vomiting during any phase of the chemotherapy cycle. Refractory CINV is also described as a failure to respond to prevention and/or intervention during a previous cycle of treatment. Nausea and vomiting affects cancer patients differently. Some are affected physically, some are affected psychologically, and some are affected emotionally. Some anti-nausea medicines have been found to reduce nausea and vomiting but the problem is still left...
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...Ginger: Avert nausea Ginger can prevent stomach upset from many sources, including pregnancy, motion sickness, and chemotherapy. "This is one of Mom's remedies that really works," says Suzanna M. Zick, ND, MPH, a research investigator at the University of Michigan. A powerful antioxidant, ginger works by blocking the effects of serotonin, a chemical produced by both the brain and stomach when you're nauseated, and by stopping the production of free radicals, another cause of upset in your stomach. In one study of cruise ship passengers traveling on rough seas, 500 mg of ginger every 4 hours was as effective as Dramamine, the commonly used OTC motion-sickness medication. In another study, where subjects took 940 mg, it was even more effective than the drug. MORE: The Smoothie Cure For Gas And Bloating It might also: Decrease your blood pressure, arthritis pain, and cancer risk. Ginger helps regulate blood flow, which may lower blood pressure, says Zick, and its anti-inflammatory properties might help ease arthritis. Ginger extract had a significant effect on reducing pain in all 124 patients with osteoarthritis of the knee, in a study conducted at the Miami Veterans Affairs Medical Center and the University of Miami. Those same anti-inflammatory powers help powdered ginger kill ovarian cancer cells as well as—or better than—traditional chemotherapy, at least in the test tube, found a study by the University of Michigan Comprehensive Cancer Center. Although further testing is...
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...Jean Paul Sartre – Nausea Reflection Most tend not to question, confront, or analyze the meaning of their own existence; rather they shy away from it. Within the writing of Jean Paul Sarte – Nausea the protagonist, Antoine Roquentin declares “I exist” and feels the freedom to do so. However with that stance he must also take responsibility to declare his freedom. He comes to this conclusion by his occupation as a historian to research the late Marquis Rollebon, a political French aristocrat who became an image Roquentin used to justify his existence. Roquentin had been using Marquis to hide from his own existence. Upon abandoning his historical research, Roquentin transparently looks at the change of objects. He cannot see the essence within, only objects making up a whole devoid of meaning. Physicality grows on him in a way that it hides the truth of an objects existence. His “nausea” roots in his perception and how his imagination interprets the external world. Roquentin confronts the bare existence of things by looking through their essence. It stems from the moments when he realizes he is creating an essence of an object and tries to see through its existence. Color is just an idea which blinds the truth of its meaning. Objects and people become a mask to the nothingness they exist in. Perhaps living alone has prevented connection to the external world. R’s disgust of objects, his reflection, his past are all linked with the present so how does he not believe...
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...Christian Ramirez Instructor E. Gooden Writing 100 4 March 2013 You’re Going to Be a Daddy! The day I found out I was going to be a dad was truly unforgettable. It was filled with so many feelings, emotions, and adventures! Graciela, my wife, and I were on our way to my cousin’s baby shower. On the way to the baby shower, Graciela was feeling a bit odd. She looked at me and without her saying anything, I knew something was up. I was at red light on Valencia Rd. and Midvale Rd. when she opened the car door and started to throw up. When she finished puking, she looked up at me and said, “I think I might be pregnant!” “You might just have a stomach flu, or something you ate might be causing you to throw up,” I replied. Loudly she answered, “I’m ten days late, Christian, it’s not the food! Now pull over into Walgreens to get a test.” Being an obedient husband who was freaking out inside, I listened and pulled into the store to buy a pregnancy test. I bought three of them just to be sure I got accurate results. After I paid, I went to the car while she went to the restroom. She might have been there for about fifteen minutes, but it felt like I had been waiting for two hours! When I saw her coming, I turned off the music and unlocked the car door. She opened the door, sat down, and said the one sentence I will never forget. “You’re going to be a daddy, honey!” Filled with joy and happiness, I leaned over, kissed her, and said; “I promise to be the best dad in the...
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...Pathophysiology and Nursing Management of Clients Health NRS-410V-0502 June 07, 2015 Approach to Care The diagnosis, treatment, and side effects associated with cancer can be complex and understanding how cancers are diagnosed, the treatment choices, and the potential psychological, physical effects of cancer are essential to understand when one is faced with a cancer diagnosis. This paper will describe how cancer is diagnosed, the staging procedure, complications associated with the disease, the side effects associated with treatment, and methods to lessen the physical and psychological effects of cancer. The diagnosis of cancer is determined from the patient’s history, symptoms, and physical exam obtained by a healthcare provider (Davis, C. P. 2014). There are many symptoms which may alert a patient or healthcare provider that further evaluation for cancer is required. Examples of suspect symptoms might include: Changes in a mole, sores that do not heal, changes in the breast and nipple, thickening or lump beneath or on the skin, changes in bowel routines, atypical bleeding noted in the urine, stool, or vaginal (National Cancer Institute, n.d.). After performing the physical exam, a healthcare provider may determine medical tests are required to confirm a cancer diagnosis. Medical tests used to confirm diagnosis can vary. One of the first tests to be conducted will be an evaluation of the patients’ blood. Several blood tests are commonly used to detect cancer; these...
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...affects brain function.” (Concussion). These concussions can cause headaches, confusion, dizziness, ringing in the ears, nausea, vomiting, fatigue, blurry vision, etc. Even though there are many problems after concussions, there are many solutions, including specialist treatments. Concussions are serious injuries. “During a concussion, the brain slides back and forth against the inner walls of the skull.” This usually happens with a hit to the head or upper body during car...
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...Antiemetic and Antinausea Agents Definitions * Nausea * Unpleasant feeling that often precedes vomiting * Emesis (vomiting) * Forcible emptying of gastric, and occasionally, intestinal contents * Antiemetic agents * Used to relieve nausea and vomiting VC and CTZ * Vomiting center (VC) * Chemoreceptor trigger zone (CTZ) * Both located in the brain * Once stimulated, cause the vomiting reflex Mechanism of Action * Many different mechanisms of action * Most work by blocking one of the vomiting pathways, thus blocking the stimulus that induces vomiting Indications * Vary per class of antiemetics * General use: prevention and reduction of nausea and vomiting Mechanism of Action and Indications * Anticholinergic agents (ACh blockers) * scopolamine * Also used for motion sickness * Antihistamine agents (H1 receptor blockers) * dimenhydrinate, diphenhydramine, meclizine, promethazine * Also used for nonproductive cough, allergy symptoms, sedation * Neuroleptic agents * Block dopamine receptors on the CTZ * chlorpromazine, perphenazine, triflupromazine * Also used for psychotic disorders, intractable hiccups * Prokinetic agents * Block dopamine in the CTZ * Cause CTZ to be desensitized to impulses it receives from the GI tract * Also stimulate peristalsis in GI tract, enhancing emptying of stomach contents * metoclopramide...
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...Side effects can include headache or abdominal pain. Imodium—2mg one capsule after each episode of diarrhea, not to exceed 8mg daily. Side effects can include bloating, constipation, loss of appetite, and stomach pain (severe) with nausea and vomiting. After initial chemotherapy and surgery were completed Mya continued on maintenance medications which included: Anastrozole—1mg daily—to block estrogen production in the adrenal glands, she will continue this medication for the recommended 5 years after initial treatment. Side effects can include Constipation, diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, upset stomach, loss of appetite, body aches and pains, breast swelling/tenderness/pain, headache, dry mouth, scratchy throat, increased cough, dizziness, trouble sleeping, tiredness/weakness, flushing and sweating (hot flashes/hot flushes), vaginal bleeding, hair thinning, and weight change can occur. Vitamin D—50000units weekly—to increased vitamin d Most people do not commonly experience side effects with vitamin D, unless too much is taken. Some side effects of taking too much vitamin D include weakness, fatigue, sleepiness, headache, loss of appetite, dry mouth, metallic taste, nausea, vomiting, and...
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...Name: Gerri Lineberry Describe briefly your topic of interest/research question (15 possible points): Postoperative nausea and vomiting are distressing complications of perioperative anesthesia. Since following any procedure or surgery that requires the use of anesthetic medication, there is the potential for these complications to occur and produce life-threatening complications. There is a great need to comprehend this pathology so that precise treatment can be initiated either preoperatively or postoperatively to combat these complications so postoperative healing is not delayed. Research in this area of concern is greatly needed so nurses know what the best measures are to assist in the treatment of postoperative nausea and vomiting. #1 Database (or collection) (30 possible points): Title of Database: BioMed Central Location of...
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...Breakdown of Cancer Breakdown of Cancer Cancer is introduced when a single mutated cell begins to reproduce abnormally. According to Lee Copstead and Jacquelyn Banasik, cancer is a malignant neoplasm or new uncontrolled growth of invasive cells. Cancer begins when cells break from normal cell division that follows its own path. This is known as proliferation, which is abnormal cell division. According to (Copstead & Banasik, 2010) cancer develops when proto-oncogenes become inappropriately activated and this change is due to mutation in the cell’s (deoxyribonucleic acid) DNA. Furthermore, cancer is an out of control cell growth. For a patient to receive an accurate diagnosis of cancer a through history and physical examination has to be done. There are many tests necessary to diagnosis cancer. According to Copstead & Banasik, 2010) the definitive diagnosis of cancer is a positive cytological or histological result. Cytological is the microscopic finding of pathological cells. This can be done by aspiration or exfoliate. Whereas histological is the examination of cells by staining and examining sections of tissue. Other diagnostic tests, such as imaging, chest radiography, computed tomography (CT scan), mammography, or (positron emission tomography) PET scan. There are numerous laboratory test that can aid in the diagnosis of cancer. Urinalysis is used detect blood or hematuria that could be an indicator for bladder cancer. Tumor markers are substances...
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...contaminants of those pathogens. There are thirty known food-borne pathogen, I only selected these sixteen since they are the most common. BACILLUS CEREUS It causes two types of illnesses a diarrheal type or an emetic type (vomiting) this depends when in the incubation period. The incubation period goes between 30 minutes to 15 hours. The symptoms are diarrhea, abdominal cramps, nausea, and vomiting. The possible contaminants are meats, milk, vegetables, fish, rice, potatoes, pasta, and cheese. You pay careful attention to food preparation and cooking guidelines to prevent contaminations. CAMPYLOBACTER JEJUNI Even with low numbers, it causes infection, with an incubation period of one to seven days. The symptoms are: abdominal cramps, nausea, diarrhea, headache that varying in severity. The possible contaminants are raw milk, eggs, poultry, raw beef, cake icing, and water. You must use pasteurize milk; cook foods properly; and prevent cross-contamination. CLOSTRIDIUM BOTULINUM The illness is toxin produced by the pathogen, the incubation period goes from 12 to 36 hours. The symptoms are nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, fatigue, headache, dry mouth, double vision, muscle paralysis, respiratory failure. You will find possible contamination in low-acid canned foods, meats, sausage, or fish. The steps to prevent contamination are to properly follow the recommended procedures to can foods and to cook foods properly...
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...Problem “Key criteria in assessing a research problem are that the problem should be clinically significant; researchable; feasible; and of personal interest” (Polit& Beck, 2012, p 92). The area of interest I chose was the post-anesthesia care unit (PACU). The PACU is a specialty area that recovers post-anesthesia patients. The patients in the PACU have received some form of anesthetic agent and require close monitoring. Close monitoring is required to prevent post-operative complications and decrease post- anesthetic mortality (Nursing Link, 2007). Monitoring a patient’s airway and pain management is important in maintaining a patient’s safety. A major complication that makes both of these more difficult is post-operative nausea and vomiting (PONV). PONV potentially increases the recovery time, patient suffering, and delays patient’s...
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