...World War 2 secret code breaker World War 2 marked for many of Germany's mistake and one of the critical mistakes was using secret codes for radio messages to communicate between allies. However, the meticulous work of code breakers based at Britain’s Bletchley Park cracked the secrets of German wartime communication, and played a crucial role in the final defeat of Germany. The moment Germany started using radio to communicate with its allies a narrow grave was dug, but it kept getting wider and wider, the more they used radio. Eventually the grave became wider and deeper, thus Germany collapsed and lost the war because of these mistakes. Therefore many of the allies of Britain in Europe won their battles. In this essay how , when and what will be discussed regarding the consequences for using coded radio communication. history.co.uk The Enigma story began in the 1920s, when the German military - using an ‘Enigma’ machine developed for the business market – began to communicate in unintelligible coded messages. The Enigma machine enabled its operator to type a message, then ‘scramble’ it using a letter substitution system, generated by variable rotors and an electric circuit. To decode the message, the recipient needed to know the exact settings of the wheels. German code experts added new plugs, circuits and features to the machine during the pre-war years to make it more complex. Although its basic principle remained the same. Therefore if it was hacked once...
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...Omar Diaz Professor Grimes 12/5/13 Final Paper The Use of Film During WWII At the beginning of World War I, America was neutral to what was happening across the pond. Americans went about with their everyday life. One of the new trends that came about at the time, were cinemas. Cinemas were used to entertain the masses, but that soon changed when President Woodrow Wilson saw how it affected the people. Wilson saw the cinemas as an opportunity to influence Americans to enter war against the Axis powers in Europe. Hollywood agreed with Wilson, and supported his ideas about reaching the audience with films. This was the beginning of film being used as propaganda in the World Wars. During WWII, the role of propaganda film changed a bit. World War 2 caused a spike in propaganda films, films now needed to be monitored by many government agencies, and one of the greatest propaganda films was created. Up until the bombing of Pearl Harbor, many American citizens were closed off from the war. Many of the citizens who remembered WWI believed it was a bad idea for American to join because America was still vulnerable and was just fixing itself after The Great Depression. They believed that Europe and Asia should worry about their...
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...throughout this essay. Moral relativist systems exceed moral absolutist systems due to diversity. The system explains the different values that people hold and encourages diverse cultural expressions due to there being no rigidity or fixe ethical code. This allows for a better system as it signifies freedom of expression and people being able to share their opinions with each other, without there being a ‘right’ or ‘wrong’. This is due to the system prohibiting dominant cultures from enforcing itself over others simply because of a disparity of opinions. This means that all cultures are valued by a relativist as there is no objective knowledge that one must accept, they instead must accept all actions as equally valid in the society in which they take place. This would then make is difficult for a relativist to criticise religious acts such as Muslim women wearing a hijab in England , which is beneficial to society due to the lack of discrimination and ignorance. In conjunction with diversity, moral relativism is a better system than moral absolutism due to circumstantial aspects. Moral absolutism does not take into account the circumstances of a situation as everything is absolute and set in stone, while moral relativism does the opposite. A scenario where two conjoined have been born and if they are separated one will live whilst the other will die, further illustrates the point that moral relativism is superior. An absolutist will stand by their ethical code that “killing...
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...Part A: Explain what it means in ethics to call a theory relativist? [25 marks] In this essay I will include what it means in ethics to call a theory relativist. Relativism is when people don’t always agree about what's right and what's wrong, this means there is no need to interfere whether its wrong or right. This suggests it has different cultures express different codes of conduct. Subjective links to relativism because it is when your dependent on some types of emotion or thoughts, Subjective is internal also it is about what you think about something. Theological is the final outcome and what comes out of it this is important in normative terms; some philosophers believe that the end is not how you achieve it is mainly about the outcome. Cultural relativism is an individual belief and activities should be understood an individuals own culture. It is the sort of approach which leads people to say things, 'When in Rome, do as the Romans do'. For example the Maassai Tribe drink the blood of their animals to get important nutrients for their bodies, although they are careful not to kill the cattle, as their wealth is measured in the number of animals they keep. This suggests they are not doing anything wrong according to culture relativism because they are following their traditions, they believe that they are not doing wrong as they are following society's morals. Also different cultures should respect each other cultures, for example in Islam some women may choose...
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...MAP Study Skills Finding & Reading Information Assignment Booklet Student Name: FADUMO AWIL Route: MAP Humanities | | |Unit Title |Finding and Reading Information | |Level |2 |Credit Value | 3 |Unit Code |HC7/2/LN/559 | |Learning Outcomes |Assessment Criteria | |The learner will: |The learner can: | | | | |1. Recognise the variety of resources available in a library |1.1 Locate and use resources from both reference and loans sections of | | |library and electronic resources e.g. internet, DVD, CD rom, and video.| | | | | ...
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...expected to read about a collection of twisted doctors under Hitler’s rule, performing atrocious “medical” experiments. Although this was discussed, the book detailed more on the entire medical profession under Hitler, and its primary focus being on the fortune and fate of physicians as one of the most significant specialized groups under the Nazi party. Kater states that, “doctors became Nazified earlier and more thoroughly than members of other professional groups and worked hardest to serve the regime (4).” Kater makes his thesis known within the first few pages of the book, saying that “physicians become Nazified more thoroughly and much sooner than any other profession, and as Nazi’s they did more in the service of the nefarious regime than any of their extra professional peers (4-5). He breaks this statement down into chapters, filled with sections of information regarding the organizational and socioeconomic setting of doctors at the end of the Weimar Republic, and Nazi organizations like the Nazi Physicians League. He then proceeds into the dilemma of women physicians, medical faculties in crisis, and the infection of medical science with Nazi ideology. Finally he discusses the persecution of Jewish physicians, and ends with a conclusion of the crisis of physicians and medicine under Hitler. Kater uses a wide...
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...balance between Freedom of Expression as enshrined in section 39(1) of the 1999 Constitution (as amended) and the security of the state. But, in discussing or criticizing government, a person or the press is allowed to keep his opinions within the limits of fair criticism. What is not permitted is to criticize the government in a malignant manner. For such attacks, by their nature tend to affect the public peace: DPP v. Obi. Therefore, what the offence of sedition seeks to achieve is the prevention of an unconstitutional overthrow of government or a breach of peace through virulent and malignant attacks on the government or a class. In DPP v. Chike Obi, the question raised was whether the offence of sedition in section 51 of the Criminal Code has not been invalidated by the provisions of the constitution in favour of...
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...ESSAYS FOR THE FINAL EXAM 2014 1. What was the Manhattan project and how did it evolve? How was the decision made to drop the bomb on Hiroshima and Nagasaki and how did the bombing end the war? (be specific and complete) Essay – The Manhattan project was central to the United States efforts in constructing a nuclear bomb during the Second World War. Motivated by the fear of an enemy attack from the Nazi’s, the United States was able to develop the world’s most devastating bombs, which would end up killing more than 200,000 Japanese citizens in Hiroshima and Nagasaki. In this way, the Manhattan project essentially grew out of America’s efforts to defend themselves against a potential Nazi attack. Hungarian scientist Leo Szilard, after escaping to America, realized that if the Nazis acquired the works recently conducted on nuclear fission, they might be able to construct a nuclear bomb and dominate the world with its destruction. He then convinced Albert Einstein of the impending Nazi threat and Einstein took the initiative to alert the United States by writing a letter to President Franklin D. Roosevelt. In the letter sent in August 1939, right before the start of the war, Einstein advised that the United States be wary of the threat of nuclear weaponry in the hands of the enemy and that they should begin a weapons building program of their own. A very small committee was established to look into the science and development of a bomb, funded by a mere $6,000. President...
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...Home AS and A Level History International History, 1945-1991 Was the "Battle of Britain" a Major Turning Point In World War II. Level: AS and A Level Subject: History Topic: International History, 1945-1991 Word count: 2716 Save Was the “Battle of Britain” a Major Turning Point In World War II For this essay I am going to study the Battle of Britain and analyse its importance as a *turning point of World War II. *A turning point is a particular decision or act that significantly alters the turnout of a conflict. In 1939 Adolph Hitler led Nazi Germany on a crusade to dominate all of Western Europe. After crushing Poland, Norway and eventually France with their vicious and relentless “Blitzkrieg” or “Lightening War” tactics Germany had only one obstacle left before it attained total Western European domination; Great Britain. After a humiliating defeat in France, the British Expeditionary Force, or B.E.F. as it was better known, was faced with a terrible choice. Either stay to fight the German advance and risk encirclement, or pull back to the beaches of Dunkirk, and attempt to get as many men as possible back to Great Britain. Eventually the British and French commanders decided that France was lost and that they should evacuate as soon as possible. What followed was a mass withdrawal using as many floating vessels as were available. Under heavy bombardment from both land and air, cargo ships, freighters, battleships and even fishing boats were used in an...
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...majority don’t understand is that war additionally achieves the absolute most life adjusting innovations. During World War II, various creations changed the war’s course and the future of the world. The most critical s and feelings of were RADAR/SONAR, computerized hardware, elastic, and the nuclear bomb. The primary driver of World War II were nationalistic strains, uncertain issue and feelings of hatred coming about because of World War I. The events that prompted the war’s episode are for the most part comprehended to be the 1939 attack of Poland by Germany and Soviet Russia and the 1937 intrusion of the Republic of China by the Empire of Japan. These Military Hostilities were the after effect of choices made by dictator administering Nazi elite in Germany and by the administration of the Kwantung Army in Japan World War II began after these forceful activities were met with authority presentation of war as well as equipped resistance. (1) The reason the United States entered the Second World War was a direct result of the surprise attack on their Naval Base at Pearl Harbor in Oahu at 7:55 am on December 7, 1941. The Empire of Japan submitted a shock assault upon the United Naval armada that was secured in the harbor. The day after the assault the 32nd President of the United States Franklin Delano Roosevelt, announced war on the empire of japan in view of their sudden assault that was performed without notice the day preceding. It included lighting fast advances into enemy...
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...From literature classics in the 40s to over-the-top animes in the present day, a great number of literature and entertainment works feature animals as pivotal characters to help propagate their story. These anthropomorphized characters act, talk and think like humans as they obtain our abilities, personality traits, and even moral codes. So the question is why do writers resort to the personification of animals rather than making use of the traditional human form? There are many reasons for this. Most often, they want to make new characters appear more familiar to readers through animal stereotypes. Sometimes, the use of specific animals is a reference to history or culture and a gateway to deeper discussions about human society. Other times,...
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...Rights, made on the 10th December 1948, stood the test of time? A short essay focusing on freedom of religion. Introduction “Everyone has the right to freedom of thought, conscience and religion; this right includes freedom to change his religion or belief, and freedom, either alone or in community with others and in public or private, to manifest his religion or belief in teaching, practice, worship and observance.” (Universal Declaration of Human Rights, Article 18, http://www.un.org/en/documents/udhr/index.shtml, accessed 14th March 2014) This essay will show that the rights protected in Article 18 - as with many other Articles of the UDHR (Universal Declaration of Human Rights) are protected to varying degrees – to not at all, depending on where you live, the level of democracy in your society, culture and lastly; external factors that dominate ordinary democratic processes and because of the forces applied by the geopolitical and economic forces of the day. The essay will show this by illustrating often controversial and disputed examples of violation on religious freedom in France, Saudi Arabia and Burma (Maynamar) and testing the principles of UDHR on those cases whilst also considering the socio-economic and political drivers. Simply defining human rights and its elements can be complex. This is shown in the minor disagreement between the drafters of the UDHR as described later below. This essay will also use the European Convention of Human Rights and UN Resolution...
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...This research became an extension of the War Department after the United States entered World War II with the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers constructing vast facilities needed for the secret program. This top-secret program came to be code named “The Manhattan Project”. Two main production sites were construction for this project across the country, one in Oak Ridge, Tennessee and the other in Hanford, Washington. There was also an assembly plant built at Los Alamos, New Mexico. In the summer of 1945 the first atomic bomb the United States had developed was ready to be tested. At Trinity Site in New Mexico scientists prepared to see the detonation of the world’s first atomic bomb. The device was attached to a 100-foot tower and detonated right before dawn. The results of this explosion was more than anyone working on the project anticipated. A flash was visible for 200 miles that lit up the morning sky and a mushroom cloud reached 40,000 feet in the air blowing windows...
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...” The ghastly, but impressive ease with which each ruler rose and remained in power is possibly what caused Orwell to focus so heavily on political concerns in his novel. While there are no direct allusions to the Adolf Hitler or Stalin, the political devices used by the Party to control Party members in Oceania are undeniably parallel to the manipulation and brutality that each ruler used to control government. Big Brother for instance, is a fearless leader who is loved by all of the Party members. Though it is never confirmed whether or not he is a real person or just an idea, citizens praise him almost instinctively, posters of him are found in every building, and badmouthing him is not only an act of audacity, but punishable by death. Nazi Germany shared the same attitude towards Hitler. He was beloved by his constituents and a celebrity as much as he was a dictator. Even physically, Big Brother, as he is described in the beginning of the novel when the narrator mentions the “black-mustachio’d face” (Orwell 2), corresponds with Hitler’s trademark facial hair. The early framing of children’s political...
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...Nationalism The nature of the nation and the differences between nations and states. - A nation can be defined as a group of people who consider themselves to have common circumstances at birth. These common circumstances are strong enough for them to adopt collective goals based on their national identity. Nationalism is therefore an emotional phenomenon felt by the people. - There are a number of typical circumstances of birth that may give rise to nationhood including having a single common ancestor, a common historical experience, common culture, ethnic identity, geographical proximity, religion, attachment to territory. - A state is a political reality. It either exists or it doesn’t. In contrast to the concept of nation, it does not convey a people’s state of mind or emotion. A state is a defined territory within which there is a centre of sovereignty that is, more or less, in control of the territory. Differences between nationalism and racialism -Racialism is where the basis of nationhood is founded on ethnic identity, which leads to a synthesis between racialism and nationalism. In extreme cases, the two terms become synonymous. Many nations based on race also adopt Darwinist views of the world. -Racialist philosophers theorised that races were arranged in a hierarchy. In the struggle for superiority, those nations who showed the strongest unity would prevail. - This differs from cultural nationalism as it attempts to protect minority cultures being threatened...
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